Criminology - Woodsworth College - University of Toronto

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate Handbook

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookHow to Apply to the Criminology Program -Application Process for University Transfers including UTM and UTSCStudents transferring to the University of Toronto (Faculty of Arts and Science, St. GeorgeCampus) from another university or from the University of Toronto Mississauga or theUniversity of Toronto Scarborough should contact Admissions and Awards at 416.978.2190or www.adm.utoronto.ca for all undergraduate admission inquiries.Admission to the Criminology program is determined only after the transfer creditassessment is complete. Students seeking admission to the program based only on transfercredits should have a minimum 76% overall average in their previous studies. Results willbe communicated to the student in writing, by the Faculty of Arts and Science, in thetransfer credit assessment letter.Admission to the specialist program is determined by the Criminology Program Office.Transfer students who have previously studied criminology, who have been granted aminimum of 8 full transfer credits and have an overall 'A-' average in their previousundergraduate degree studies may submit a written request along with a copy of theirtranscripts and a copy of the transfer credit assessment letter to the UndergraduateCoordinator. The deadline is May 18, 2009. Results will be available on ROSI beginningJune 30, 2009.Transfer Credits for Newly Admitted StudentsTransfer credits are assessed by the Faculty of Arts and Science. It is important for transferstudents to submit their request for transfer credits as soon as possible after receiving anoffer of admission.If you have any questions regarding transfer credits please check the Arts and Sciencewebsite at www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/undergraduate/tc4 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

The Major ProgramThe major program in Criminology consists of seven full courses or their equivalent,including at least two 300+ series courses. Courses 2-3 are prerequisites for upper levelWDW courses.Course 1One 100Y-series course in ECO or HIS or PHL or POL or SOCCourse 2* WDW200Y1 Introduction to Criminology orWDW205H1 Introduction to Criminology &WDW210H1 Criminal JusticeCourse 3 WDW220Y1 Introduction to Criminal Law and ProcedureCourse 4-5Two full credits from:WDW300H1WDW310H1WDW320H1WDW335H1WDW340H1WDW343H1WDW350Y1WDW350H1WDW360H1WDW365H1WDW370H1WDW375H1WDW380H1WDW383H1WDW385H1WDW387H1WDW388H1WDW389Y0WDW391H1WDW392H1WDW393H1WDW394H1WDW395H1WDW396H1WDW397Y1WDW405H1WDW420H1WDW425H1WDW480H1Crime: Theory and PolicyCrime and Society in Canadian HistoryThe Prosecution ProcessPolicingPenologyComparative Criminal JusticeResearch Methods in Criminology orResearch Methods in CriminologyLaw and PsychiatryCrime and MindYouth JusticeYoung OffendersCrime and GenderImmigration and CrimeRepresenting Crime and AuthorityLegal Regulation of MoralityDrugs, Crime and ControlTopics in Criminology: Legal RightsTopics in Criminology: Race, Colonialism and ViolenceTopics in Criminology: Hate CrimeTopics in Criminology: The Criminological ImaginationTopics in Criminology: Managing DissentIndependent StudyResearch ParticipationResearch ParticipationRisk, Uncertainty and Criminal JusticeCurrent Issues in Criminal LawInternational Criminal LawInterpersonal Violence7

The Specialist ProgramThe specialist program in Criminology consists of ten full courses or their equivalent,including at least four 300+ series courses, one of which must be a 400-series course. Atleast seven WDW Criminology full credits must be completed. Courses 2-3 areprerequisites for upper level WDW courses.Course 1One 100Y-series course in ECO or HIS or PHL or POL or SOCCourse 2 WDW200Y1 Introduction to Criminology orWDW205H1 Introduction to Criminology &WDW210H1 Criminal JusticeCourse 3 WDW220Y1 Introduction to Criminal Law and ProcedureCourse 4-6 WDW300H1 Crime: Theory and PolicyWDW320H1 The Prosecution ProcessWDW335H1 PolicingWDW340H1 PenologyWDW350H1 Research Methods in CriminologyCourse 7One full credit from:WDW310H1 Crime and Society in Canadian HistoryWDW343H1 Comparative Criminal JusticeWDW360H1 Law and PsychiatryWDW365H1 Crime and MindWDW370H1 Youth JusticeWDW375H1 Young OffendersWDW380H1 Crime and GenderWDW383H1 Immigration and CrimeWDW385H1 Representing Crime and AuthorityWDW387H1 Legal Regulation of MoralityWDW388H1 Drugs, Crime and ControlWDW389Y0 Topics in Criminology: Legal RightsWDW391H1 Topics in Criminology: Race, Colonialism and ViolenceWDW392H1 Topics in Criminology: Hate CrimeWDW393H1 Topics in Criminology: The Criminological ImaginationWDW394H1 Topics in Criminology: Managing DissentWDW395H1 Independent StudyWDW396H1 Research ParticipationWDW397Y1 Research ParticipationWDW450H1 Criminology Research Project9

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookCourse 8Course 9-10One credit from:WDW405H1 Risk, Uncertainty and Criminal JusticeWDW415H1 Crime and PoliticsWDW420H1 Current Issues in Criminal LawWDW425H1 International Criminal LawWDW480H1 Violence and ControlTwo full credits from:HIS332H1 Crime and Society in England 1500-1800HIS355H1 Crime and Society in England since 1800PHL271H1 Law and MoralityPHL370H1 Issues in Philosophy of LawPOL332Y1 Courts, Law and PoliticsPSY201H1 Statistics IPSY202H1 Statistics IIPSY220H1 Introduction to Social PsychologyPSY240H1 Introduction to Abnormal PsychologyPSY328H1 Psychology and the LawSOC212Y1 Deviance and ControlSOC213Y1 Law and SocietySOC306Y1 Sociology of Crime and DelinquencySOC358H1 Cities and Social PathologyTRN305Y1 Basic Principles of LawOr additional WDW Criminology courses not already taken* Note: WDW 200Y1 (Introduction to Criminology) has been divided into two half-courses,WDW 205H1 (Introduction to Criminology) and WDW 210H1 (Criminal Justice). Both halfcoursesare required for the program, and students must complete both half-courses andWDW220Y before enrolling in third or fourth year Criminology courses. Prerequisites will bechecked for all WDW courses.10 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

2009-2010 Course OutlinesThe outlines provide a detailed overview of the themes, formats and requirements forCriminology courses offered in 2009-2010. This information was compiled and published inMarch 2009.***COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND TEXTS LISTED IN THE OUTLINES MAY CHANGE******DO NOT TO PURCHASE BOOKS UNTIL AFTER CLASSES START***Summer 2009WDW392H1 Topics in Criminology: Hate CrimeAllyson LunnyTopics vary from year to year, but the objective of the lecture course is to explore emergingissues in Criminology, and their social, legal, ethical and political implications.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220Y1Making Hate a Crime: Constituting Hate Crime in CanadaThemes and FormatThe words 'hate crime' produce a chilling effect on most people. To commonsense knowledges,the deaths of Matthew Shepard, David Rosenzweig, and James Byrd Jr. are examples of themost extreme cases of 'hate crime'. But what is a 'hate crime'? How is it that acts ofincitement and interpersonal violence against racial, ethnic and religious groups, sexualminorities and others have come to be constituted as such? This course interrogates suchcommonsense beliefs and asks how is it that we determine a criminal act is a 'hate crime'?It is the position of this course that 'hate crime' is a highly contested and politicized term.This is not to say that 'hate crime' is a fictionalized and merely politicized notion. Rather,that 'hate crime', like many other criminal justice issues, is experienced and negotiated in apolitical, as well as a criminolegal, field. As a result, the readings of this course representnot only the criminal justice aspects of 'hate crime' but also its political, sociological, andpsychological dimensions. Criminal justice materials and literatures are supplemented bycritical literatures on discrimination and interpersonal violence and by popular media suchas websites and newspaper articles. While the course emphasizes the Canadian experienceof 'hate crime', it also draws on international incidents and their criminal justice responses.The course begins with the experiential aspect of hate crime. We examine the acts ofincitement and interpersonal violence themselves at the personal, psychological andsymbolic levels. A discussion of the concepts of 'hate' and 'crime' and their nexus issituated in an historical context of discrimination and violence against minorities. Issues ofdisproportionate harm are raised. As the notion of the political is raised, we turn to theformal aspects of hate crime: its legal definition and its criminal justice application. HereParliamentary debates and legal judgements are studied. The course concludes with acritical analysis of media representation. What is or is not represented as a 'hate crime'?How is it or is it not represented as a 'hate crime'?Requirements (tentative - will be confirmed in class)Take-home essay on assigned readings: 35%Website Analysis: 40%In-class Final Test: 25%TextsA course packet of readings will be available for purchase.11

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW389Y0 Topics in Criminology: Legal RightsDr. William WatsonShifts in the rights, freedoms and responsibilities of legal subjects in England and Canada,from the Medieval period to the present day. Close attention will be paid to recentdevelopments that challenge traditional doctrines.Prerequisites: NoneExclusion: NoneThe course is held in Oxford, England as part of the University of Toronto Summer AbroadProgram (http://summerabroad.utoronto.ca/), from August 2-30, 2009. It counts as a credittowards the major or specialist program in Criminology.Themes and FormatThe English legal system has recently adopted a number of innovations and proposals thathave not been tried in Canada, including new ideas in community policing, and new lawsregarding speech supporting terrorism and jury trials. In all these cases, there is a significantmodification of established legal doctrines regarding the relationship between the state and itssubjects. Canada has been at the forefront of other developments which modify thatrelationship, most notably in approaches to preventive detention and the punishment ofwomen offenders.Field trips: Excursions will include a visit to major criminal law and related landmarks inLondon, such as the Old Bailey, New Scotland Yard, and the Tower of London. Students willalso meet with Oxford community policing services, and criminologists at Leicester Universityinvolved in contributing to and analyzing the policies we will be discussing.12 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

Fall Session 2009 & Winter Session 2010WDW205H1 Introduction to Criminology (formerly WDW200Y1)Professor Scot WortleyAn introduction to the study of crime and criminal behaviour. The concept of crime, theprocess of law formation, and the academic domain of criminology. Theories of crimecausation, methodologies used by criminologists, and the complex relationship between crime,the media and modern politics. Not open to first year students.Prerequisites: Four full credits including one full credit in ECO/HIS/PHL/POL/SOC, and a CGPAof 2.5Exclusion: WDW200Y1Themes and FormatThis course is designed to introduce students to the study of crime and criminal behaviourThe course is divided into four distinct sections. The first section of the course will be used todefine the concept of crime and discuss the process of law formation. Emphasis will be placedon explaining why some behaviours are identified as “crimes” by the State and otherbehaviours avoid this label. The second section of this course will describe the academicdomain of criminology. Focus will be placed on reviewing the various methodologies used bycriminologists in their research and how these methodologies inform the development ofcriminological theory.The third - and largest -- section of the course is devoted to various theories of crimecausation. Lectures and readings provide an overview of the various ideas scholars havedeveloped to explain why some people engage in criminal behaviour and others do not. Thepolicy implications of various perspectives will be discussed. The final section of the coursewill explore three special topics that have received considerable attention from criminologistsover the past decade: 1) gender and crime; 2) age and crime; and 3) race/ethnicity and crime.Throughout the course, focus will be placed on the complex relationship between crime, themedia and modern politics. Specific lecture topics include: defining crime and the criminallaw; criminology and criminological research methods; rational-choice theories; biologicaltheories; economic/strain theories; social learning theories; social control theories; conflicttheories; integrated theories; gender and crime; age and crime; race/ethnicity and crime.RequirementsCourse evaluation will consist of a mid-term test, one written assignment and a final test.TextTo be announced in class.13

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW210H1 Criminal Justice (formerly WDW200Y1)Professor Anthony DoobAn introduction to the Canadian criminal justice system. The institutions established bygovernment to respond to crime and control it; how they operate, and the larger functionthey serve; including the role of the police, the trial process, courts and juries, sentencing,imprisonment and community corrections.Prerequisite: WDW205H1Exclusion: WDW200Y1Themes and FormatCanada's criminal justice system can be seen as being comprised of a set of loosely linkedorganizations set up by the federal, provincial, and municipal governments to respond tocrime. These organizations have explicit functions defined, typically, in legislation.Nevertheless, the manner in which they operate is, only in the broadest sense, described bylegislation. And the purposes that the various parts of the system serve are themselvesoften contested. This course will examine these institutions in the context of Canadianand international research. The goal of the course is to understand not only how theseinstitutions operate, but to understand the larger functions that they serve.This course will, then, examine the manner in which the criminal justice system in Canadaoperates, going beyond the simple description that is often offered. For that reason, wewill be focusing on a wide range of different types of research findings - from Canada andfrom elsewhere in the world - that should help provide a more complete picture of theoperation of the Canadian criminal justice system and, to some extent, how it is similar to,and sometimes quite different from, the systems that operate in other countries.Specific topics covered in the course will include the following: policing; bail and pretrialprocesses; courts and juries; the role of defence counsel, the crown attorney, and thejudge; sentencing; dangerousness in criminal law; corrections - imprisonment andcommunity corrections; conditional release; the youth justice system; approaches to thecontrol of crime.RequirementsThere will be a mid-term test, a final exam, and one or two short essays on specific topicsassigned in the course.TextsTo be announced in class.The material in the assigned textbook will form the background for the material that willbe covered in lectures. Hence, there will be relatively little overlap between lectures andthe textbook.14 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW220Y1 Introduction to Criminal Law and ProcedureProfessor Ron Levi & Breese DaviesAn introduction to criminal law and the criminal process. The basic principles of Canadiancriminal law and criminal procedure, including the scope of criminal law andcriminalization and the aims and rules of criminal procedure. The purposes, aims, and scopeof criminal law, elements of criminal liability, including defences to criminal charges, thegeneral characteristics of offences against the person, sexual offences, regulatory offences,and 'victimless offences.' An overview of elements of the criminal process, from policeinvestigations through trial and sentencing, and the implications of the Charter of Rightsand Freedoms for both substantive criminal law and criminal procedure.Co-or Prerequisite: WDW205H & WDW210H or WDW200Y1Themes and FormatThis course will provide students interested in criminology and legal studies with agrounding in Canadian criminal law and criminal procedure. The course will explore centralconcepts in substantive criminal law, including basic principles of liability and theoperation of defences, as well as critiques and proposed reforms. We will then turn to thecriminal process, during which we will focus on the role of different state actors andinstitutions, the role of law in regulating their activities, and studies of their function inadministering and enforcing the criminal law. The focus of the course will be onunderstanding the principles that govern criminal law and its administration. In addition toreading primary legal materials, students will engage with research and analyticalperspectives on the origins, goals, functioning, and limits of criminal law and procedure.RequirementsA short paper will be required in the first term and will be worth 10% of the final grade.There will be a mid-term assignment in December worth 25% of the final grade. In thesecond term, there will be a required term paper worth 30% of the final grade, and a finalexam worth 35% of the final grade.TextsTo be announced first day of class.15

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW 300H1 Crime: Theory and PolicyProfessor Matthew LightMajor social and political theories of crime, law and justice. The origins of central ideasthat influence criminological theory, seen in an historical context. Students are encouragedto develop the analytical skills needed to think critically about criminal justice issues.Prerequisites: An average of at least 70% in WDW 200Y & WDW220Y combined, and aCGPA of 2.5.This is a limited enrolment course with an “AE” enrolment indicator. Students request thecourse on the SWS by July 21. The selection of students into this course takes place by July31. Before this time, students' timetables will show an “interim” status for this course. Thedepartment reviews the interim list and determines which students qualify. Studentsrequesting this course are advised to select an alternative course until the status of theirenrolment is confirmed. On or before August 1, you should check your status in the courseon the SWS; it will be either APP (approved) or REF (refused).Themes and FormatIf criminology could be described as the interdisciplinary study of criminal phenomena, thiscourse seeks to add to students' understanding of those phenomena by exposing them tothe ways in which major philosophers and social scientists have interpreted them. Thecourse does not seek to convince students that criminology really is a science and that anyparticular theoretical framework is the correct one: on the contrary, it seeks to developstudents' ability to think for themselves. Thinking for oneself, however, involves more thanhaving opinions. It involves being aware of the origins, history and implications of one'sfavourite theories. It is precisely this awareness that this course seeks to foster.The course will be organized largely historically, but at each stage we will pause to reflecton the ways in which certain 'old' explanations and theories have survived, often in adifferent form, into the present day. Early in the course we will examine different scholarlyexplanations concerning the origin of criminal law. We will also consider how selectedreligious thinkers have understood the justification for criminal sanctions. Later, we willcover the influence of the Enlightenment on criminal law, including Hobbes' socialcontract theory and Beccaria's reformist approach to punishment. We then look at thecontrasting approaches to criminal law taken by several major nineteenth- and twentiethcenturysocial science theorists, notably Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Foucault.Throughout the course it will be emphasized that 'crime' cannot be treated as a distinctphenomenon, since views about crime and practices of criminal justice have always beenrooted in the fundamental question of social order. And theories about how to achieve andmaintain social order are not the prerogative of academics or criminal justice officials:everyone has a stake in social order, and hence everyone has views on the topic of 'crime'.The aim of this course is thus to provide students with the necessary tools with which toanalyze the current dominant views and to develop more informed perspectives. Theformat will consist of lectures and class discussions, with some opportunities for studentpresentations.Requirements & TextsTo be announced in class.16 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW335H1Dena DemosPolicingA theoretical framework is developed to examine the nature of policing, its structure andfunction. Attention is given to the history of policing and to its public and private forms.An examination of the objectives and domain, as well as the strategies, powers, andauthority of contemporary policing; including decision-making, wrong-doing,accountability, and the decentralization of policing.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220YThemes and FormatThis course is designed as a survey of key developments, themes and issues in the study of'policing'. It focuses historically on the various ways in which the task of 'policing' hasbeen thought about, legitimized and organized, in terms of its objectives, institutionalarrangements, and strategies. Attention is given to key issues and developments in publicpolicing and private policing, but also other forms of policing occurring outside traditionalinstitutional boundaries.This course is designed to provide students with a basic theoretical framework for locatingkey empirical developments in policing, evolving from contexts of modern state andsociety to late modern or post-welfarist concepts. Throughout the course, students will beencouraged to question commonplace assumptions about policing and crime and developthe capacities to not only evaluate competing perspectives in the study of policing, butalso to understand the implications of these perspectives for social and criminal justicepolicy. While theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence from the United Kingdom,Australia and the United States will be considered, the focus of the course will be distinctlyCanadian.RequirementsPolicing and Media Reflection paper (10%)Midterm test (25%)Research essay (40%)Final examination (25%)TextsA course reader is available at the University of Toronto Bookstore. Additional requiredreadings are available online.18 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW340H1 PenologyDr. William WatsonThe study of punishment from historical, philosophical and sociological perspectives, with afocus on contemporary Canadian policy issues. Topics covered include penal theory, prisonsand noncarceral forms of punishment, and the goals of penal reform.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220YThemes and FormatPunishment can be defined as intentional infliction of suffering on a person in response toperceived wrongdoing. Penal theorists describe punishment as serving a number ofpurposes. This course is primarily concerned with court-ordered punishments administeredby the state, or by private agencies on behalf of the state, with a focus on Canada.Consideration will be given to punishments which occur outside the criminal justicesystem, wider forms of social regulation, and various kinds of state action not undertakenas punishment but perhaps very similar, such as incarceration for a person's 'own good' andsome forms of clinical psychological treatment.The philosophical, historical and sociological analyses of punishment will be used toilluminate contemporary issues affecting the Canadian penal system, including: thesituations of women prisoners and prisoners from visible, ethnic and religious minorities;contemporary just deserts theory and the challenge to rehabilitation and correctionalpsychology; the parole system; indefinite sentences for dangerous offenders; privatizationof punishments; movements for radical reform; and the establishment of distinct FirstNations systems for dealing with offenders.RequirementsTwo take home assignments, the first worth 10%, the second 40%; two in-class tests (onehour essays), each worth 25%.TextsA set of readings will be available from the University of Toronto Bookstore.19

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW343H1 Comparative Criminal JusticeProfessor Matthew LightCriminal justice issues outside Canada, based on a variety of international and historicalstudies. The evolution of criminal justice systems in Western Europe, including the Englishadversarial and continental European inquisitorial approaches. A comparison of policing,criminal procedure, forms of punishment, and crime rates in the contemporary world.Prerequisite: WDW200Y1, WDW220Y1Exclusion: WDW393H1 in 2008-09Themes and FormatThe course will examine selected issues in criminal justice outside Canada, based on avariety of international and historical case studies. We begin with a survey of theevolution of criminal justice systems in Western Europe from ancient Rome through theearly modern period, with attention to the divergence between the English “accusatorial”and continental “inquisitorial” approaches. We continue with a survey of policing, criminalprocedure, and methods of adjudication in the contemporary world, with particularemphasis on contemporary “post-inquisitorial” systems. Class meetings will also bedevoted to a comparison of trends in crime rates and punishment around the world. Thecourse will conclude with case studies of criminal justice, law enforcement, and the secretpolice in the former Soviet Bloc (the Soviet Union, post-Soviet Russia, and the former EastGermany).RequirementsAttendance: 5 percentMidterm: 25 percentTake-home essay: 30 percentFinal Examination: 40 percentTextsTo be announced in class.20 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW 350H1 Research Methods in CriminologyProfessor Anthony DoobAn introduction to social science research methods used by criminologists. Anunderstanding of the strengths and weaknesses of published criminological research isdeveloped. Specific technical issues such as sampling and measurement are taught in thecontext of examining alternative ways of answering research questions.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220Y1Exclusions: SOC200Y1, SOC200H, WDW350Y1Themes and FormatSocial science methods can be thought of as being tools to answer questions. If one isinterested in understanding whether a question has been adequately answered, one has tounderstand the process by which a researcher arrived at an answer. In criminology, anumber of methods are used which are similar to those used in other social sciences.However, the issues that arise, and the specific problems that criminological researchersface are, to some extent, specific to the criminological questions that are being asked. Forexample, many of the problems of measurement in criminology cannot be adequatelyunderstood without understanding something about crime and the criminal justice system.The course will address the manner in which criminological research is carried outbeginning at the point where a research question is formulated. Alternative ways ofanswering questions will be explored. A fair amount of the time will be spent inunderstanding the strengths and weaknesses of published criminological research. Specifictechnical issues of sampling, measurement, statistical inference, etc., will be taught in thecontext of answering research questions. Students who complete the course should have abetter understanding of criminological research and they should be more intelligent“consumers” of criminological research.RequirementsThere will probably be three tests, and two written critiques of published work. The exacttiming and weighting of these will be determined.TextsIt is likely that the text book will be Palys, Ted and Atchison, Chris (2008). ResearchDecisions: Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives (Fourth Edition). Thomson Publishing.21

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW360H1 Law and PsychiatryDr. William WatsonThe increasing involvement of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals in thecriminal justice system over the past one hundred and fifty years, including contemporaryCanadian practices. Emphasis is placed on understanding and evaluating competinginterpretations of this phenomenon.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220YThemes and FormatDuring the last 200 years, psychiatrists and other mental health professionals have come toplay pivotal roles in the criminal justice system, assessing and treating defendants andprisoners for psychiatric disorders, and providing a broader range of interventions fornondisordered offenders. These involvements transformed the broader criminal justicesystem, and despite contemporary moves towards a system of punishment based onproportional retribution, mental health ideas continue to inform criminal justice practices.This course aims to describe the history and current forms of the involvement of mentalhealth professionals with the criminal justice system. Specific issues of practice will bediscussed, including civil commitment, fitness to stand trial, the not criminally responsibleon account of mental disorder defence, clinical diagnosis of mentally disordered offenders,psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation, and dangerousness prediction. These issues will bediscussed both from the perspective of practitioners and through relevant criticalcriminological literature. In addition, a number of specific topics will be covered, includingthe relationship between mental disorder and crime, the impact of de-institutionalizationpolicies, and the situations of women, ethnic minority, juvenile and intellectuallyhandicapped mentally disordered offenders.RequirementsThree in class tests (one hour essays), the first worth 5% and the second and third worth25% each; a term paper plan (5%); and one term paper of approximately 10 double-spacedpages (40%).TextsA set of readings will be available from the University of Toronto Bookstore.22 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW365H1 Crime and MindDr. William WatsonLegal, psychological and sociological understandings of issues in the criminal justicesystem, through a consideration of topics including: criminal intent, the insanity defence,the concept of 'psychopathy', the use of 'battered woman syndrome' as part of a selfdefencedefence, issues of transcultural psychiatry, and jury screening for bias.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220YThemes and FormatContemporary judges, juries and legal theorists are required to consider a variety ofdifferent kinds of theory and data when dealing with individual cases, and more generalissues of criminal law. Where cases or issues turn on the mental elements required forcriminal conviction, competing theories of Mind may have to be comparatively evaluated.These include traditional legal concepts of voluntary and rational intent, individualpsychological explanations of thought and action, and sociological understandings whichhighlight both the social context in which 'criminal' action occurs and the social context inwhich courts make their determinations. The purpose of this course is to explore thecomplexity of comparatively evaluating these competing conceptions.The course begins with a general consideration of the different orientations, and thenproceeds through 'case studies' of six issues: criminal intent, the insanity defence, theconcept of 'psychopathy,' the use of 'battered woman syndrome' as part of a self-defencedefence to a charge of murder or attempted murder, issues in transcultural psychiatry, andjury screening for bias.RequirementsThree in-class tests (one hour essays), the first worth 5% and the second and third worth25% each; a term paper plan (5%); and one term paper of approximately 10 double-spacedpages (40%).TextsA set of readings will be available from the University of Toronto Bookstore.23

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW370H1Dena DemosYouth JusticeAdministration of the youth justice system in Canada. The Youth Criminal Justice Actprovides a legal framework for considering individual rights, the protection of society, andthe welfare of young people. An analysis of legal principles and practices at various stagesin the youth justice process. Policy issues and proposals for reform.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220YThemes and FormatThe major theme of the course is the tension in the legislation and the youth justicesystem among competing principles related to legal rights, the welfare of the young personand the protection of society. This tension is highlighted in the analysis of the law andpractice at key decision points in the youth justice process, including arrest, extrajudicialmeasures, pre-trial detention and sentencing. The tension among the principles is alsofundamental to the discussion of policy issues that have been the focus of reformers fordecades, such as: what should be the minimum age of criminal responsibility? what shouldbe the maximum age to be considered a young offender? when should alternatives to theformal court process be used? when is it appropriate to incarcerate young offenders?The course involves a combination of lectures and class discussion. Youth court cases andhypothetical fact situations are often used as the focus of discussion. If possible, a guestlecture by a youth court judge, prosecutor or defence lawyer is part of the course.RequirementsWritten assignment (15%); mid-term test (25%); research paper (35%); and a final test(25%).TextsBala, N. Youth Criminal Justice Law (Irwin Law, 2003).Doob, A. and Cesaroni, C. Responding to Youth Crime in Canada (Toronto: University ofToronto Press, 2004).A set of additional readings will be available from the University of Toronto Bookstore.24 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW375H1 Young OffendersProfessor William O'GradyHistorical and contemporary definitions of illegal conduct by young persons. The natureand extent of youth crime, and an analysis of theories which attempt to explain it.Assessment of the effectiveness of treatment and other strategies for preventing andresponding to youth crime.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220YThemes and FormatThis course is designed to introduce the student to selected topics on young offenders inCanada. The course will cover the theories and principles of how the criminal justicesystem deals with young people in conflict with the law, the nature and extent of youthcrime, and various theories which attempt to explain it. We will attempt to understandspecial issues in dealing with school violence, youth gangs, young female offenders, racialminority and aboriginal youth.Class time will integrate material from lectures, videos and guest lectures. Particularemphasis will be placed on applying the special principles and theories of offending byyoung people into the more concrete policy issues which arise.RequirementsMid-term test (35%)Term paper (40%)Final in-class test (25%)TextsTo be announced.25

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW380H1 Crime and GenderProfessor Rosemary GartnerTheory, research, and policy related to the ways in which gender shapes criminal behaviourand responses to it by the criminal justice system. How notions of different types ofmasculinity and femininity are embedded in and influence both the operation of thecriminal justice system as well as criminal behaviours.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220YThemes and FormatThis course examines crime and criminal justice as gendered phenomena; and explores hownotions of different types of masculinity and femininity are embedded in and influencecriminal behaviour, the operation of the criminal justice system, and our understandings ofboth. An important theme in the course is that focusing on gender and gendered processesis not simply about studying women, because gender is a relational concept, and both menand women are gendered. Course readings and lectures draw from historical andcontemporary research and from a variety of theoretical perspectives, some of whichpresent very different - and at times conflicting - ways to think about the relationshipbetween gender, crime and criminal justice. Students are encouraged to think criticallyabout - and to consider the strengths and limitations of - all of the perspectives covered inthe course.The class will primarily consist of lectures and class discussion, with occasional guestspeakers and films. Students should come to class prepared to participate in discussionsabout the assigned readings.RequirementsA mid-term exam, worth 25%; two in-class quizzes, worth 10%; an essay applying coursethemes to a movie, worth 30%; and a final exam, worth 35%.TextsA package of photocopied readings will be available for purchase.26 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW383H1 Immigration and CrimeProfessor Sandra BuceriusThe connection between immigration and crime, the effect of immigration on crime rates,discrimination against immigrants, the representation of immigrants in crime statistics,public perception of risk and security, and criminal justice policy changes which affectimmigration. We consider research conducted in Canada, the United States, Germany andthe Netherlands.Prerequisite: WDW200Y1, WDW220YExclusion: WDW390H1 in 2008Themes and FormatWhether or not an immigrant-crime connexus exists has been a long discussed topic incriminology. Though European welfare states seem to face disproportionally high crimerates among second generation immigrants, many research efforts in other countries haveshown that immigrants are not involved in more crimes than native-born people. In fact,recent findings show that immigrants contribute to a decrease of the over all crime rate.In the public mind, however, the post 9/11 period has illuminated immigration and religionin the context of terrorism. As a result, many countries have begun to control immigrationin the name of safeguarding their nations against terrorism. At the same time, religiousprofiling and discrimination - especially against Muslim immigrants - seem to beincreasing.This course will explore whether the public perception that immigrants are more prone tocrime (and terrorism) is actually true. We will analyze the links between immigration andcrime by looking at studies performed in Canada, the United States, Germany, and theNetherlands. The course will not only explore if and why immigrants commit more crimes,but will also look at the victimization of immigrants in the discussed countries. Moreover,by looking at the examples of Germany, and the Netherlands, we will carefully analyze whysecond generation immigrants seem to be overrepresented in criminal statistics.The course will consist mainly of lectures and class discussions. Students should come toclass having read all required materials and should be prepared to engage in classdiscussions.RequirementsA short paper (4 pages) worth 15% of the final grade; a midterm exam worth 30% thatwill cover the readings and lectures; a research paper (7-9 pages) worth 30%, and a finalexam worth 25%.TextsA course reading package prepared by the instructor will be available at the UofTbookstore.27

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW387H1 Legal Regulation of MoralityProfessor Mariana ValverdeMoral regulation through criminal law, and the role of legal texts and procedures inpromoting certain values while marginalizing others. The decriminalization ofhomosexuality and abortion, the censorship of pornography, the key role of administrativelaw mechanisms, and the transformation from direct to indirect forms of regulation.Prerequisite: UNI255H1/256H1 or WDW200Y1 & WDW220Y1Exclusion: WDW391H1 in 2002Themes and FormatDespite the decriminalization of some activities in recent years (homosexuality, abortion),moral and cultural norms continue to be embedded in legal texts and practices. This coursewill examine how law imagines and manages the 'risks' of immorality, focusing mainly butnot exclusively on questions of embodiment and sexuality. The main theme of the coursewill be the shift from the direct regulation of bodily acts and personal behaviour to themore indirect regulation of morality through categories such as 'harm to society'. Studentswill learn to analyze legal texts and legal processes but from an interdisciplinaryperspective, not from the point of view of legal doctrine.Students should note that in this course the lectures will rarely repeat or even explain thereadings. This is not a textbook-based first year course. There is a complementaritybetween readings and lectures, but attendance at lectures is extremely important becausemuch material presented in class is not contained in the readings. Some lecture notes willbe made available on Blackboard, but all class discussions (along with films, guest speakersetc) are relevant and important for doing assignments, and not just the final test. Studentswho due to work or other commitments know they will miss a number of lectures shouldprobably not take this course.RequirementsReflections on course readings (50%)Research Paper (20%)Final Test (30%)TextsOne required text, Alan Hyde, Bodies of Law [book available at Toronto Women's Bookstore,Harbord St. just west of Spadina, about $30]. 2) The articles that are compulsory reading[see syllabus] are all available through the U of T Library website, so please download andprint these. 3) A small package of additional readings (book excerpts) will also be sold,details TBA.28 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW391H1 Topics in Criminology: Race, Colonialism and ViolenceLysandra MarshallTopics vary from year to year, but the objective of the course is to explore emerging issuesin Criminology, and their social, legal, ethical and political implications.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220Y1Themes and FormatThis course uses internationally recognized classic readings, such as the work of EdwardSaid, Frantz Fanon and Hannah Arendt, to understand recent colonial violence; forexample, Canada's 'missing' aboriginal women, the 'war on terror' (including Abu Graiband Guantanomo Bay), and Canadian 'peacekeeping' (the genocide in Rwanda and the'Somalia Affair'). By the end of the course, students will be able to analyze contemporaryjustice issues using a variety of postcolonial concepts and theories. Additional topics in thecourse will consider (and problematize) 'historical' violence - such as the appropriation ofaboriginal land, lynching, slavery, and the Holocaust. The overall objective of the course isto build on postcolonial scholarship and locate both race and violence within processes ofcolonization and the white settler societies that have resulted from colonialism, withparticular emphasis on Canada, but also using materials from the U.S., Australia and NewZealand. The course takes a broad view of violence that includes (but is not limited to)criminal, structural, corporate, and state violence. In sum, students will learn how tointerpret and critically analyze current racialized issues- for example, Native land claims,racial profiling, and Canada's security certificates- within the historical and/or colonialcontexts from which they arise.RequirementsPresentation (15%); Discussion questions (10%); Class participation (10%); Reaction paper(15%); Research paper (50%)TextsA package of photocopied readings will be available for purchase, along with several booksincluded on the reading list.29

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW 393H1Anita LamTopics in Criminology: The Criminological ImaginationTopics vary from year to year, but the objective of the course is to explore emerging issuesin Criminology, and their social, legal, ethical and political implications.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220Y1Exclusion: WDW385H1Themes and FormatContemporary culture's preoccupation with the detection and punishment of crime andcriminals extends beyond the criminal justice system and into popular culture. Academiccriminological work has informed us of the realities of crime and criminal justice, but thisresearch has not penetrated into the popular imagination to the same extent as certainnon-academic representations of crime and justice. While cultural constructions of crime,disorder, dangerousness and risk are integral parts of the criminal justice process, oftenprovoking fear and inspiring strategies of control and prevention, they also entertain.Bearing in mind that entertaining representations also implicitly inform the public, thiscourse will examine the following questions: how do we imagine “crime” and “criminal,”and what effects do these images have? How do these images implicitly encapsulaterepresentations of a particular law, order and authority? What types of knowledge areassumed by imagining crime and/or law in such a way? This course will offer a number ofanalytical tools developed within cultural studies, social semiotics, media studies, andsociology to answer these questions. It will primarily consist of lectures and classdiscussions, punctuated by student presentations and the screening of film/television clips.RequirementsAnalysis of newspaper coverage of crime and/or police work (20%); analysis of officialpolice representations (25%); research paper (40%); participation marks (15%).TextsValverde, M. Law and Order: Images, Meaning, Myths (Routledge-Cavendish, 2006). Acourse reading package prepared by the instructor will also be available at the Universityof Toronto bookstore.30 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW394H1Dena DemosTopics in Criminology: Managing DissentTopics vary from year to year, but the objective of the course is to explore emerging issuesin Criminology, and their social, legal, ethical and political implications.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220Y1Themes and FormatWhich individuals and groups have been identified as 'threats' to national security, andwhat have been some of the consequences of this identification? This course will examinelaws around dissent and the way in which the state - as the centre of security discourse -has defined and dealt with dissent. It is structured as a survey-style course and is designedto familiarize students with the historical operation of the law in its social, legal, culturaland political contexts. It will provide students with the critical tools to assess the ways inwhich the Canadian state has defined security and taken measures to maintain securityagainst 'threats' and 'enemies' and will introduce students to critical ideas about the waysin which law governs social behaviour.This course will examine the use of state legal and/or extra-legal power to counter 'threatsto security.' We will begin by examining scholarly trajectories around the study of nationalsecurity and the ways in which discourses around threats to security have been deployed.From there, we will move to look at examples of specific state responses to activities suchas insurrection and rebellion, labour unrest, political opposition, religious dissent, studentradicalism, terrorist activity, and popular protest. Through the prism of national securitymeasures, this course will endeavour to closely examine several related areas including: theuse of law as an ideological force; the incongruity between formal claims invoked aboutthe law (for example its 'impartiality'), and discretionary repressive practices; the ways inwhich race and ethnicity, economic and class conflict, gender and sexuality and politicshave overlapped.RequirementsTo be announced in class.TextsTo be announced in class.31

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW415H1 Crime and PoliticsProfessor Peter SolomonAn advanced seminar examining the development of criminal justice and penal policies inCanada, the United States, Western Europe and Russia; the way authorities in thosecountries define and manage political deviance, and the intrusion of politics into theadministration of justice, especially in non-democratic settings.Prerequisites: An average of at least 75% in four full WDW Criminology credits, and aCGPA of at least 3.0.This is a graduate seminar to which a small number of senior undergraduates may beadmitted with special permission. Students requesting this course are advised to select analternative undergraduate course until the status of their enrolment is confirmed. Enrolmentrequests must be received by the Program Office no later than July 21.Themes and FormatSpecific topics include: the nature of criminal policy-making; the symbolic dimension ofcriminal law; the causes of innovations in penal policy; the role in policy-making of policyanalysts in government and of criminologists; the varieties of political deviance; politicaljustice and policing; criminal justice in non-democratic settings; Soviet criminal justice;and the reform of criminal justice in post-Soviet states.RequirementsStudents will be expected to read and be prepared to discuss the required readings eachsession. In addition, every student will choose at least one session in which he or she has aparticular interest and take on some extra responsibility. Usually, this will mean readingone or two items in addition to the required readings and being ready to bring them intodiscussion. In some instances, the student might lead the discussion of one of the requireditems. Taken as a whole, class participation will count for one third of the final grade.Written work for the course will consist of one essay (15-20 pages, typed) counting fortwo-thirds of the final grade. Students will be urged to try one of the following kinds oftopics: (1) a study of the political history of a reform or attempted reform in criminaljustice or penal policy in Canada or elsewhere; or (2) a brief written by you as a consultantto a government minister on a particular policy problem, which makes recommendations,relates them to available research findings, and takes into account political feasibility. Butother topics are also acceptable (e.g., dealing with the political deviance or Soviet criminaljustice or politics in the administration of justice), as long as they relate to the course. Allspecific paper topics must be cleared with the instructor.TextsA broad range of articles and chapters in books written by historians, sociologists, politicalscientists and legal scholars. Most will be on reserve at the Criminology Centre library.32 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW425H1 International Criminal LawProfessor Ron LeviAn advanced seminar focusing on the legal and conceptual framework for responding tostate violence, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, and the challenges faced byvarious international legal institutions. The history of international criminal prosecutions,substantive international criminal law, and legal doctrines of sovereign immunity anduniversal jurisdiction are examined.Prerequisites: An average of at least 75% in four full WDW Criminology credits, and aCGPA of at least 3.0.This is a limited enrolment course with an “AE” enrolment indicator. Students request thecourse on the SWS by July 21. The selection of students into this course takes place by July31. Before this time, students' timetables will show an “interim” status for this course. Thedepartment reviews the interim list and determines which students qualify. Studentsrequesting this course are advised to select an alternative course until the status of theirenrolment is confirmed. On or before August 1, you should check your status in the courseon the SWS; it will be either APP (approved) or REF (refused).Themes and FormatThis course is an introduction to international criminal law, and to the various institutionsthat have been developed for responding to state violence and war crimes. The course willbegin by covering the relationship between international criminal law, human rights law,and humanitarian law, with an emphasis on defining the purpose and objectives ofinternational criminal law. The course will examine the historical origins of internationalcriminal law and of institutions designed to adjudicate state violence and war crimes: thiswill include readings on the emergence of international criminal tribunals andprosecutions, but also readings on other legal models such as political amnesties, nationaltrials, and truth commissions. Much of the course will then focus on international criminalprosecutions, with an emphasis on the legal bases for these prosecutions, the socialorganization of this field of law, and the development of substantive international criminallaw (including the crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity). Readings will includelegal judgments and trial transcripts from current and past international criminal tribunals,as well as social science research articles that provide insight into how this legal field isstructured, comparisons between different legal responses to war crimes, the relativeefficacy of different legal institutions, and the symbolic value that different legalapproaches might offer for victims and for states. Because of the nature of the topic,readings will provide students with some background on a range of war crimes and relatedforms of state violence, while generally focusing on the legal and institutional responsesthat have been developed to adjudicate and document atrocities.RequirementsStudents will be expected to read the material before every class, and to discuss thematerial in class. Course requirements include brief reading assignments and the discussionof these in class (15%), a seminar presentation (20%), a written essay or book review(40%), and a take-home assignment that engages with course materials (25%).TextsTo be announced first day of class.33

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookWDW480H1 Interpersonal ViolenceProfessor Rosemary GartnerThe meaning, purposes and sources of interpersonal violence, including an examination ofdebates over defining and documenting violence, and a review of the research on therelationships between illegitimate, interpersonal violence and state-approved or stateinitiatedviolence. Cultural, social and individual correlates of interpersonal violence; law'sviolence; and how violence is justified and denied.Prerequisites: An average of at least 75% in four full WDW Criminology credits, and aCGPA of at least 3.0Exclusion: WDW400H1 in 2004-2006This is a limited enrolment course with an “AE” enrolment indicator. Students request thecourse on the SWS by July 21. The selection of students into this course takes place by July31. Before this time, students' timetables will show an “interim” status for this course. Thedepartment reviews the interim list and determines which students qualify. Studentsrequesting this course are advised to select an alternative course until the status of theirenrolment is confirmed. On or before August 1, you should check your status in the courseon the SWS; it will be either APP (approved) or REF (refused).Themes and FormatThis course takes up a number of issues about violence, but is not intended as a surveycourse on violent crime, its causes and control. The focus of much of the course isinterpersonal violence, but many of the readings draw connections among several forms ofviolence, such as state-approved, state-initiated, and illegitimate interpersonal violence. Webegin by discussing how different disciplines define and study violence. The sources,purposes, and meaning of violence are discussed in sections on biosocial perspectives, therationality of violence, honour and violence, and the attractions of violence. Other topicscovered include masculinity, femininity and violence; torture and terrorism; and the law'sviolence.Requirements25% will be based on class participation, which will be judged by: 1) attendance,preparation for class (completing assigned readings and coming to class prepared to discussthem), and participation in class discussion; and 2) four sets of discussion questions (1 pageeach) for four classes of your choosing.10% will be based on 10-minute class presentation on one of the supplementary readingsfor one class session. 35% will be based on either a 10-12 page (or 2500-3000 word)book review; or three four- page (maximum) reaction papers for three classes of yourchoosing. 30% will be based on either a final, essay exam to be given during the finalexam period; or a final essay on the topic of your choosing.TextA package of photocopied readings will be available for purchase.34 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

WDW395H1Independent StudyIndependent study under the direction of a Criminology faculty member. Approval of theUndergraduate Coordinator is required. It is the responsibility of the student to propose anindependent study topic, and obtain the agreement of an instructor who is willing tosupervise the project.Prerequisites: WDW200Y1, WDW220Y1WDW396H1/397Y1 Research ParticipationCredit course for supervised participation in a faculty research project. Offered only when afaculty member is willing and available to supervise. Available to students only uponinvitation by a faculty member. Open only to third and fourth year students enrolled in aCriminology program.Prerequisites: Completion of at least nine full courses. A CGPA of at least 3.0 isrecommended. Approval of the Program Director is required.WDW450H1Criminology Research ProjectAn individual research project under the direction of a Criminology faculty member.Approval of the Undergraduate Coordinator is required. It is the responsibility of thestudent to propose a research topic, and obtain the agreement of an instructor who iswilling to supervise the project.Prerequisites: WDW300H1, WDW350Y1, enrolment in the Criminology Specialist program.Students who have completed other research methodology courses such asSOC200Y1/PSY201H1&202H1 may also apply.Where to obtain Research and Independent Study FormsProgram Office, Room 236Woodsworth CollegeThe form is also available on the Criminology web site at www.wdw.utoronto.ca.Due DatesOne week prior to the start of classes.35

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookInstructor ProfilesSandra Bucerius is Assistant Professor of Criminology at the University of Toronto. Shereceived her B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Frankfurt. For five years ProfessorBucerius conducted ethnographic and qualitative research on a gang of fifty-five young malesecond generation Muslim migrants who specialized in drug trafficking in Frankfurt, Germany.She is currently working on the monograph of her ethnographic research. Her future researchwill analyze comparatively the situation of second generation Muslims in Germany and theNetherlands; and examine the links between social integration, discrimination and informalpolitics. In addition, she wants to analyze the complex relationship between immigration andcrime in Toronto. Her publications include "What else should I do - Cultural Influences on theDrug Trade of Young Migrants in Germany" in the Journal of Drug Issues, 37 (3); and"Skinheads and Immigrant Gangs in Germany" in Encyclopedia on Gangs, edited by David C.Brotherton & Louis Kontos, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.Breese Davies received her B.A., M.A. and LL.B. degrees from the University of Toronto. Ms.Davies is an Adjunct Professor at Woodsworth College and a partner in the firm Di LucaCopeland Davies LLP, sspecializing in criminal defence work. She is involved in Avocatssans frontières doing volunteer work in Nigeria. She served as President of the Board ofDirectors of the Elizabeth Fry Society of Toronto. She is one of the authors of Sentencing(6th edition, with C. Ruby, J. Copeland, D. Doucette and R. Litkowski, 2004) and Wilson onChildren and the Law (with Jeffery Wilson), and serves as Assistant Editor of CanadianRights Reporter and is co-editor of For the Defence magazine.Dena Demos received her BA (Political Science) and MA (Criminology) from the Universityof Toronto. She worked as a Researcher for the Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor Generaland Correctional Services and other provincial ministries before enrolling in the Ph.D.program at the Centre of Criminology (University of Toronto). Her doctoral researchexamines the role of public inquiries and other investigative committees as techniques ofhegemonic renegotiation following ideological disruptions. Her academic interests includenational security legislation, laws regarding speech supporting terrorism, policing publicorder, innovations in community policing, the use of deadly force, deaths while in policecustody, and youth justice policy in Canada. Most recently she wrote several backgroundreports for the Ipperwash Inquiry's Research Advisory Committee including “Policing inOntario: A Profile of the OPP.” She has taught in the Criminology program since 2005.Anthony N. Doob received his A.B. from Harvard University and his Ph.D. from StanfordUniversity. He is Professor of Criminology at the University of Toronto. His major researchinterests centre around youth crime and the youth justice system and the operation of thecriminal courts. Recent publications include: Webster, Cheryl Marie and Anthony N. Doob(2007) Punitive Trends and Stable Imprisonment Rates in Canada. Crime and Justice: AReview of Research. Webster, Cheryl Marie, Anthony N. Doob and Franklin E. Zimring (2006)Proposition 8 and Crime Rates in California: The Case of the Disappearing Deterrent.Criminology and Public Policy. Doob, Anthony N. and Carla Cesaroni. (2004) Responding toYouth Crime in Canada. University of Toronto Press; Webster, Cheryl Marie and Anthony N.Doob. (2004) Classification Without Validity or Equity: An Empirical Examination of theCustody Rating Scale for Federally Sentenced Women Offenders in Canada. CanadianJournal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 46(4), 395-422; Doob, Anthony N. and CherylMarie Webster (2006) Countering Punitiveness: Understanding Forty Years of Stability inCanada's Rate of Imprisonment. Law & Society Review; Anthony N. and Cheryl MarieWebster (2003). Sentence Severity and Crime: Accepting the Null Hypothesis. Tonry,Michael (ed.) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Volume 30. Chicago: University ofChicago Press (pages 143-195).36 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

Rosemary Gartner received her B.A. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and herM.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She is Professor of Criminologyand Sociology at the University of Toronto. Her research interests include historical andcross-national variation in serious interpersonal violence, violence by and against women,and gender and punishment. She has published three books: Marking Time in the GoldenState: Women's Experiences of Imprisonment in California (with Candance Kruttschnitt);Murdering Holiness: The Trials of Franz Creffield and George Mitchell (with Jim Phillips);and Violence and Crime in Cross-National Perspective (with Dane Archer) and articles in anumber of journals, including American Sociological Review, Law and Society Review,Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Criminology, and Resources for FeministResearch. Among her current research projects are an analysis of homicide in two Canadiancities (Toronto and Vancouver) and two American cities (Buffalo and Seattle) over the 20thcentury; and a study of the experiences of violent victimization and offending of womenin conflict with the law.Anita Lam received her H.B.Sc. and M.A. degrees at the University of Toronto. She iscurrently a senior doctoral student at the Centre of Criminology at the University ofToronto, and has been a teaching assistant in the undergraduate Criminology programsince 2006. Her book reviews can be found on IASLonline. Anita's research interests includecultural criminology, law and film, legal consciousness, and studying the intersection ofpopular culture and media representations of crime. Her doctoral research examines theproduction of representations of crime and law in entertainment film and television. Overthe course of doing this research, she has served as a researcher for a Showcase televisionpilot. Anita's side research examines the process of test screening Hollywood films.Ron Levi is Assistant Professor of Criminology at the University of Toronto. Professor Leviholds law degrees in common law and civil law from McGill University. After completinghis master's degree in law at the University of Toronto, he completed his doctoral degree inlaw at the University of Toronto in 2003, and pursued graduate study in sociology atNorthwestern University. Professor Levi's work focuses on the sociology of law, with anemphasis on law and internationalization. Current research projects focus on: (1)international criminal law, human rights, and rule of law reform programs; (2) the degreeto which urban and criminal justice policies reflect the politics of modern states (such as'neoliberalism'); and (3) legal consciousness, through research on how young adultsexperience law, crime, citizenship and the state. Professor Levi is currently the DomainLeader for Justice, Policing and Security with the Ontario Metropolis Project. His recentarticles have appeared in journals such as British Journal of Criminology, Law and SocialInquiry, Social Forces, Criminology and Public Policy, and Osgoode Hall Law Journal.Matthew Light is Assistant Professor of Criminology at the University of Toronto. ProfessorLight is a specialist in post-Soviet Russian politics. His dissertation and post-doctoralresearch has focused on the regulation of migration, law enforcement, and religiousfreedom in contemporary Russia. He received his B.A. from Harvard, his M.A. from theUniversity of Chicago, his J.D. from Yale Law School, and his Ph.D. from Yale. Dr. Light'srecent publications include "Recognition, Control and Autonomy: Muslim Communities inTwo Regions of Russia" in Muslim Diversities: Communities and Contexts, edited by ChrisAllen; "The Geographic Expansion of Mexican Immigration in the United States and ItsImplications for Local Law Enforcement" in Law Enforcement Executive Forum, 8(1), withIvan H. Light; and "Survey of Politics in the Northwest Caucasus", published by theJamestown Foundation.37

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookAllyson M. Lunny received her B.A. from the University of Toronto, and two M.A.s from theUniversity of Western Ontario. Ms. Lunny is Assistant Professor at York University where sheteaches in the Law and Society Program. Her academic interests include hate crime, genderand crime, and the representation of crime. Her publications include “Provocation and'Homosexual' Advance: Masculinized Subjects as Threat, Masculinized Subjects UnderThreat” in Social and Legal Studies; “Heimlich Maneuvers: Freud's Analytic Seduction of theWolf Man” in GLQ: Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies; and “Bodies of Evidence: A Studyof the Operation of Belief and Disbelief in the Clarence Thomas-Anita Hill Hearings” in TheToronto Semiotic Circle Bulletin. Allyson Lunny has taught at the University of WesternOntario and Ryerson University, and has served as a teaching assistant and instructor in theundergraduate Criminology program at the University of Toronto since 1999.Lysandra Marshall received her BA in Sociology and Women's Studies from McGillUniversity, and her MA in Sociology from the University of Canterbury. Prior to beginningher doctorate, she worked as a statistician at Statistics New Zealand, developing ethnicclassifications for the 2001 and 2006 censuses. She also worked as a strategic crimeanalysis for the New Zealand Police. Lysandra is currently a senior doctoral student at theCentre of Criminology at the University of Toronto where she has served as a teachingassistant in the undergraduate Criminology program since September 2004. She worked asa research assistant on the Roots of Violence report commissioned by the Ontariogovernment, as well as engaging in research on immigration, marginalization, gangs, andhate crimes. She is also a research assistant at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health,where she is a member of a team analyzing data from a national survey on immigrantchildren's health. Lysandra's doctoral research examines racial profiling in Canada usingdata from the first data collection project on police stops in Canada. Her theoretical andacademic interests include critical race theory, cultural and postcolonial studies, racialprofiling, policing, immigration and race statistics.William L. O'Grady received his B.A. and M.A. from Carleton University, and his Ph.D. fromthe University of Toronto. His areas of academic interest include crime, marginal youth,homelessness and social exclusion. Dr. O'Grady is co-author (with Elliott Leyton and JamesOverton) of Violence and Public Anxiety: a Canadian Case (2000) and is the sole author ofCrime in Canadian Context: debates and controversies (2007) published by OxfordUniversity Press. He has also contributed to several book chapters and technical reports, themost recent of which (with Steve Gaetz) is The Missing Link: Discharge Planning andHomelessness (2006), The John Howard Society of Ontario. His research has also appearedin the following refereed journals (mostly co-authored): Sociology; The British Journal ofEducation and Work; The Canadian Journal of Criminology; Social Problems; Work,Employment and Society; Journal of Youth Studies; The Canadian Review of Social Policy;The Canadian Journal of Public Health; Tobacco Control and The Canadian Review ofSociology and Anthropology.Peter H. Solomon received his B.A. from Harvard University, and his M.A. and Ph.D. fromColumbia University. He is Professor of Political Science at the University of Toronto.Professor Solomon specializes in Soviet and post-Soviet politics and in the politics ofcriminal justice in various countries. He is the author of Soviet Criminologists and CriminalPolicy (1978), Criminal Justice Policy, From Research to Reform (1983), Soviet CriminalJustice under Stalin (1996); Courts and Transition in Russia: The Challenge of JudicialReform (with Todd Foglesong, 2000) and editor of Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864-1996(1997). His current research includes judicial and legal reform in contemporary Russia;courts, law and politics in authoritarian and transitional regimes; and the history ofcriminal justice in the USSR.38 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

Mariana Valverde received her B.A. from Brock University, and her M.A. and Ph.D. in Socialand Political Thought from York University. She is Professor of Criminology at the Universityof Toronto. Professor Valverde's research interests include criminal law and moral regulation,especially in relation to drinking and sexuality. Her main theoretical interests are Foucaultand governmentality, and contemporary social and legal theory, especially that influencedby Nietzsche and Derrida. Her publications include Sex, Power and Pleasure; The Age ofLight, Soap and Water: Moral Reform in English Canada 1880s1920s; Diseases of the Will:Alcohol and the Dilemmas of Freedom; and Law's Dream of a Common Knowledge.William Watson Assistant Professor, Woodsworth College. William Watson received hisB.Sc. from the University of Leicester, and his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge. Hisacademic interests include the practice of forensic psychiatry, psychopathy, the provision ofservices to sub-populations of mentally disordered offenders who are identified, orselfidentified, as having special needs, and the place of critical social science in publicpolicy making. His publications include The Mentally Disordered Offender in an Era ofCommunity Care: New Directions in Provision (co-edited with A. Grounds), and articles inSociology, The International Journal of Comparative Sociology, History of Psychiatry, TheJournal of Forensic Psychiatry, Social and Legal Studies, Canadian Journal of Sociology, andThe Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis. Dr. Watson has served as a consultant for theOntario Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of the Solicitor General, Canada. He iscurrently completing a book about the relationship between social science epistemologiesand political philosophies.Scot Wortley received his B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Toronto. He isAssociate Professor of Criminology at the University of Toronto. His research interestsinclude: the treatment of racial minorities by the police and criminal courts in Canada;criminal offending, substance abuse and victimization among Canadian youth; the use ofalternative measures programs in Ontario corrections; and media depictions of crime andcriminal justice issues. Professor Wortley has published articles in the Canadian Journal ofCriminology, Law and Society Review and the American Journal of Sociology. He iscurrently working on a book entitled Crime and Criminal Justice in the Caribbean withresearchers from the University of the West Indies.39

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookCriminology Students' Association (CRIMSA)CRIMSA is an organization of undergraduate Criminology students at the University ofToronto. It is an official member of the Arts and Science Students' Union (ASSU). Its purposeis to extend the learning experience for Criminology students beyond the classroom bybroadening the students' participation in the life of the Criminology program and at theUniversity of Toronto.CRIMSA organizes career seminars, special lectures, interesting excursions and tours, as wellas exciting social events that are designed to help foster new friendships among fellowCriminology students. The association also serves as a Criminology information service forCriminology graduate schools, volunteer positions and career opportunities (i.e. positions incorrections, probation, law enforcement and rehabilitation programs, as well as positions inadministration and research within a variety of Social and Judicial Agencies).In exchange for your contribution, you will find opportunities to meet interesting newpeople in the field of Criminology and you will establish networks that will be useful in yourfuture careers.Contact CRIMSA:Woodsworth College: Room 17, in the basement of the New WingPhone: 416-946-0414Email: crimsa.exec@gmail.comBulletin board: Room 126, Woodsworth CollegeWriting at the University of TorontoThe ability to think critically and to write well-organized, clear, grammatical prose isimportant to your work in many courses. It will improve your chances if you apply tograduate or professional schools and will also give you an advantage in the workplace. Tohelp you develop your writing skills, the university provides a range of instructional resources.The Writing Centres, provided free of charge at undergraduate colleges, will help youdevelop the writing skills needed throughout your university studies. They offer bothindividual and group instruction. See www.utoronto.ca/writing/news.html forannouncements about group workshops and non-credit courses. For more information,please visit www.utoronto.ca/writing/.In individual consultations, trained writing instructors help you improve your ability to plan,write, and revise, using your assignments from any subject as examples. Some instructorsspecialize in the needs of students using English as a second language. You are entitled touse the writing centre of the college where you are registered or living in residence, or thedepartment where you are taking a course. For more information, please visitwww.utoronto.ca/writing/.40 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

Academic Integrity“The University and its members have a responsibility to ensure that a climate which mightencourage, or conditions which might enable, cheating, misrepresentation or unfairness notbe tolerated. To this end, all must acknowledge that seeking credit or other advantages byfraud or misrepresentation, or seeking to disadvantage others by disruptive behaviour isunacceptable, as is any dishonesty or unfairness in dealing with the work or record of astudent.” (Section B, Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters)For additional information, please visit www.utoronto.ca/govcncl/pap/policies/behaveac.html.AwardsThe Woodsworth College Criminology Prize is awarded annually to the student enrolled inthe Criminology major who has the highest mark in WDW220Y1 - Introduction to CriminalLaw and Procedure. The prize has a value of $500 and is funded by the Principal ofWoodsworth College.The Antonia Silcox Scholarship is awarded annually to two students enrolled in aCriminology program who have the highest grade point average after completing at least 4full WDW criminology courses and demonstrate financial need. Students must be residentsof Ontario. The award has value of $500 and is funded by the Woodsworth CollegeStudents' Association.The Al and Frances La Porter Award is awarded annually to a Woodsworth College studentwho is enrolled in the Criminology program who demonstrates financial need. Academicmerit may also be considered. The award, which has a minimum value of $250, wasestablished by former Principal the late Professor Noah Meltz and his wife Rochelle Meltzin memory of Mrs. Meltz's parents.The Shirley Ann Yasuzawa Criminology Bursary is awarded to Woodsworth Collegestudents in the Criminology Program who demonstrate financial need. Academic merit willalso be considered. The number of awards and their value varies. Students may obtain theapplication form directly from the Woodsworth College website.The Magdalena Gryc Award is awarded annually to a student entering their fourth year inthe Criminology Program at Woodsworth College. The award recognizes outstandingacademic achievement by a student enrolled in the Criminology Major or SpecialistProgram. Minimum gpa requirement is 3.5.41

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookFrequently Asked QuestionsWhat secondary school background do I need for Criminology?What do I do in first year?There are no specific secondary school courses required as prerequisites for first yearcourses leading to the Criminology program. However, you must meet the admissionrequirements for the Faculty of Arts and Science.Faculty of Arts and Science students do not choose their program of study until the end oftheir first four courses. If you wish to study Criminology, you should enrol in anintroductory course in economics, history, philosophy, political science or sociology in yourfirst year.Contact Information:Admissions and Awards315 Bloor Street WestToronto, Ontario M5S 1A3416-978-2190www.adm.utoronto.caAre there other related programs in the Faculty of Arts and Science?Yes. The Faculty of Arts and Science offers a major program in Ethics, Society and the Lawthrough Trinity College. In addition, a major in Sociology could include SOC200H, 212Y1,213Y1, and 306Y1 all of which are options within the Criminology major.For what careers might studies in Criminology prepare me?A background in Criminology might lead to careers in corrections, probation, lawenforcement, private policing, law reform or rehabilitation programs. Other possibilities areadministrative and research positions within the criminal justice system, with anOmbudsperson's Office, policy and planning positions with a variety of social and judicialagencies or working in group homes or with not for profit organizations which deal withoffenders. Some graduates hope to pursue further studies in professional areas such as lawand social work or graduate studies in criminology, psychology or sociology.Some students combine Criminology and other programs with a particular objective inmind. For instance a student interested in First Nations' policing and justice might combineCriminology and Aboriginal Studies. Criminology and Economics could lead to work in thearea of analysis of the economics of corrections. Criminology and a number of programscould lead to crime writing or reporting.While these are all options, the reality is that many Criminology graduates will findchallenging and rewarding employment in fields unrelated to their major. This is true forgraduates of many Arts and Science programs. When thinking about career prospects,students must realize that very often there will be little formal relationship between whatthey study and their careers. Many of the skills acquired at university are transferable inthe sense that they are useful in many different situations and they are often the skillswhich employers seek. Students should regard their studies as an opportunity to developand refine these skills.42 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

How can I improve my prospects of securing employment when I graduate?Use the Career Centre. Among its many services the Career Centre maintains a CareerResource Library, operates the Graduating Students Employment Service and organizes thevolunteer Extern Program which offers students a chance to explore a career in the actualworkplace. The Centre offers workshops on Discovering Your Skills and Options, SuccessfulStrategies for Finding Work, Interview Techniques and Resume and Covering Letter writing.For further information, visit the Career Centre website at www.careers.utoronto.ca.Is there a graduate program in Criminology at U of T?Yes. The Centre of Criminology offers both an M.A. and a Ph.D. in Criminology. Theseprograms provide students with opportunities for advanced study and supervised researchin criminal behaviour and the administration of criminal justice. The programs are designedto prepare students for teaching or research in criminology and careers in which a basictraining in Criminology and the ability to conduct and critically evaluate criminologicalresearch is important. For information, please visit www.criminology.utoronto.ca.In addition, the University of Toronto offers a combined J.D. (Faculty of Law) and M.A.(Centre of Criminology) program. The program permits the completion of both degrees inthree years rather than the four years it would take to acquire them independently. In thefirst year of the program, students complete all first year courses at the Faculty of Law. Inthe two combined upper years, students fulfill the compulsory requirements of the upperyears of the J.D. and the course requirements for the combined program. For moreinformation, contact the Faculty of Law at law.admissions@utoronto.ca.Will studying Criminology give me an advantage if I want to apply to a faculty of law?There is no one particular program of study required at the undergraduate level beforeapplying to law schools. Courses in the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences areall of value in developing the analytical skills and writing skills necessary to excel in thestudy of law. The requirements vary for each law school; however, the basic requirementsusually include a combination of a candidate's GPA and the LSAT score. Most law schoolsalso consider candidates' extracurricular activities and past work experiences.Prospective law students might wish to consult The Ontario Law School Application Service(OLSAS). OLSAS is a non-profit centralized application service for applicants to the sixOntario law schools: Osgoode Hall Law School (York University), University of Ottawa,Queen's University, University of Toronto, University of Western Ontario, and University ofWindsor.Ontario's law schools present at various educational fairs in the fall. For an opportunity totalk to university representatives and collect valuable information about admissionrequirements and a law school education, visit the OLSAS website atwww.ouac.on.ca/olsas/.March 200943

Criminology2009/10 Undergraduate HandbookContact InformationProgram OfficeWoodsworth College, Room 236University of Toronto119 St. George Street Toronto, ON M5S 1A9t: 416.978.5783e: crim@utoronto.caw: www.wdw.utoronto.caTelephone HoursMonday – WednesdayOffice HoursMonday – ThursdayFridayOther ContactsFaculty of Arts and Sciencewww.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/undergraduateAcademic Resourceswww.students.utoronto.ca/Academic_Resources.htmServices and Linkswww.students.utoronto.ca/servicesandlinks.htmStudentshttp://www.students.utoronto.ca/Ulifehttps://ulife.utoronto.ca/University of Toronto Career Centrewww.careers.utoronto.ca10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. (4:30 p.m. in July and August)10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. (4:30 p.m. in July and August)10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.GOT UTOR?As a student at the University of Toronto, you have automatic access to theInformation Commons, which is your passport to e-mail, the library and the Internet.Once you have your TCard, you must activate your University of Toronto e-mail account.Setting up a UTORmail account is mandatory. Failure to do so may result in astudent missing important information and will not be considered an acceptablerationale for failing to receive official correspondence from the University.All official communication from the Program Office will be emailed to utoraccounts only.44 W o o d s w o r t h C o l l e g e U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o

Woodsworth College119 St. George StreetToronto, Ontario M5S 1A9Website: www.wdw.utoronto.ca