National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014-2017_FINAL

2The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014Table of ContentsACRONYMS 4FOREWORD 6ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8SECTION 1: SETTING THE CONTEXT 121.1 Counting the Losses 141.2 The National Consensus Government: Priority Agenda 151.2.1 Institutional and Legal Agenda 151.2.2 Economic and Fiscal Agenda 161.3 The Vision for Gaza: Integration and Economic Development 171.4 The Private Sector: A Key Role in Economic Revival 19SECTION 2: PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION 202.1 Preparation of the Plan 222.2 Guiding Principles 222.3 Coverage of the Plan 242.3.1 Relief 242.3.2 Early Recovery 242.3.2 Reconstruction 252.4 Prerequisites for Effective Implementation of the Plan 262.4.1 A New Arrangement for Movement and Access 262.4.2 Sufficient and Rapidly Disbursed Funding 272.4.3 Government Leadership and Effective Co-ordination 27SECTION 3: GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS 283.1 Social Sector 313.1.1 Social Protection and Social Safety Nets 313.1.2 Health and Psychosocial Well-Being 323.1.3 Education 323.1.4 Civil Society, Community-Based Organizations, and Faith-Based Institutions 333.2 Infrastructure Sector 343.2.1 Clearance of Rubble and Explosive Remnants of War 343.2.2 Energy 343.2.3 Water and Waste Water 353.2.4 Shelter and Housing 363.2.5 Government Buildings and Other Public Infrastructure 363.2.6 Border Crossings 363.2.7 Roads 363.3 Economic Sector 373.3.1 Agriculture and Fishing 373.3.2 Industry and Manufacturing 383.3.3 Trade and Services 393.3.4 Employment and Livelihood 393.4 Governance Sector 403.4.1 Operational Capacity of Central Government Institutions 403.4.2 Operational Capacity of Local Government Institutions 403.4.3 Rule of Law and Human Rights 413.4.4 Implementation and Coordination 41

3SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS 424.1 Social Sector 444.1.1 Social Protection and Social Safety Nets 444.1.2 Health and Psychosocial Well-Being 454.1.3 Education 464.1.4 Civil Society, Community-Based Organizations, and Faith-Based Institutions 474.1.5 Summary of Interventions in Social Sector 474.2 Infrastructure Sector 484.2.1 Clearance of Rubble and Explosive Remnants of War 484.2.2 Energy 494.2.3 Water and Waste Water 494.2.4 Shelter and Housing 504.2.5 Government Buildings and Other Public Infrastructure 514.2.6 Border Crossings 524.2.7 Roads 524.2.8 Summary of Interventions in Infrastructure Sector 534.3 Economic Sector 544.3.1 Agriculture and Fishing 544.3.2 Industry and Manufacturing 554.3.3 Trade and Services 564.3.4 Employment and Livelihood 564.3.5 Facilitating Investment 574.3.6 Summary of Interventions in Economic Sector 574.4 Governance Sector 574.4.1 Implementation and Coordination 584.4.1 Operational Capacity of Central Government Institutions 584.4.2 Operational Capacity of Local Government Institutions 594.4.3 Rule of Law and Human Rights 604.4.4 Summary of Interventions in Governance Sector 60SECTION 5: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING 625.1 Government Leadership through the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee 645.2 Co-ordination with Partners 645.3 Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Implementation Unit 655.4 Detailed Damage Assessments and Action Planning at Sector and Municipality Level 65SECTION 6: FINANCING REQUIREMENTS AND MECHANISMS 666.1 Overview of Current Fiscal Situation 686.2 Summary of Recovery and Reconstruction Costs 696.3 Financing Mechanisms 71Annex 1: Mapping of Financing Mechanisms 72Photo credits: UNDP/PAPP photo archive - Ahed Izhiman, Shareef Sarhan, Media Town, Tanya Habjouqa

4The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014ACRONYMSAHLCAMAASPCFWCMWUCSOCSRPCTADARPEODERWEUFAOGBVGDPIDPILOIRPKVLACSMCMMIRAMOEHEMONEMOPADMSMENFINGOOCHAPEGASEPFIPID-MDTFPRDP-MDTFPSSPWASTLVTVETUNDP/PAPPUNEPUNESCOUNFPAUNICEFUNMASUNRWAUSDWFPWHOAd Hoc Liaison CommitteeAccess and Movement AgreementAgricultural Support ProgrammeCash For WorkCoastal Municipalities Water UtilityCivil Society OrganizationCommercial and Services Rehabilitation ProgrammeCentral Treasury AccountDevelopment Assistance and Reform PlatformExplosive Ordnance DisposalExplosive Remnants of WarEuropean UnionFood and Agriculture OrganizationGender-based ViolenceGross Domestic ProductInternally Displaced PersonInternational Labor OrganizationIndustrial Repair ProgrammeKilovoltLocal Aid Co-ordination SecretariatMillion Cubic MetersMulti-Cluster Initial Rapid AssessmentMinistry of Education and Higher EducationMinistry of National EconomyMinistry of Planning and Administrative DevelopmentMicro, Small, and Medium EnterprisesNon-Food ItemNon-Governmental OrganizationOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsMécanisme Palestino-Européen de Gestion et d'Aide Socio-économiquePalestinian Federation of IndustriesPartnership for Infrastructure Development Multi-Donor Trust FundPalestinian Reform and Development Plan Multi-Donor Trust FundPsycho-Social SupportPalestinian Water AuthorityShort Term Low VolumeTechnical Vocational Education and TrainingUnited Nations Development ProgrammeProgramme of Assistance to the Palestinian PeopleUnited Nations Environmental ProgrammeUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUnited Nations Population FundUnited Nations Children’s FundUnited Nations Mine Action ServiceUnited Nations Relief and Works AgencyUnited States DollarWorld Food ProgrammeWorld Health Organization

6The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014State of PalestineFOREWORDGaza is once more in crisis. Seven weeks of bombardment and ground incursions have left thousands dead and injured and half amillion people displaced. The physical destruction is vast in scale. Yet it is the human loss that is truly incomprehensible and fromwhich will be the hardest to recover.Palestinians living in Gaza have suffered too long and too much. They deserve a future that is free from restriction, confinement,and destruction. With their resilience, ingenuity, and determination, our people in Gaza are more than capable of making thecoastal region of Palestine flourish and prosper.Full recovery from years of conflict and devastation can happen only if Gaza is once more connected with the West Bank,including East Jerusalem, and all parts of Palestine are once more open to the world. Free movement of people and goods willcatalyze Gaza, catapulting it from its current crisis into socio-economic sustainability. Freedom of access must be guaranteed.The borders must be opened. Trade must flow. People must travel.The past months have been some of the grimmest in Palestinian history. And, yet, it was not a new experience. Since the Nakbain 1948 until now, Palestinians have been forced through too many dark days. Israeli military action is constant, with massiveassaults in tragic repetition: in Gaza, six-year old children have already lived through three major assaults that have robbed themof friends, family, and their childhood innocence.But our Palestinian people will continue to move forward towards their dream of an independent, prosperous, and peacefulstate, with East Jerusalem as their capital. When Gaza last faced such destruction in 2009, Palestinian unity was still a distantdream. Now, our people have achieved that unity, brought together by the National Consensus Government, formed justweeks before the assault on Gaza began. Our Government will exert all efforts to recover, repair, and rebuild Gaza as anintegral region of Palestine.We extend our hand to the international community, to our partners in peace and our friends in times of need. We challenge theworld to be ambitious and daring in helping us realize our dream of prosperity and justice in an independent state, free of militaryoccupation. An immediate measure is to end the blockade on Gaza and ensure our people never again experience the horrors ofthis summer.A brighter future is on the horizon. Give Palestinians in Gaza the tools, the opportunities, and the freedom to secure that future -here and now.Rami HamdallahPrime Minister

7State of PalestineACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis document was prepared by the Palestinian Government’s Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee for Gaza Recovery andReconstruction, supported by the Inter-Governmental Technical Committee.This Plan will be used to consolidate resources and responses to help the Palestinian people in Gaza rebuild their lives andlivelihoods. As such, it forms the basis for mobilizing resources and efforts at the international conference in Cairo, Egypt onOctober 12, 2014 and provides the guiding framework for all relief, early recovery, and reconstruction interventions.The Government would like to express its appreciation to the institutions that contributed to the development of this plan andthe rapid damage and needs assessment that underpins it, including the line ministries, other Government bodies, the UnitedNations, the World Bank, the European Union (EU), the Office of the Quartet Representative, international and national NGOs, andthe private sector. Special appreciation goes to Egypt and Norway for organizing the donor conference.As we work together to provide our people in Gaza with a better future, we acknowledge the damage that can never be undoneand the loss that will remain, even when peace and prosperity return. We honor the memory of the thousands who have died,we mourn with those left behind, and stand with those who have suffered the most.Finally and with the greatest sorrow, we remember the children: those who have died and those who still live, haunted by thehorrors of this assault and the other assaults that have overshadowed their childhoods.Mohammad MustafaDeputy Prime MinisterChairman of Inter-Ministerial Committee

8The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIn July 2014, the Israeli military launched a sustained assault on Gaza. For seven weeks, Gaza was invaded and bombarded fromland, sea, and air. The human loss was great: at least 2,145 people were killed, including 581 children. One in four Palestinians inGaza was forced to flee, and over 60,000 houses were partially or completely destroyed. Public services have been devastated,creating scarcity of water, energy, food, and shelter. Agriculture, industry, and trade are at a standstill, leaving ever more Gazaresidents without a livelihood.This devastating assault follows decades of occupation and border closures that have left our people in Gaza isolated,impoverished, and vulnerable. Gaza was already in the grip of a humanitarian and environmental crisis before the assault began.A seven-year blockade had suffocated the private sector, creating widespread dependency: 80 percent of Gaza residents werealready dependent on aid, 47 percent were food insecure, and 40 percent were unemployed.The National Consensus Government has developed this Palestinian National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan to providea roadmap through the current humanitarian crisis to long-term development. The Gaza Early Recovery and ReconstructionRapid Needs Assessment forms the backbone of the plan. Conducted by Palestinian ministries and agencies with the support oflocal and international partners, it uses the situation prior to the assault as a baseline but contextualizes it within the experienceof Israel’s long and continuing blockade of Gaza.This Plan was developed with the intention to transition from relief efforts to longer-term development needs across four sectors– social, infrastructure, economic, and governance. The Government will respond to the urgent and chronic needs of Gaza withrelief, recovery, and reconstruction interventions in each of these sectors that will reinforce the foundations for longer termdevelopment and growth.Gaza is an integral part of the Palestinian state and its gate to the Mediterranean. Its development is crucial for the viability ofthe Palestinian state and for the two-state solution. The Government will no longer accept the isolation and repression of ourpeople in Gaza. Renewed growth and prosperity in Gaza is the Government’s moral and national imperative. Furthermore, thereis no doubt that the success of the Government in the reconstruction of Gaza is key to ensuring the stability of Gaza, Palestine,and the region.Through the National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan, the Government will take - and lead - a series of measures touphold its responsibility towards Gaza and its residents and ensure rapid improvements to their lives, by working on multiplepaths, in cooperation with partners in civil society, the private sector, and donors, while maintaining national ownership.Response is already ongoing, under the leadership of the Government through its Bridging to Recovery Initiative that guides thetransition from emergency to early recovery.Initial rapid assessments have provided early evidence on the scale of the damage caused by the 51-day assault and form thebasis for the Government’s response plan. Nearly half a million people were displaced at the height of the conflict and morethan 11,200 injured, resulting in an increase in the number of poor, unsheltered persons, disabled, orphans, and female-headedhouseholds. 373,000 children are now in need of psychosocial support. Fifty percent of all medical facilities sustained severedamage and Gaza’s emergency and primary health care systems are now overstretched and under-supported. At the sametime, border closures have prevented the flow of crucial medical supplies and the transfer of high risk medical cases. Nearly 300education establishments, from kindergarten to university level, suffered extensive damage and numerous others require repairshaving been used as emergency shelters for the internally displaced during the assault.Essential infrastructure, which was already at breaking point prior to the assault, has sustained severe damage. An estimated20,000 tons of explosives fired by the Israeli military have left many buildings and large areas of Gaza reduced to rubble. At least5,000 explosive remnants of war (ERW) are not yet secured or destroyed. Extensive disruption has been caused to water andsanitation networks, energy supplies and facilities, roads and bridges, and the telecommunications system.

9Gaza’s private sector has suffered both direct damage to property, equipment, stock and raw materials, as well as indirect lossesdue to closure and reduced economic activity. The agriculture sector has seen widespread destruction of cultivated land,greenhouses, livestock and poultry farms, water wells, irrigation networks, and other productive assets. Seventeen percent of thetotal cultivated area has been completely destroyed. In the industrial sector, more than 20 percent of Gaza’s industrial enterprisesand over 4,000 commercial and trade enterprises have been destroyed or damaged. Unemployment is set to rise significantly,defaults in the banking sector may become a problem, and investors, who were already hesitant to invest, are likely to be evermore cautious.This Early Recovery and Reconstruction plan presents a comprehensive and prioritized response to the overwhelming damageacross all sectors and geographic areas in in Gaza.The response in the social sector will require $701 million. The Government will work with UNRWA and other agencies to extenda safety net to newly impoverished citizens, including through expanded cash transfers, food assistance, and distribution of nonfooditems. Health services will be restored by rehabilitating destroyed and damaged health infrastructure and equipment. Inthe education sector, the Government and UNRWA will focus on responding to urgent humanitarian needs amongst students,rehabilitating infrastructure, providing psycho-social and social protection support to students, staff, and families, and returningto education as soon as possible.In the infrastructure sector, $1.9 billion will be required for temporary service provision as well as extensive rehabilitation andreconstruction. The Government will prioritize the removal of rubble and removal of ERWs, which pose a critical danger tocitizens, particularly children. In the energy sector, additional supplies will be purchased to supplement the now repaired GazaPower Plant. Access to potable water will be increased initially through provisional supplies, followed by rehabilitation of thedestroyed and damaged infrastructure and equipment. Small-scale desalination units will also be developed, and pumps,generators, and chlorine will be distributed. The largest expenditure within the infrastructure sector will be on housing, wheretemporary housing solutions will be found rapidly for those who have seen their houses destroyed or damaged. Thereafter,repairs and reconstruction will begin. A program to upgrade and develop border crossings will be essential to ensure handlingof the construction materials required for the recovery and reconstruction efforts.The Government will invest $1.2 billion to rebuild the private sector and increase employment in Gaza, including restoringthe productivity of the agricultural, fishing, industrial, and manufacturing sectors and the trades and services sector throughrehabilitation, economic stimulation packages, as well as cash-for-work support.With respect to the governance sector, the National Consensus Government will seize the opportunity presented by its recentformation to harmonize and integrate the previously divided government structures. Maintaining and expanding the operationalcapacity of the government will need to go hand in hand with the reconstruction of government institutions damaged anddestroyed during the assault. These interventions will start immediately and require $183 million.The total cost of relief, recovery and reconstruction is estimated at $4 billion. This is about three times the estimated cost after the2008 assault and equivalent to 35 percent of the total GDP for the West Bank and Gaza combined. When compared to Palestine’sdevelopment budget for 2014 of $316 million, this is a huge shock. However, the Government sees the investment in Gaza asan investment in stability and the viability of a future Palestinian State.Alongside direct funding for relief, recovery and reconstruction, the continuation of existing budget support for Palestine toGaza in 2014-2017 will be a vital element for sustaining government functions in the West Bank and Gaza. An estimated $4.5billion is required. Therefore the Government urges donors not only to complete the budget support for 2014, but also tocommit to budget support for 2015-2017. Without this, proper functioning of the National Consensus Government, as well asrecovery and reconstruction in Gaza, will be impossible.Whilst Gaza’s rebuilding will be costly in the short -to medium- term, the Government’s vision for Gaza is one of sustainability andself-sufficiency, where Gaza is an integral driver of the a growing Palestinian economy, united with the West Bank and openedup to the rest of the world.

10The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for GAZA 2014GAZA DAMAGES AND RECONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTSRecovery and Reconstruction Costs ($m)Sector Sub-SectorSocialInfrastructureSocialProtectionHealth andPsychosocialSupportEducationand HigherEducationCivil Society,CBOs & FBOsRubble & ERWEnergyWater,Sanitation andHygieneHousing andShelterDamageIncreased householdvulnerability:30,000 additionalhouseholds in needof social protectionTotal and partialdamage to 9hospitals, 28 clinicsand 25 ambulances;373,000 children inneed of psychosocialsupport148 schools andeight universitiesand pre-schoolsdamaged ordestroyed; 113schools used asshelters222 NGOs andcharities destroyedand damaged; 296mosques and 3churches destroyedor damaged2.5 million tons ofrubble; estimated5000 ERWsDestruction ofGaza Power Plant;damage to grid, Gazanorth substation,and transmissioninfrastructure26 water wells and 16public water supplytanks damaged;46.8km of waternetworks and 17.5kmof wastewaternetworks destroyedTotal damageto some 10,000housing unitsSevere damageto some 10,000housing units; Partialdamage to some40,000 housing unitsScope of RecoveryInterventionsComprehensive supportto newly impoverishedcitizens, including increasedcoverage of cash transferprogramHealth care for IDPs;Restocking of drugs andsupplies; rehabilitationof infrastructure andequipment; provision ofpsychosocial support; crisispreparednessRehabilitation of damagedand destroyed schoolinfrastructure andequipment; school supplies;remedial education; crisispreparednessSupport to 222 socialprotection NGOs withdamage; Repairs andrehabilitation of mosquesand churchesReliefEarlyRecoveryReconstructionTotal230 8 80 31714 159 45 2181 45 75 1210 4 41 45Sub-total 245 215 241 701Removal of rubble andERWs0 20 14 34Temporary alternativeelectricity provision;rehabilitation of griddamages; new transmissionsystemProvisional water supply;rehabilitation of destroyedand damaged infrastructureand equipment for waterand wastewater, STLVdesalination, clearing ofsolid waste, rehabilitation ofland fillsRental/hosting allowances;Temporary housingsolutions; repairs todamaged houses;rehabilitation andreconstruction of severelyand totally destroyedhouses0 32 153 18540 80 116 236129 143 910 1,182GovernmentalBuildings andOther PublicInfrastructureBorderCrossings106 newly destroyedpublic buildings,damage to UNRWAinstallations andother publicinfrastructureBorder crossingsdamaged ordeterioratedTemporary offices,reconstruction of publicbuildings, rehabilitation ofUNRWA premises, repairof lighting and otherinstallationsRehabilitation of bordercrossings0 51 97 1490 5 50 55Roads Damage of roads Road repairs 0 0 70 70Environment UnassessedEnvironmental damageenvironmental assessment0 1 0 1damageSub-total 169 332 1,410 1,911

11Sector Sub-SectorDamageScope of RecoveryInterventionsReliefEarlyRecoveryReconstructionTotalEconomicAgricultureIndustry andManufacturingTrade andServicesEmploymentDamage to land,agricultural andfishing assets andinfrastructure; lossesin production297 totally damagedand 693 partiallydamaged industrialenterprises;production losses1,255 totallydamaged and 2,928partially damagedcommercialenterprises;production lossesSteep increase inunemployment andpovertyCompensation for losses;Rehabilitation of damages,restoration of productionCompensation for losses;Repairs and rehabilitationprogram for industrialsector; Repairs to GazaIndustrial EstateCompensation for losses;Commercial and servicesrehabilitation programCash for work andsustainable job creation0 194 257 4510 75 284 3590 130 77 2070 62 7 69FacilitatingInvestmentDecreased ability andwillingness to investby private sectorShort term to long termfinancing for private sectorcompanies, capacitybuilding0 20 130 150Sub-total 0 481 754 1,235OperationalCapacity ofCentral Gov.InstitutionsWeakenedoperationalcapacitiesAllowances to personnelin Gaza, support toreintegration0 113 0 113GovernanceOperationalCapacityof LocalGovernmentInstitutionsRule of Law andHuman RightsWeakenedoperationalcapacitiesIncreased need forrule of law servicesand protectionSupport to salaries formunicipal employeesSupport to legal aid andarbitration, human rightsand IHL monitoring0 31 0 310 1 6 7ImplementationandCoordinationWidespreaddestruction;weakenedoperationalcapacitiesStrategic spatial planning;scaled up coordination,implementation, andmonitoring capacity ofreconstruction and recovery0 12 20 32Subtotal 0 157 26 183TOTAL 414 1,184 2,432 4,030

12The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION1Setting the ContextThe recent assault on Gaza is a reminder of the destabilizing impact and the heavytoll that Israel’s decades long occupation exerts on Palestinians and will continueto exert, so long as the goal of an independent Palestinian state in fulfillment ofinternational law and consensus remains elusive. The status quo is unsustainable.A comprehensive and just peaceful settlement is essential to stopping thecontinuing, destructive conflict. Only an independent Palestinian state, free ofIsraeli occupation, can ensure peace, stability and security, side by side with Israelon the 1967 borders.Unifying all Palestinian territory under one effective government is an imperativefor the Palestinian people and for a viable and prosperous state. The formation ofthe National Consensus Government is an essential first step in that direction andin ensuring national unity. The challenges facing the Government are numerous,spanning complex administrative, financial, legal, economic, and security issues.Added to those is the momentous task of reconstructing Gaza and economicrecovery across the whole Palestinian territory, all against the backdrop of adeteriorating economic situation, high unemployment, decreased financialsupport, and continued Israeli occupation and colonization.The success of the National Consensus Government in meeting these challengesis the success of national unity in ensuring the economic and institutionalfoundations of an independent Palestinian state. The challenges are grave but canbe met by the Government, provided that there is strong local and internationalpolitical support and generous financial and technical support from donorcountries, and provided that Israel upholds its obligations under international lawand removes its destructive restrictions on Palestinian freedom.11.Counting the Losses22.The National Consensus Government: Priority Agenda33.The Vision for Gaza: Integration and Economic Development44.The Private Sector: A Key Role in Economic Revival

14The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 1: Setting the Context1.1 Counting the LossesIn August 2014, Gaza marked the end of the sixth Israeli assault since 2006. Although the 51-day bombardment and invasionhas halted, Palestinians in Gaza are still counting their losses: thousands are dead or injured, nearly half a million were displaced,over 110,000 are still homeless, and billions of dollars of damage has been done.All this is against the backdrop of 66 years of displacement and dispossession, 47 years of military occupation, decades of travelrestrictions, and a seven-year blockade, which has crippled the economy and shattered livelihoods. Two of every three people in Gazawere receiving food aid war prior to the recent assault. Poverty rates were up to 39 percent and unemployment had hit 45 percent.Through the latest assault, which began on July 7, 2014, the Israeli military has once again wrought wholescale damage anddestruction to Gaza, surpassing even the aftermath of the December 2008 assault. During the 51-day assault, at least 2,145people killed and over 11,200 were injured. At least 142 Palestinian families lost three or more members, while 1,500 children lostone or both parents. More children have suffered than ever: at least 581 children were killed. Over 3,436 children were injured,leaving many permanently disabled 1 .One in four Palestinians in Gaza was forced to flee, and over 60,000houses were damage or destroyed. Infrastructure and publicutilities were severely damaged, including Gaza’s only powerplant, its water facilities, sanitation, electricity, telecommunicationnetworks, and transportation. Israeli military strikes destroyedgovernment and UN facilities, municipal centers, and publicutilities, impeding the provision of basic services to Gaza’s 1.8million inhabitants. The local economy has almost completelycollapsed, after the destruction of an unprecedented number ofprivate sector assets and damage to agricultural land and fishingfacilities. During the assault, up to 71 percent of the populationbecame food insecure, as prices of basic foodstuff soared by 40to 179 percent. After seven weeks of assault, most Palestiniansin Gaza can no longer meet their most basic needs: earning alivelihood is almost impossible.Immediate relief is already underway, provided by Government ministries and local and international agencies. The UN Officefor the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has issued two funding appeals for a combined $563 million. The requestedfunds are supporting 47 humanitarian actors in providing immediate relief until December 2014. But humanitarian assistance isjust the first phase in the longer effort to help Palestinians in Gaza recover quickly and build back better.The National Consensus Government has developed this Palestinian National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan, incoordination with UN agencies, civil society, and the private sector, to provide a roadmap through the current humanitariancrisis to long-term development. Building on the larger Palestinian National Development Plan, this Plan formulates responsesto diverse and urgent sectoral needs to secure the foundation for a prosperous Gaza. Prior to the publication of this Plan, theGovernment began its Bridging to Recovery Initiative, through which it initiated key priority interventions from the Plan inresponse to critical needs in Gaza.Securing a stable future requires an end to this destruction and reconstruction cycle. The siege must be permanently lifted andnormal movement of people, trade and economic activity must be restored. It is imperative to ensure that the current recoveryand reconstruction leads Gaza onto a sustainable and permanent upward trajectory.1 Data on fatalities and casualties are based on preliminary information (as of September 4, 2014) and may change.

151.2 The National Consensus Government: Priority AgendaThe recent Israeli assault started five weeks after the formation of a National Consensus Government – the first government toadminister in both the West Bank and Gaza since 2007. Formed as a result of President Mahmoud Abbas’ successful efforts toachieve national reconciliation, this Government aims to institutionally, legally, economically, and socially reintegrate Gaza and theWest Bank, as a step towards achieving the aim of an independent and vibrant Palestinian state, with East Jerusalem as its capital.Upon its inception on June 2, 2014, the National Consensus Government was met with strong popular Palestinian support andwelcomed by key international stakeholders, including all the Quartet members: the United States, the European Union, Russiaand the United Nations.However, Israel expressed immediate and continued opposition to the National Consensus Government. It significantly limitedthe new Government’s ability to effectively oversee the rehabilitation and integration of the ministries and national institutions,including by preventing the movement of Government members between the West Bank and Gaza.1.2.1 Institutional and Legal AgendaCoupled with external challenges caused by the Israeli occupation, the new Government must address complex internalgovernance tasks, including the complex harmonization of national institutions, civil services, and legal systems. Following sevenyears of political separation, the full harmonization of Government institutions, civil service, and legal systems between Gaza andWest Bank is a historical opportunity that will take time to realize. The overall objective of the Government is to reunite the bodypolitic and strengthen state institutions through the implementation of the reconciliation agreement, with the aim of ensuringa unified Palestinian government effectively governing both Gaza and the West Bank.At the center of the effort to reunify and harmonize institutions is the issue of pre-2007 employees and the post-2007 staffengaged by the then de facto authority in Gaza. This issue has to be addressed in the short-term while ensuring that theGovernment is able to function in Gaza and carry out recovery and reconstruction efforts, and without undermining theintroducing of a plan for the rationalization of civil service in Gaza and capacity development in the medium-long term. Theresolution of these issues is further complicated by external legal challenges and the dire economic situation, in particular theinability of the economy to generate jobs under current circumstances.Establishing and maintaining law and order under the Government authority requires arrangements in the immediate andshort-term for controlling the border crossings; harmonizing the police force; and increasing support to civil defense in responseto early recovery efforts. In the medium-long term, security sector reform is essential to ensure the integration of the securityforces under a clear command structure, along with capacity-building.The third major priority is the reintroduction of a unified justice system in Gaza by addressing the status of applicable laws, effectof legal decisions, and reunification of the court system, while continuing the process that was begun prior to 2007 of unifyingthe different laws, resulting from historic separation and different legal systems between the West Bank and Gaza.1.2.2 Economic and Fiscal AgendaThe reversal of long term economic deterioration in Palestine, but especially in Gaza, is critical. The Palestinian economy has beenstrangled by ongoing restrictions and a highly uncertain political outlook. This has been felt even more acutely in recent years asa result of falling foreign aid levels. Growth fell to 1.9 percent in 2013 and is forecast to be negligible in 2014. Since this is belowthe average population growth of 3 percent, Palestinians are seeing their GDP per capita decline.This economic picture is even more startling when looking at Gaza, where repeated military assaults have time and againdestroyed economic infrastructure and paralyzed economic activity. The impact has been compounded by the severe economicshock produced by the seven-year blockade on exports and imports, which has prevented movement of goods and people

16The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 1: Setting the Contextbetween the West Bank and Gaza and all but eliminated Gaza’s export focused private sector. Today, only small shipments ofselected products are permitted to other markets through donor-supported projects.The result is that real GDP per capita in Gaza has stayed largely stagnant since 1994, whilst real GDP per capita in the West Bankhas more than doubled. Gaza’s contribution to Palestine’s total GDP has shrunk, from over a third in the mid-1990s to a quarternow. Pre-assault unemployment hit a staggering 45 percent, as compared to 16 percent in the West Bank, and was high as 70percent amongst Gaza’s youth. Before the latest assault, poverty stood at 38 percent, close to double the level of the West Bank.A further 30,000 households are estimated to have fallen into poverty as a result of the latest assault.In this context, Gaza’s recovery and reconstruction must address not only the immediate economic impact of the assault but alsothe preexisting structural challenges inhibiting Gaza’s development.Yet, the Government’s room for maneuver to address these issues directly is limited. Despite fiscal reforms and improvements,the Government remains reliant on donor support to meet the budget deficit and fund development projects. Additionalspending for recovery and reconstruction will put significant fiscal pressure on the budget, at a time when donor flows havebeen steadily declining, falling by 30 percent since 2008. However, since revenues from Gaza in the short term will not be ableto meet more than a small fraction of the additional expenditure – in 2013, only 3 percent of total Government revenues werecollected in Gaza, as compared to 43 percent of budget expenditures there - the Government has no option but to look to itspartners to support the recovery and reconstruction effort.FIGURE 1: GDP and Real GDP Growth (USD m, %)FIGURE 1: GDP and Real GDP Growth (USD m, %) Figure 2: Real GDP per Capita (USD) Figure 2: Real GDP per Capita (USD)14000 20.0 4000 12000 15.0 3500 10000 10.0 3000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 West Bank GDP Gaza GDP Real GDP Growth rate in WB&G 5.0 0.0 -­‐5.0 -­‐10.0 -­‐15.0 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Per Capita GDP in West Bank Per Capita GDP in Gaza SOURCE: World Bank Analysis

171.3 The Vision for Gaza: Integration and Economic DevelopmentGaza is an integral part of the Palestinian state and its gate to the Mediterranean. Its development is crucial for the viability of theState of Palestine and for the two-state solution. There is no doubt that the success of the National Consensus Government inthe reconstruction of Gaza is key to ensuring the stability of Gaza, Palestine, and the region.Through this Plan, the Government will take - and lead - a series of measures to uphold its responsibility towards Gaza andits residents and ensure rapid improvements to their lives, by working on multiple paths, in cooperation with partners in civilsociety, the private sector, and donors, while maintaining national ownership.Addressing the humanitarian crisis in Gaza is the first steptowards reconstruction and in enabling the populationto live in dignity. Although the material damage can berepaired, the widespread loss of human life as a result ofthe assault will be suffered by generations to come. TheGovernment’s goal is not simply to alleviate the suffering ofcitizens and repair the physical damage, but also to makesubstantive improvements in the economic and socialsituation of Gaza residents, particularly by dealing with thechronic problems of poverty and unemployment.It is neither sufficient nor acceptable to return to thestatus quo prior to the July/August assault. This wouldbe tantamount to buying time until the next assault andcrisis. Rather, the economy in Gaza must be put on anupward trajectory to achieve development, prosperity, anda dignified life for its population. Accordingly, this Plan isnot aimed to “put out fires.” Rather, it is the beginning ofsustainable development of Gaza, as part of the largernational plan to return the State of Palestine to its rightfulpolitical and developmental track.Developing for the Future:Beyond ReconstructionAt least $7 billion is required as additional investment tomeet long-term development needs. Most of this will bedriven by the private sector.Keystone infrastructure development projects include:• The Gaza Marine gas project• The international airport• The commercial seaport• A large scale desalination plant• A north-south water carrier• Waste water treatment plantsSignificant investment is also required to address theexisting infrastructure deficit arising from the blockade,including 75,000 housing units, over 270 schools, andtwo new hospitals.These projects are not budgeted in the reconstructionplan but will be critical for a thriving Gaza.

18The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 1: Setting the ContextThe vision of this Government is a Gaza that is fully integrated into the State of Palestine, politically, socially, and economically, and- through it - with the rest of the world. This vision assumes that local and international movement of goods and people is reliableand secure via two safe passages and a permanent territorial link, facilitating increased tourism and a thriving private sector.Looking beyond the immediate recovery and reconstruction effort, further priority infrastructure projects will be requiredto address the public and private deficit that has resulted from the blockade and to catalyze Gaza’s potential to contributeto Palestinian economic growth. Substantial additional investment is required to provide the infrastructural and economicfoundation for Gaza – and Palestine - to thrive.Under this vision, in five years, a reconstructed Gaza will be open for business, fully engaged with the West Bank economy, andattracting international investment and tourism. In ten years, Gaza will be a rapidly growing, export-oriented economy, withincreased trade and domestic prosperity and reduced aid dependency.

191.4 The Private Sector: A Key Role in Economic RevivalGaza’s businesses have previously been amongst the most productive in Palestine, and its residents have remained dynamic andresilient. Strong opportunities for medium- and long-term growth in Gaza exist in various areas, including the manufacturing,technology, agriculture, tourism, energy, and construction sectors. Gaza enjoys a number of assets and sources of strength,including a substantial young, highly literate, and entrepreneurial labor force, a strategic geographic location in a narrow landcorridor between North Africa and the Middle East, coastal assets that could be developed for year-round tourism, and significant,yet-to-be-developed energy resources. Under different conditions, Gaza-based businesses can transform the coastal region andPalestine into a hub for trade of goods and services, servicing markets in Europe and the Middle East.Palestinian companies will play a key role in the recovery and reconstruction efforts, both as ‘implementers’ of interventions andrecipients of assistance if relevant. The Government will provide the proper enabling environment for the private sector to workefficiently. While implementing this Plan, priority will be given to creating favorable conditions for local economic developmentthrough the activation of the private sector. The Government will leverage the private sector via Public Private Partnerships (PPP)in infrastructure development. It will seek to put in place an enhanced range of financing and insurance mechanisms for thosewho invest in Gaza. In addition, it will harmonize West Bank and Gaza laws and provide incentives for investment in Gaza throughthe introduction of specific initiatives.While various interventions are planned for the revitalization of the private sector, this objective cannot be achieved withoutensuring the removal of the blockade and access and movement restrictions, allowing for normal trade between Gaza and theWest Bank, neighboring countries, and world markets.

20The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION2PLANNING FORRECOVERY ANDRECONSTRUCTION11.Preparation of the Plan22.Guiding Principles33.Coverage of the Plan44.Prerequisites for Effective Implementation of the Plan

22The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 2: PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION2.1Preparation of the PlanThis Plan was prepared by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and overseen by the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee.The Committee was formed by the Cabinet of Ministers on 30 July 2014 to oversee the preparation of the Plan for the donorconference in support of reconstruction efforts and budgetary support. It was assisted by a Technical Team composed ofrepresentatives of 20 ministries and Government institutions working closely with international organizations, donor countries,and the private sector.This Plan is based on the Gaza Early Recovery Rapid Needs Assessment, which began on August 14 and was conducted byline ministries in coordination with the Ministry of Planning and Administrative Development (MOPAD). Rapid assessmentsof damage and recommendations for top priority immediate interventions, as well as broader recovery and rehabilitationinterventions, were prepared across the four key sectors, in accordance with the National Development Plan: Social Sector;Infrastructure Sector; Economic Sector; and Governance Sector. The damage assessments utilized a range of methodologiesincluding analysis of satellite imagery, site visits, surveys, and interviews on the ground in Gaza, as required. Given the timelimitations faced in developing the plans, both the damage valuation and the financing requirements are best estimates, basedon the information available at this time.This Plan also draws upon preliminary needs assessments and response planning by the World Bank and UN agencies, includingthe Multi-Cluster/Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) that was conducted on August 13, 18, and 19 by the UN OCHA andGovernment ministries in Gaza. The Plan’s analysis of existing needs prior to the July/August assault is based on previous studiesproduced by the Government, the World Bank, and UN agencies .These assessments are rapid examinations of the challenges faced by residents of Gaza. Further ongoing and planned full-scopeassessments will feed the Government’s detailed work planning for the interventions described in this Plan. These assessmentsinclude an infrastructure damage assessment by UNDP/PAPP and the Government and a Detailed Needs Assessment (DNA) bythe European Union, the World Bank, and UNDP/PAPP.2.2 Guiding PrinciplesThe Plan is guided by a set of principles that intend to maximize its effectiveness and draw on lessons learned from theprevious recovery and reconstruction planning and implementation:• Linking recovery plans to Palestine’s National Development Plan: Gaza is an integral part of the Palestinian economy andthe Palestinian state. The recovery and reconstruction efforts under this Plan are entirely consistent with national developmentobjectives, which serve to promote coherence in resource allocation, planning and implementation. The implementationmechanism for Gaza reconstruction will be synchronized with the implementation mechanisms for Palestine’s broadereconomic development plans, as laid out in the National Development Plan. To maximize impact and harmonize efforts ofa broad range of actors, the Plan will be implemented on the basis of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation:ownership, focus on results, inclusive partnerships, as well as transparency and accountability.• Government-led with broad-based participation: The National Consensus Government is leading the planning, execution,and monitoring of the Plan, in cooperation with international and local partners. The Government is already coordinatingimmediate response to urgent needs in Gaza with international agencies through the Inter-Cluster Coordination Systemand under the framework of its Bridging to Recovery Initiative. The Government will continue to coordinate efforts of allstakeholders in the early recovery process to avoid duplication of efforts and identify gaps and optimize the use of resourcesavailable for sustainable recovery and development. During the implementation process, the people and businesses ofGaza and Palestine will be at the center of early recovery and reconstruction efforts.• Using the plan for economic and private sector revitalization: The Plan aims to rebuild local production capacity. Apriority has been given to creating favorable conditions for local economic development through the activation of theprivate sector. The plan aims to create additional temporary and permanent jobs and secure a key role for Palestinian

23companies in the implementation efforts of recovery and reconstruction. In this sense, the private sector and a wide rangeof civil society organizations are expected to be mobilized as both recipients of assistance and ‘implementers’ of earlyrecovery and reconstruction interventions.• Prioritizing accountability and efficiency in execution: The Plan’s development and design pays particular attentionto the need for rapid implementation and strong accountability mechanisms. Government bodies, private sectorrepresentatives, and donors will be held responsible for delivery in their key respective areas through a clear, transparentimplementation roadmap that forms the basis of a performance management framework by the Government.• Focusing on most vulnerable demographic segments: The Plan focuses on and pays special attention to members ofsociety who are most vulnerable, notably:• Women: As primary care givers, many women in Gaza are struggling to manage large families, particularly ifdisplaced. There are more female-headed households, due to the death or disabling of male relatives. Pregnantand lactating women have reduced access to health care. Women and girls in shelters struggle to maintaincultural norms of privacy. There is evidence of increased gender-based violence.• Children: Unacceptable numbers of children were killed (over 23 percent of total casualties) and injured (33percent of total injuries). Over 1,500 children lost one or both parents, while hundreds of thousands needpsychosocial support. Children are also vulnerable to increased violence and abuse and ERWs.• Persons with disabilities: An estimated 1,000 people are newly disabled. Disabled residents of Gaza face amyriad of urgent challenges, including access restrictions due to widespread destruction and loss of specialaids, medicines, and service provision (following the destruction of the only rehabilitation facility). Shelters arenot handicapped suited.• Elderly: Many older residents in Gaza already have physical and mental vulnerabilities, are dependent on nowlimitedhealth services, and are less able to cope in damaged housing or shelters. Experiences of multiplehostilities and displacements increases psychosocial needs.• Internally Displaced Person (IDP): The internally displaced are a newly vulnerable population, particularlythose who lost all their assets when their houses were destroyed. There are still 110,000 IDPs, sheltering inschools and with host families. IDPs struggle with inadequate access to basic services, overcrowding, foodinsecurity, psychosocial needs, and health concerns. Host families, extended communities, and supportingagencies are under strain.This Plan details interventions under all four sectors that are designed to protect these groups, includingexpanded social protection, provision of health and psychosocial support, strengthened crisis preparedness,ERW clearance, and targeted availability of legal aid.

24The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 2: PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION2.3 Coverage of the PlanThis Plan was developed with the intention to transition from relief efforts to longer-term development needs in Gaza. As aresult, it combines critical relief, recovery, and reconstruction needs in order to lay the foundations for long term development.In its approach the Plan has identified three phases of interventions to respond to the complex, large-scale needs of Gaza andits population: relief, early recovery, and reconstruction.The immediate focus will be on the continuation of relief efforts already initiated by public and international agencies, especiallyfor IDPs, as well as initiating early recovery interventions. Within a timeframe of six months from the Conference, the plananticipates the launch of reconstruction efforts. This, however, is contingent on a border regime that reconnects Gaza to theoutside world and allows for access of required materials and specialized personnel.2.3.1 ReliefTimeframe: Immediate – Month 6Israel’s assault has created a complex humanitarian emergency situation that has required an immediate response in order tosave lives and prevent severe harm to the population in Gaza. Some of these humanitarian interventions, in particular for IDPs,will need to be sustained over the coming months. These relief interventions focus predominantly on such needs as access toclean water and food, provision of shelter, as well as social protection for those whose homes were destroyed. Many of theseinterventions are being implemented through the Gaza Crisis Appeal, which was jointly issued by the UN and the Government.2.3.2 Early RecoveryTimeframe: Month 1 – Month 12Early recovery is a multi-dimensional process that aims at stabilizing living conditions and preparing the foundations forlonger-term reconstruction and development by supporting and generating self-sustaining processes for post-crisis recovery,planning, and financing. Among other things, early recovery interventions will aim to restore delivery of basic services (health,education, social programs, water, electricity, telecommunications); reduce additional risk and vulnerability; remove ERWs; beginto restore livelihoods and shelter (ensure safe and secure environments); and support the return of IDPs. In parallel with this, theGovernment will work towards strengthening governance functions.

252.3.3 ReconstructionTimeframe: Month 6 – OngoingBeyond the first two response phases, the Plan comprisesa major reconstruction effort across all sectors in orderto restore Gaza to “normalcy.” Services and infrastructurein Gaza are largely non-functional, due to the massivedestruction of public and private infrastructure. It is thuscrucial to initiate reconstruction activities as early aspossible. Recognizing this, the Plan identifies time-sensitivereconstruction interventions that must be dealt with rapidlyand fully, and which will be given top priority during theearly reconstruction phases.The entire reconstruction effort will be underpinned by theaspiration to “build back better.” A mere rebuilding of thestatus quo or filling gaps left by the assault will not suffice.In this sense, the reconstruction provides an opportunity torevisit the needs of Gaza residents as they stand today, notas they stood yesterday. We must set our aims on ensuringconditions for lasting prosperity and wellbeing and creatingan enabling environment for their enterprise and industry toflourish, and for people to live in dignity. We must also ensurethat the reconstruction directly addresses key restraints toGaza’s growth and some of the impending crises.Bridging to Recovery InitiativeThe Government believes that recovery must startimmediately, alongside immediate relief activitiesimplemented by ministries and humanitarian agencies,so that the people in Gaza can take an active – not passive– role in rebuilding their lives, homes, and livelihoods.Therefore, in advance of the donors’ conference, theGovernment is moving forward with implementingpriority early recovery interventions, as part of the firstphase of the Gaza Early Recovery and ReconstructionPlan. These selected interventions are designed to:1. Increase availability of basic services in Gaza;2. Provide temporary housing solutions and facilitateIDPs to return home as soon as possible; and3. Relieve financial stress and enable the private sectorto participate in recovery and reconstruction.The interventions are a bridge from humanitarian crisis toearly recovery. Through these actions, the Government isoperationalizing its core strategy for Gaza’s recovery: caringfor its citizens, rebuilding its infrastructure, revitalizing itseconomy, and strengthening its governance.The Shelter Assistance Package launched by theGovernment, UNRWA, and UNDP was the first Bridgingto Recovery intervention. At the time of writing, theGovernment was working with the private sector toidentify priority interventions for implementation.Donor conferenceReliefEarly RecoveryReconstructionBridging to RecoveryTransition into long-term development

26The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 2: PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION2.4 Prerequisites for Effective Implementation of the PlanThe success of the plan and the achievement of its objectives depend on several factors. However, based on past experiences,there are three main factors which will determine the success of the plan:• Unrestricted movement and access of goods and people;• Availability of sufficient and appropriate funding that can be rapidly deployed on the ground to meet the Plan’s activities; and• Effective ownership and leadership by the Palestinian Government and coordination with its partners to ensure that allefforts and operations are efficient and have maximum impact in the shortest possible time.The Plan calls for joint commitment between the Government and its partners to ensure that such conditions are met.2.4.1 A New Arrangement for Movement and AccessMovement and access is essential to the recovery, reconstruction and development of the economy, improvements in people’sliving conditions, and revival of the private sector. As result, the blockade must be lifted and crossings must be opened andoperated effectively to allow for movement of goods and people from and into Gaza.The issues that will need to be addressed include: Gaza crossings with Israel; access and movement between the West Bank andGaza; removal of access restrictions to lands near the Green Line in Gaza and the territorial waters; a bilateral Palestinian-Egyptiancrossing at Rafah; and commercial seaport and airport in Gaza.

27Beyond the right of Palestinians to have the free movement laid out in international law and agreements, unrestricted accessand movement is essential to the swift, efficient, and effective implementation of this Plan. The importance of this prerequisiteis underlined by the year-long delay of key interventions of the 2009 Recovery and Reconstruction Plan by an Israeli regime ofentry restrictions, clearance requirements for construction materials and equipment, and approval processes. A continuation ofthe current restrictions would significantly impede the progress – and impact – of the interventions described in this Plan. TheUN estimates that, if current restrictions on the entry of materials persist, it will take over 18 years to reconstruct the destroyedhousing units alone. This would be catastrophic for Gaza.As a result, this Plan calls for the swift entry of all required construction materials and commodities. The Government welcomesthe new UN proposal for facilitating imports for private and government projects as a positive step. But the easing of therestrictions is insufficient. The permitting, review, and control regime must be completely removed as an obstacle to both thereconstruction efforts required to ensure basic service provision as well as the ability of the Gaza economy to generate income,jobs, and opportunities for the population.2.4.2 Sufficient and Rapidly Disbursed FundingAt $4 billion, the total cost required for the recovery and reconstruction is three times the estimated cost after the 2008 assaultand equivalent to a third of the total GDP for the West Bank and Gaza combined.The Government faces a challenging fiscal position, resulting first and foremost from the ongoing Israeli occupation andrestrictions on movement and access and the Palestinian economy in general. The unprecedented level of damage of the latestassault requires an unprecedented level of financial support. Although the Government will strive to contribute its own financialresources, its constrained fiscal position means that it has no option but to look to local, regional, and international partnersto provide the necessary financial support for recovery and rehabilitation to be completed. It will be essential that this can bedisbursed quickly and efficiently and in line with the Government’s priorities, such that support, services, and infrastructure canbe delivered as quickly as possible to the people and businesses of Gaza.In line with the principle of Government ownership of the strategy and its implementation, and global commitments on aid anddevelopment effectiveness, this Plan calls on donors to maximize utilization of national systems. Such an approach will enablea more coherent, programmatic, and long-term approach to development, and lead to much greater Palestinian ownership ofthe process.2.4.3 Government Leadership and Effective Co-ordinationThis Plan targets all sectors, geographic areas, and institutions affected by the assault. The enormous scale of the damage, thebreadth and scope of activities required, and the number of stakeholders involved means that effective management and coordinationof the Plan’s implementation and financing will be critical to reaching targeted goals.In line with the guiding principles outlined above, the responsibility for overall implementation, coordination, and oversightof the early recovery and reconstruction process will rest with the Government. However, the implementation of the Planwill involve all key ministries and Government bodies, working across all levels of Government and in close cooperation withnumerous partners, including national development agencies, local and international NGOs, and the private sector.The Government will lead the coordination of all stakeholder efforts in order to avoid duplication of efforts, identify gaps, andoptimize the use of resources available, as detailed in Section 5.

28The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION3GAZA RAPIDASSESSMENT OFDAMAGES AND NEEDSConducted in the immediate aftermath of the assault, the preliminaryassessment found an unprecedented scale of destruction. All geographic areasof Gaza were affected by the conflict and witnessed aerial bombardment,naval shelling, or artillery fire. Some 44 percent of Gaza was designated by theIsraeli military as a buffer zone, from the fenced border with Israel towards thewest and in northern Gaza. Due to its densely populated and largely urbanenvironment, all people in Gaza were exposed to the conflict and suffered fromdamages to vital infrastructure.Since Gaza was already facing serious humanitarian and developmentalchallenges, this Plan provides a contextual description of the needs existingbefore the July/August assault (where relevant), followed by a description of thelosses created by the assault.11.Social Sector22.Infrastructure Sector33.Economic Sector44.Governance Sector

30The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 3: GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS2009 - 2014 Density Comparison of destroyed and severelydamaged structures in gaza

313.1 Social SectorSeven weeks of bombardment, seven years of blockade, and 25 years of movement restrictions have taken their toll onPalestinians living in Gaza. Social services, including health and education, are overstretched by historical weaknesses and newlosses. Poverty, food insecurity, and social vulnerability have rocketed as a result of the mass displacement and destruction of thepopulation. Many households in Gaza can no longer live without external assistance, putting additional pressure on the socialprotection system.3.1.1 Social Protection and Social Safety NetsPrior to the AssaultDecades of border restrictions and repeated assaults have destroyed livelihood opportunities and left most families in Gaza highlyvulnerable to further shocks. Eighty percent of people in Gaza depend on social assistance, while social transfers (both cash andin-kind) have become an important source of income for the majority of households, accounting for approximately 16 percentof total household consumption overall and 31 percent among the poorest households prior to the assault. Some 72 percent ofpeople were either food insecure or vulnerable to food insecurity, even when taking into account UN food distributions to almost1.1 million people. For as long as the closure continues, levels of food insecurity will remain high.Impact of the AssaultGaza families have shown marked resilience to these stresses, drawing upon their extended community networks to provideinformal safety nets. However, the aftermath of this assault will strain those remarkable networks, as food prices soar, new familiesfall into poverty, and others are pushed further down. Greater food insecurity now exists, exacerbated by massive displacement,destruction in the agriculture/fishery sector, lack of cooking gas, fuel, and cooking utensils, and limited access to water.Thousands of households have lost income sources (due to the death, disabling, or unemployment of workers) and homes(with tens of thousands of houses destroyed or damaged). Some 1,500 children have lost one or both parents. Over 1,000 newlyinjured people will be permanently disabled, creating greater social and financial responsibility on their family and social safetynets. Psychosocial trauma is widespread, making recovering from loss a longer process for all, particularly children, bereavedfamilies, and inhabitants of the most impacted neighborhoods.

32The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 3: GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS3.1.2 Health and Psychosocial Well-BeingPrior to the AssaultEven before the latest assault, health services in Gaza were strained by a rapidly increasing population, financial constraints, andscarcity of medical supplies. Medical equipment experienced frequent breakdowns caused by power interruptions and waterimpurities, among other factors. Most existing health facilities were in need of rehabilitation and upgrading in order to ensurequality services and meet the needs of a growing population.Impact of the AssaultOver half of Gaza’s hospitals and clinics are affected. Fifteen of 32 hospitals are damaged, with three of them closed. Fortyfiveof 97 primary health care clinics in Gaza are damaged (with four completely destroyed) and 17 are closed, along withtwo psychiatric clinics and the only rehabilitation center in Gaza. Twenty-five ambulances were destroyed or damaged. Healthworkers have also suffered seriously: 23 have died and 83 were injured during attacks on ambulances and hospitals.The current crisis has illuminated the dramaticeffects of the massive shortage in the availability ofmedical supplies and services. In the aftermath ofthe assault, health services will be in exponentiallygreater demand, resulting from the large number ofinjuries, increased public health risks, and massivepsychological trauma.Details of the losses suffered by private and NGO healthfacilities are not yet known (apart from the destructionof Al-Wafa Hospital, the only rehabilitation hospital inGaza, counted above), but high reconstruction andre-equipping costs are assumed.Given the high number of children injured and the relative youth of Gaza residents, the cumulative psychological and physicalimpact of this and previous assaults represents a serious and long-term responsibility for the health system. Newly injured patientswere released prematurely to relieve pressure on hospital services and will require follow-up and further treatment. Over 40,000pregnant women cannot access antenatal care, which puts their unborn children at risk. The UN estimates that 373,000 childrenwill need direct and specialized psychological counseling, while all students will require some form of psychological assistance.3.1.3 EducationPrior to the AssaultEducation in Gaza has long been characterized by overcrowding and unsafe conditions (approximately 37.3 students per class).The 2008 assault resulted in 217 schools and 60 kindergartens being damaged, including 18 facilities damaged beyond repair: theongoing blockade has prevented the urgently needed reconstruction of damaged schools and construction of new ones. Theannual increase of students in Gaza is nearly four percent (approximately 10,000 new students) and 79 percent of Governmentalschools and 88 percent of UNRWA schools operate on a double shift system. In 2012, the UN found that 200 additional schoolswere needed and another 190 schools would be needed by 2020.Impact of the AssaultThe Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MOEHE) started the school year on September 14, three weeks later thanthe scheduled August 24. However, damage is widespread and severe in the primary and secondary education sector across

33government and UNRWA systems: 26 schoolswere destroyed, 122 schools were damaged,and a further 113 schools were used as sheltersfor IDPs. In total, over 559,000 students havebeen affected by damage to Gaza’s schools anduniversities. Damage was greatest in the Gazagovernorate, particularly in the east, where nineschools were destroyed and 39 damaged.Damage was also significant in pre-school,private, and higher education facilities,although detailed assessments are not yetcomplete. Half of all universities in Gazaare damaged, including Al Aqsa University,Palestine Technical College, the Technologyand Science University, and Islamic University.The impact on students will be long-term and will result in further over-crowding and potentially irregular schedules forGovernment and UN students, who may have to travel further – and at greater cost – to alternate schools. Damaged facilitiesare likely to require three to ten months for reconstruction or rehabilitation. Over 56,000 IDPs remain sheltering in 41 UNRWAschools and two government schools.Educational resources, technologies, supplies, and hygiene facilities were damaged or destroyed on a large-scale, particularlyfollowing the destruction of the MOEHE warehouse: replacing them will be complicated by shortages of fuel and materials, leadingto sharp increase in educational costs. Families of students who have lost their houses would need support in order to ensure theavailability of school uniforms and stationary for their children. Psychosocial support of affected students will also be essential.3.1.4 Civil Society, Community-Based Organizations, and Faith-Based InstitutionsPrior to the AssaultCivil society organizations (CSO) have long had a strong presence in Palestine. CSOs have played a key role in service delivery –especially in the health sector.Impact of the AssaultFull details of the damages inflicted on the civil society in Gaza are not yet available, although an estimated 222 social protectionorganizations and charities were damaged.Places of worship were also damaged, including a number of historical significance. In total, 296 mosques were affected (with 73completely destroyed), three churches were damaged, and 10 cemeteries were damaged.

34The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 3: GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS3.2 InfrastructureResidents of Gaza are struggling to cope without secure supplies of water, sanitation, and power. Nearly half a million peoplewere displaced by danger or housing loss. Around 110,000 people will remain displaced long-term. The implications of thedamage left by the July/August assault are vast, in financial cost, human suffering, and public health. However, the scale of thedamage also brings attention to the chronic vulnerabilities of infrastructure in Gaza. As numerous UN reports have highlighted,the water, sanitation, and energy sectors are close to failure, potentially making Gaza an unlivable place by as soon as 2020.3.2.1 Clearance of Rubble and Explosive Remnants of WarImpact of the AssaultThe Israeli military shelled and bombarded Gaza for seven weeks from sea, air, and land. Over 2.5 million tons of rubble are spreadacross Gaza, particularly in areas that experienced the heaviest bombardment, such as Beit Hanoun, Beit Lahia and Shujaiyeh(Gaza City), Khuza’a, and Rafah.An estimated 20,000 tons of explosives were fired by the Israeli military: some 5,000 ERWs have yet to be secured, according tothe UN. As a result, ERWs currently pose a major threat to children, farmers, IDPs returning home, reconstruction workers, andhumanitarian workers. UNMAS estimates that 713,000 Gaza residents could be affected and that children are at greatest risk, withan estimated 450,000 in danger of accidentally triggering an ERW. Well-placed concerns about ERWs are likely to deter IDPs fromreturning to their homes, if still standing. Rubble clearance will also be complicated by hidden ERWs.The Police Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) unit in Gaza has already identified probable location of ERWs and begun removingand disarming ERWs, when possible. In Khan Younis alone, 1,800 disabling and destroying missions took place during the assault.The EOD Unit continued working throughout the assault, without specialized tools or safety equipment: four EOD staff (includingthe unit head) were killed, along with two journalists, in August while attempting to disarm an ERW.3.2.2 EnergyPrior to the AssaultGaza was suffering from an electricity deficit prior to the July/August assault, as a result of fuel scarcity, inadequate infrastructure, powerleakage, limited financial resources, and impediments on sector development caused by Israeli occupation and restrictions. With thepower supply at 200MW of the required 450MW prior to the assault, daily power cuts were normal (lasting as long as 16 hours in certainareas), restricting private sector operation and affecting the provision of essential services such as water supply, sewage treatment andremoval, and the functioning of health services. Upgrades to the network, improved fuel resources, and additional power lines werealready critically needed to meet current needs alone. Yet, without strategic interventions to create sustainable capacity growth, theenergy crisis will continue: by 2020, Gaza’s energy supply will have to at least double to meet demand.

35Impact of the AssaultLess than 30 percent of electricity demand is now being met. Damaged assets include the main storage warehouse, networkstructures, the north Gaza substation, and the only local electricity power plant. The Gaza Power Plant’s fuel treatment andstorage facilities were completely destroyed. In addition, only 10 percent of the electricity received is utilized due to the extensivedamage sustained by the internal distribution network. For instance, severe network damage means that, in eastern Gaza City,Beit Hanoun, Khuza’a and eastern of Rafah, the majority of households there are not likely to receive electricity.3.2.3 Water and Waste WaterPrior to the AssaultThe water and waste water sectors were at crisis point prior to the assault. Gaza relies almost completely on its coastal aquifer,which is being over-abstracted and infiltrated by sewage, pollution, and sea-water. The aquifer could become unusable as earlyas 2016 and only seven percent of operating water wells produce potable water according to WHO standards. In general, only10 percent of water in Gaza is now potable. Although the water network coverage is almost universal, its distribution efficiencywas down to 55 percent. As a result, access to clean water was already limited, with average consumption at 70-90 percent ofthe global WHO daily standard.Impact of the AssaultThe attacks severely impacted the water, sanitationand hygiene sectors, leaving at least 450,000 peoplevulnerable to serious public health risks. Primarywater pipelines, water reservoirs, house connections,sewage pipelines, wastewater treatment plants, andsewage pumping stations were directly targetedand damaged. Well pumping stations, the wastewater treatment plants, and the desalination processare now disabled by electricity and fuel shortages.Between 20 and 30 percent of water and sewagenetworks remain damaged, mostly in Khan Younis,and 12 percent of wells were destroyed or damaged,mostly in Gaza City, Beit Hanoun, and Deir Al-Balah.Around 90 percent of water (and sanitation) facilities rely on electric power for pumping water to the population. Water provisionis now cut or severely restricted, with residents of North Gaza and Khan Younis most affected. Between 30 to 50 percent ofhousehold water storage capacity was damaged and many households lack the electricity or pumps to fill water storage whenwater is available. Despite rapid repair by the Coastal Water Management Utility (CWMU) of 80 percent of priority repairs toinfrastructure, between 20 to 30 percent (450,000 people) are unable to access municipal water. Costs of desalinated andtinkered water have increased, further limiting access to water for vulnerable families and creating financial stress for the largerpopulation, which was already dependent on private water vendors prior to the assault.Sanitation is also a priority: services are damaged and the massive number of IDPs are overwhelming the public shelters ortheir shared accommodations. This represents a serious imminent public health risk, with infectious diseases reportedly on therise, particularly amongst IDPs. Only 50 percent of wastewater is treated and is flowing into the sea and streets or mixing withwater, posing a severe environmental and public health threat. Although solid waste services are functioning in most areas,collection is infrequent and residents are dumping waste within their communities. Lack of spare parts and fuel for operationand maintenance are likely to cause further service disruptions.

36The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 3: GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS3.2.4 Shelter and HousingPrior to the AssaultGaza was already facing a housing shortage of over 75,000 units, as a result of a rapidly growing and young population, importrestrictions on construction materials, and significant damage and destruction during previous assaults.Impact of the AssaultFurther severe stress was caused by the July/August assault, which affected around 60,000 housing units (or 18 percent of Gaza’shousing stock). Around 20,000 housing units were totally destroyed or severely damaged. A further 40,000 housing units werepartially damaged, impacting a further 260,000 people.One in four Gaza residents were displaced by the Israeli bombardment, forced into public shelters or shared accommodation: ofthat number, over 68 percent were displaced by housing damage. Weeks after the ceasefire, as this report goes to print, some110,000 IDPs remain in public shelters or with host families.Type of damage Destroyed Severe Damage Partial damage Total UnitsDescription Totally destroyed houses, beyondrepair. Need demolition andreconstruction.Severe damages in essentialparts of house. Uninhabitableuntil major rehabilitation workMajor or minor damages inpart of house. House can beinhabited but needs repairsis undertaken.North Gaza 2,300 2,300 8,000 12,600Gaza 2,900 2,900 15,000 20,800Middle Gaza 1,500 1,500 6,000 9,000Khan Younis 2,000 2,000 7,000 11,000Rafah 1,300 1,300 4,000 6,600Total 10,000 10,000 40,000 60,0003.2.5 Government Buildings and Other Public InfrastructureImpact of the AssaultThe impact of the July/August assault was universal on public infrastructure. Municipalities, central government authorities, andUNRWA report destruction and damage to facilities, and critical operational infrastructure and equipment. In total, 78 publicbuildings were destroyed, adding to the 28 public buildings destroyed in previous assaults.3.2.6 Border CrossingsThe 2006 Access and Movement Agreement (AMA) identified six border crossings for commercial and traveler use, as well asthe international airport and commercial seaport. Currently, only three border crossings are functional, with minimal movementallowed across all three. Other crossings and access (including the safe passage to the West Bank) are not open, and their facilitiesrange from being under-developed, damaged, deteriorated, or destroyed. This non-compliance with the AMA has suppressedeconomic growth and effectively imprisoned 1.8 million people.3.2.7 RoadsImpact of the AssaultThe municipal road networks suffered the most damage. One in every two kilometers of regional roads in Gaza were alreadyunpaved or damaged, as a result of damage in previous Israeli incursions or because rehabilitation was hindered by the blockade.Further damage to roads during the assault impeded rapid response and civilian evacuation and continues to constrain provisionof basic and critical services. Khan Younis, Gaza, and North Gaza experienced the greatest road damage respectively.

373.3 Economic SectorThe private sector in Gaza has undergone more than a decade of strife since 2000. The nearly complete halt in imports to andexports from Gaza after 2007 resulted in a dramatic drop in manufacturing and agricultural outputs, as most items essential toprivate sector revitalization remain on banned lists and are inaccessible.Although the blockade was slightly eased in 2010 to allow imports of consumer goods and construction materials for donorfunded projects, restrictions on imports of construction and raw materials to the private sector are still fully in place; similarly,exports to the West Bank and Israeli markets, which traditionally absorbed around 85 percent of Gaza’s exports, are still restricted.Combined with the destruction of the tunnels that were the only other unofficial supply line for Gaza (enabling an estimated$700 million annual trade), the blockade has effectively suffocated the economy. Significantly, engagement in innovative andbusiness-upgrading activities has dropped among Palestinian firms in recent years, driven primarily by diminished levels ofactivity among Gaza firms.The most recent assault has been a further, severe shock. Thousands of factories and commercial establishments are damaged ordestroyed and the agricultural and fishing industries are in ruins. Unemployment, which was already at unacceptably high levels,has been exacerbated. Sustainable recovery will require significant efforts to generate private sector-led growth.3.3.1 Agriculture and FishingPrior to the AssaultSince the 1990s, agriculture in Gaza has been in a steady and serious decline. While Israeli military restrictions on access andmovement have been destructive in all economic sectors, the agricultural sector has been one of the worst hit. Seventeenpercent of Gaza is largely off-limits, including 35 percent of its agricultural land, while more than 3,000 fishermen do not haveaccess to 85 percent of the maritime areas agreed in the 1995 Oslo Accords. As a result, fewer crops are now grown and the fishcatch has decreased dramatically. Overall, land and sea restrictions affect 178,000 people, 12 percent of Gaza residents, and resultin annual estimated losses of almost $80 million from agricultural production and fishing.

38The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 3: GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDSImpact of the AssaultThe agricultural sector was directly targeted by during the July/August assault: 30 percent of agricultural land was damaged.Much of the best agricultural land was part of the operational area of the Israeli military and is assumed to be contaminated byERWs. These will need to be cleared before farmers can be confident of working their land safely.An estimated 40 percent of livestock died: half the poultry stock and hundreds of sheep and cows perished in the bombardmentor from lack of feed and water, when owners could not access their farms. A large number of the irrigation wells, irrigationsystems, greenhouses, productive trees, post-harvest facilities, and agricultural equipment were also targeted and destroyed.The areas most affected in the agricultural sector are Khan Younis, followed by Rafah, Gaza, North Gaza, and Middle Gaza.The fishery sector was also greatly affected: fishermen could not access the sea for the duration for the assault and many boatswere destroyed. In the first month of the assault, nine percent of the annual catch was lost, impacting the already limited,protein-low Gaza diet.3.3.2 Industry and ManufacturingPrior to the AssaultThe industrial sector in Gaza is mainly comprised of small and medium sized firms representing 94 percent of the total industrialenterprises in Gaza. Over 50 percent of enterprises across the industrial, furniture, garment, textile, and agribusiness sectors wereclosed over recent years due to a combination of physical damage inflicted by the conflicts and deteriorating market conditionscaused by trade restrictions. The Palestinian Federation of Industries (PFI) reports that the number of industrial workers droppedfrom 350,000 in 2005 to less than 15,000 in mid-2013, which is a strong indication of the shrinking industrial base in Gaza.Electricity has become the top binding constraint reported by Palestinian firms in Gaza, second only to political instability. Theblockade halted Gaza’s exports, virtually ending the operations of key export sectors: the number of truckloads that currently exitGaza is less than four percent of the pre-blockade 2006 rate and one percent of the 2000 rate, averaging one truck only everytwo days in 2013 and 2014.Impact of the AssaultGaza’s weakened industrial firms suffered both direct and indirect losses as a result of the assault. In total, 990 industrial enterpriseswere impacted: 297 factories and workshops were destroyed and 693 were partially damaged. The construction industry sufferedthe biggest losses, making up 28 percent of damaged industries, while the greatest concentration of damage was in Gaza City,where 68 percent of the damaged industries were located. Many industrial facilities had to suspend their production because ofpower and fuel shortages. In turn, the closure of facilities and suspension of production resulted in dismissal of workers becausefirms were unable to pay wages.Although companies in the Gaza Industrial Estate (GIE) were not directly targeted, infrastructure at the GIE was damaged, restrictingthe operations of firms within the estate even after the assault.

393.3.3 Trade and ServicesPrior to the AssaultTrade activities in Gaza are extremely difficult under strict Israeli measures and full control over the crossings. This has deprivedfirms of access to West Bank and international markets. The internal trade sector in Gaza is mainly comprised of micro and smallenterprises representing 99 percent of the total commercial enterprises. The trade sector is well connected with agriculture andmanufacturing. Without a scale up in these sectors, retail and wholesale activities will not be able to flourish.Israeli movement and access restrictions have limited the telecommunications sector for years, including on the launch of asecond Palestinian mobile phone operator, the import of equipment, and the movement of personnel into and out of Gaza.International tourism has become a moribund industry due to restrictions on entry into Gaza, although domestic (internal)tourism has grown, as Palestinians seek leisure within the confines of the blockaded borders of Gaza. However, this is insufficientto occupy the 15 hotels.Impact of the AssaultNearly 4,200 commercial enterprises suffered during the assault: around 1,255 were destroyed and 2,928 were partially damaged.Over 90 percent are small stores.The scale of damage and destruction to telecommunications (telephony and internet) infrastructure is reported to be significant,with the damage mainly in the fixed line network. Rehabilitation will depend on access to materials from the external marketand entrance of specialized personnel into Gaza. The mobile communications network is seriously disrupted in a number ofGaza districts: 225 stations have no power supply and 14 stations were destroyed.The assault has dealt a further blow to the tourism industry. Many of important sites were damaged during the July/August assault,including three submitted by the Government for addition to UNESCO’s list of World Heritage sites.Five bank branches were damaged during the bombardment. The degree of indirect losses to the banking sector will becomeclear as the situation stabilizes and banks determine which customers will be unable to pay back their loans, and the impact ofthis on total non-performing loans.3.3.4 Employment and LivelihoodPrior to the AssaultUnemployment was at 45 percent (after a sharp increase from 28 percent following the end of the tunnel trade in mid-2013):nearly 70 percent of young people were unemployed.Impact of the AssaultWhile final figures are not yet available about the level of unemployment post-assault, the widespread devastation of theeconomic sector and the prolonged suspension of work indicate that the rate of unemployment has jumped significantly andwill remain higher than the pre-assault rate for a prolonged period.

40The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 3: GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS3.4 Governance SectorA functional and unified public administration under the National Consensus Government is pivotal to the success of therecovery and reconstruction plan, to stabilizing Gaza, and to providing services to its citizens. Within the period of this Plan,the Government, in parallel to leading and implementing the recovery and reconstruction effort, will need to assume effectiveauthority and sole governmental responsibilities in Gaza; consolidate authority over ministries and Government agencies andreintegrate them with national institutions; harmonize and rationalize the civil service in Gaza; and gradually assume securityresponsibilities as part of a comprehensive security sector reform, starting with the assumption of policing responsibilities underthe authority of the Government to maintain civic law and order.The scale of destruction and massive displacement as a result of the Israeli assault could potentially lead to destabilized security,if immediate relief and early recovery are not provided adequately. Accordingly, the first objective in the short-term is to ensurethe operations of central and local government institutions for relief, early recovery, and reconstruction of Gaza. Achieving thiswill require a temporary solution for the personnel engaged by the previous de facto authorities post-June 2007 who have notreceived regular payments for a prolonged period of up to one year. This temporary mechanism will be limited in time andfunction in parallel to beginning the process of harmonization and rationalization of the civil service, aimed at determining theretention and retraining of existing civil servants who are not currently in active duty and the possible integration of personnelwho were recruited over the past seven years by the previous de-facto authorities, following the determination of their status.3.4.1 Operational Capacity of Central Government InstitutionsThe consolidation of the public administration under the authority of the National Consensus Government requires a carefulexamination of available modalities within the existing fiscal limitations of the budget. The civil service employees in Gazahave not been able to assume their responsibilities yet and return to their work. In addition, those employed by the previousde facto authorities after June 2007 have not received regular payments for months, and their status remains undefined. Theseinclude some 10,000 personnel in the education and health sectors, who perform vital social services for the population. Thisis in addition to several thousand civil police officers and members of the security apparatus. This situation is not tenable andthreatens the operational capacity of central government institutions to implement early recovery and reconstruction programs.The consolidation of the public administration and service provision will further be complicated by the immediate impact of theassault, which resulted in the destruction of public buildings, along with government equipment and vehicles.3.4.2 Operational Capacity of Local Government InstitutionsMunicipalities are direct providers of essential daily services to their citizens and as such play a key role in recovery andreconstruction efforts.Municipalities to a large degree depend on revenues for services and municipal fees and taxes. In impoverished Gaza, however,citizens are not able to pay these service fees and taxes. As a result, municipal personnel have not received regular paymentsfor months, and currently only core personnel is reporting to work. While conditions vary slightly between municipalities, theoperational capacity of municipalities has been compromised during the most critical period. Especially in the current recoveryand reconstruction phase, it is vital that municipalities work at their maximum capacity.Municipalities have also suffered direct losses. Municipal facilities and equipment have been destroyed and damaged throughoutGaza, though Rafah, Beit Lahia, and Gaza City incurred most of the damages. These damages further undermine the operationalcapacity of the affected municipalities.

413.4.3 Rule of Law and Human RightsThe weeks of shelling and bombardment have compromised rule of law and human rights in Gaza beyond the assault. Lawenforcement infrastructure, courts, prosecution departments, and family courts, as well as the only women’s shelter were alsodestroyed or damaged. The Palestinian Bar Association lost eight of its lawyers.While enforcement capacities have been weakened, protection needs have increased substantially, including at IDP centers.Considering the massive loss of lives and property and the corresponding need to find alternative shelter, it is expected that ruleof law institutions will be confronted with a strong increase in caseloads related to land, property, and housing rights, as well aswith personal status, heritage, and custody issues.The disproportional killing of civilians and the massive destruction of civilian infrastructure all point out to serious violations ofInternational Humanitarian Law by Israel. Human rights organizations based in Gaza and the West Bank have mobilized theirresources and are cooperating in documenting and investigating violations of International Humanitarian Law. These activities arevital for ensuring accountability and need to be conducted at the very early stage, at times ahead of the removal of rubble andother damages.3.4.4 Implementation and CoordinationAs noted above, widespread destruction and government transitions have impacted the capacity and resources of theGovernment. There is a need to upgrade the operational capacity of central government institutions to implement this Plan.

42The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION4RECOVERY ANDRECONSTRUCTIONINTERVENTIONSRelief activities are already underway to respond to humanitarian needs andincrease availability of essential services. The interventions outlined below buildupon ongoing and planned relief activities and are designed to be an effectivebridge between current critical needs and a more sustainable response to newand chronic needs in Gaza. This is particularly important because of the decline inthe quality of services and economic conditions before the July/August assault.In order to address the needs of people in Gaza in an integrated and coordinatedway, priority interventions must ensure that sectoral and sub-sectoral needs areconsidered in relation to each other. Interventions in one sector will reinforce thosein others. For example, an improved supply of energy will increase availability ofwater and sanitation services, improving living conditions (particularly for IDPs),reducing public health risks, and protecting the vulnerable (such as women andchildren). Energy is also critical to reviving the private sector, which will be animportant supply and employment resource during recovery and reconstruction.The sequencing and prioritization of recovery and reconstruction activitiesrecommended below is a result of the careful consideration of the various subsectorsof the Plan.11.Social Sector22.Infrastructure Sector33.Economic Sector44.Governance Sector

44The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS4.1 Social SectorResponse in the social sector will be quick and significant. Social protection programs are being expanded to accommodate thenewly poor and vulnerable. Education and health services will be strengthened to cope with the systemic shocks triggered bythe assault and the increased demand on services.4.1.1 Social Protection and Social Safety NetsRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total$230m $8m $80m $317mTens of thousands of families are struggling to cope in the aftermath of destruction, death, and financial loss. Over 30,000households (around 172,500 individuals) are estimated to have newly fallen into poverty and food insecurity, increasing thealready substantial number of people dependent on aid. There is an immediate need to significantly scale up the Government’sexisting social protection programs as a result, including:• Cash Transfer Program for 95,000 households (up from a pre-assault 65,000 household level)• Health insurance coverage for 70,000 households (up from 40,000 household level)• Regular food assistance (through WFP) for 55,000 households (up from 25,000 households)These scaled up programs are expected to last up to two years.A second exceptional food distribution will be provided to all households not already receiving regular food assistance (estimatedto include 730,000 households). Short-term assistance will also be provided to newly displaced and conflict-affected refugeefamilies, including food parcels to IDPs in shelters and non-food items (NFI) to IDPs and refugee families.Early recovery interventions will seek to create or strengthen longer-term support, including raising awareness of and respondingto the emerging needs of refugee women, providing reimbursement of medical and burial expenses, providing new orphanswith sponsorship cash allowance, and exempting 140,000 students from school fees (up from 120,000). Child protection systemswill be strengthened, including child protection services, helplines, referrals, and resilience building activities, particularly inresponse to children living in displaced families.

45Longer-term assistance projects will aim to strengthen vulnerable households (e.g., households headed by women or includingthe disabled) by supporting income-generating projects and encourage newly disabled people to re-integrate throughvocational training and home adaptations.Protection for women against gender-based violence (GBV) will be increased through multiple interventions, including arapid assessment, mapping of available services for women and girls, strengthening of protection resources (e.g., safe places,protection committees, and referral pathways), and awareness raising amongst women and their community about GBV andspecialized services.A new assessment of vulnerability in Gaza will also be conducted, based on a survey of household expenditure and consumption.4.1.2 Health and Psychosocial Well-BeingRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total$14m $159m $45m $218mIn the aftermath of the assault, health services are overburdened, under-resourced, and still very much in demand. Interventionsmust focus on ensuring hospitals, clinics, and other health providers are able to respond, now and in the long-term. Primaryhealth care services are crucial to prevent outbreaks of diseases and – in the relief phase - will be provided to IDPs in shelters,particularly new mothers.Health facilities will be provided with medication and medical supplies to replenish stocks exhausted during the July/Augustassault. Eight hospitals, 21 primary health care clinics, two psychiatric clinics and a clinic for the handicapped need repair andre-equipping, following damage to physical infrastructure, equipment, and furniture. Specialized medical equipment also needsrepairing or replacing: electromechanical, medical equipment, and spare parts will also be provided, along with 25 ambulances.During the recovery phase, the health system will be strengthened by analyzing and responding to needs in health humanresource, health information, medical stocks, non-communicable disease care standards, and emergency preparedness. Thecooling chain for vaccines will be restored, with capacity improvements, and provide a new stock of vaccines.Psychosocial support will also be a key early recovery intervention, including for displaced families, including young girls andelderly people, 100,000 children whose families lost their homes, new widows and women whose household has lost incomeearners,GBV survivors, 1,000 newly disabled, 1,500 new orphans, and UNRWA staff who worked during the assault.Specialized protection mechanisms will be established to serve 60,000 highly vulnerable children with psychosocial services.Schools will also serve as a mechanism for responding to trauma amongst children, including awareness-raising and counsellingsessions for school teachers, students, staff, and school safety committees; school-based activities to promote non-violence,child protection, and psycho-social support by teachers and counselors; and psycho-social support to pupils and teachers toimprove coping skills.During the reconstruction phase, five primary health clinics and two rehabilitation centers destroyed during the assault will bereconstructed and equipped. Finally, a comprehensive review of health sector emergency preparedness and response plans willbe carried out.

46The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS4.1.3 EducationRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total$1m $45m $75m $121mWith half the Gaza population under 18, education can be used as a primary mechanism for social and psychosocial stabilizationthroughout Gaza. Schools can provide much needed structure and normalcy for children, who are suffering from direct or indirecttrauma. Damage was done across the entire educational spectrum: from pre-schools to universities. There is a massive scale ofrebuilding, repairing, and re-equipping that must be done in governmental, UN, private, and NGO schools and universities.Schools will cater for students with existing or new disabilities (caused during the assault) who either have lost their specializedequipment (e.g., mobility aids or hearing aids) in the assault or have new needs. Emergency education will also be provided tochildren living in IDP shelters.As the school year starts, new school supplies (e.g., uniforms, bags, and stationery) are being distributed to students, with a focuson internally displaced students.To promote educational early recovery, 144 government and UNRWA schools, one private school, three pre-schools, and fouruniversities will be repaired and re-equipped. A further twenty-two governmental schools, two pre-schools, and two universitybuildings will need to be reconstructed.Since school capacity was already insufficient in Government and UNRWA schools, reconstruction plans will aim at creatingsufficient capacity for both current and future students.Therefore, reconstruction plans will aim at creating sufficient capacity for both current and future student population. UNRWAwill also build transitional schooling facilities for refugees. A number of programs will be introduced to strengthen educationaldelivery and respond to the aftermath of the assault.

474.1.4 Civil Society, Community-Based Organizations, and Faith-BasedInstitutionsRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $4m $41m $45mCivil society organizations suffered heavily during the assault with over 220 organizations experiencing significant damage.These charities and NGOs will receive a one-time payment to help them re-establish their services to their 180,000 beneficiaries.Nearly 200 mosques will be rehabilitated and 73 mosques will be reconstructed. Reconstruction will also be undertaken for arange of archaeological and cultural sites.4.1.5 Summary of Interventions in Social SectorInterventions & Estimated Costs by PhaseSub-Sector Relief Early Recovery ReconstructionSocial• Cash assistance and healthinsurance for an additional 30,000newly vulnerable households• Food and non-food assistance toIDPs and non-IDPs(*all to continue for full duration of plan)• Reimbursement of medical andburial expenses• Exemptions from tuition fees forstudents• Strengthening protection forwomen and children• Support to permanently disabled• Livelihood support to vulnerablehouseholds• Strengthening GBV protection• Vulnerability assessmentHealthEducationCivil societyESTIMATEDSUB-SECTORCOSTTOTAL SECTORCOSTEstimated Cost: $230m Estimated Cost: $8m Estimated Cost: $80m• Emergency repairs on essentialequipment and vehicles• Primary health care services forpersons in shelters• Restocking of medication andmedical supplies• Rehabilitation of 8 damagedhospitals and 24 clinics• Replacement of medicalequipment, spare parts, and 25ambulances• Restoration of cooling chain for vaccines• Expanded psycho-social support• Improved health services forrefugees and children• Health system strengthening• Reconstruction of destroyedhospital• Reconstruction of 5 destroyed clinics• Emergency preparednessEstimated Cost: $14m Estimated Cost: $159m Estimated Cost: $45m• Provision of aids for disabledstudents• Emergency education in shelters• Rehabilitation of 145 schools• Rehabilitation of 4 universities• Rehabilitation of 3 pre-schools• Provision of schooling supplies• Rehabilitation of 24 heavilydamaged schools and pre-schools• Reconstruction of 2 universitybuildings• Crisis preparedness• Remedial education• Transitional schooling facilitiesEstimated Cost: $1m Estimated Cost: $45m Estimated Cost: $75m• Rehabilitation of damaged NGOinfrastructure• Support to 222 social protectionNGOs with partial damagesEstimated Cost: $4m• Reconstruction of destroyed NGOinfrastructure• Rehabilitation of 196 mosques• Reconstruction of 73 mosques• Rehabilitation of archaeologicaland cultural sitesEstimated Cost: $41 m$245m $215m $241m$701m

48The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS4.2 Infrastructure SectorImmediate response, as part of the relief and early recovery effort, is essential to ease individual suffering and increaseaccess to basic services. However, given that Gaza’s infrastructure was already at breaking point prior to the assault,short term fixes cannot evolve into long-term solutions. Equally, the infrastructure reconstruction effort cannot simplybe a re-building of pre-existing infrastructure. Instead, reconstruction efforts will be informed by long-term, cross-sectorinfrastructure planning that will establish effective integrated infrastructure networks as the basis for long-term sustainablesocial and economic development.A critical pre-requisite for infrastructure development is access and movement. Even the most urgent need or the most strategicpriority cannot be met if the blockade is not ended. Without materials and fuel, networks cannot be mended, houses cannot bebuilt, and a healthy and sustainable future cannot be assured4.2.1 Clearance of Rubble and Explosive Remnants of WarRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $20m $14m $34mTwo and a half million tons of rubble need to be removed, the mass clearance can be divided between the early recovery phaseand the reconstruction phase. Although it is not suitable for rebuilding, the rubble removed during the reconstruction phasecan be reused for road rehabilitation, curbs stones, and road paving. Large chunks of concrete can be reused as wave breakersfor the fishing harbor.Given the high tonnage of munitions used during this assault and the December 2008 assault, there is a significant risk that ERWswill be hidden in the rubble. Activities will include rapid assessments, emergency ERW (and explosive hazards) risk educationfor civilians and humanitarian actors in highly impacted neighborhoods, as well as the oversight and monitoring of marking,collection, and disposal of ERW by the Police EOD teams as and when the security and political situations allow. Activities wouldbegin in the early recovery phase and continue through the reconstruction phase.

494.2.2 EnergyRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $32m $153m $185mA steady and sufficient supply of electricity is essential to Gaza’s recovery. Immediate repairs are needed to the badly damagedgrid. A temporary storage facility will be found for electrical equipment, until the construction of a new main storage facility forelectrical equipment is completed as part of reconstruction.An initial repair of the Gaza Power Plant has been completed to allow for its operation. In addition, planned early recovery willsee the restoration of the main power lines for supply from Israel and the provision of electrical materials to repair networks. Inparallel, the possible expansion of supply of electricity through existing lines from Egypt is being explored. Other potential shorttermalternatives are being evaluated, which include a connection to a floating naval power station.However, the pre-existing energy deficit requires more than an attempt to return to the cost-inefficient status quo. In the longterm,the Government will promote the cost-saving conversion of the Gaza Power Plant to natural gas from industrial diesel bythe private sector.4.2.3 Water and Waste WaterRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total$40m $80m $116m $236mWhile pressing health risks justify immediate and primary focus on repairs, the water and sanitation sector is facing serioussystemic failings that must be addressed to ensure sustainable water sources and sanitation systems in the future. Long-terminterventions are essential to enable Gaza’s water and sanitation services to accommodate citizen and environmental demandsnow and in the future.Immediate interventions will include the provision of mobile pumps and generators (with spare parts and fuel) for pumpingwater and wastewater. Access to clean water will be improved through the provision of chlorine to disinfect water. IDPs willreceive water for drinking and domestic use through water trucks and bulk water storage units and will have access to newsanitation installations. Water and sanitation support for IDPs will continue through the early recovery phase.

50The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONSAt the same time, the Palestine Water Authority will upgrade its operational capacity by procuring new machinery, equipment,and vehicles to replace damaged or destroyed assets. Response to this operational need can be both emergency and earlyrecovery, but assistance will begin immediately to support rapid system repairs.Urgent repairs have been done, including the restoration of the Rafah Waste Water Treatment Plant pipeline to the sea, whichstopped partially treated waste water seeping into ground water wells. However, significant numbers of water and sanitationsystems, desalination units, wastewater pumping stations, and wastewater treatment plants need repair, as part of the earlyrecovery effort.Municipal public roads, water and sanitation services, and electrical installations will be repaired to facilitate early recovery andprotect public health, particularly of the most vulnerable. Transitional solid waste dumps will be cleared.In a later phase, water wells, networks, and tanks, and sanitation networks will be completely rebuilt, particularly in areas ofwidespread destruction, including in Beit Hanoun, Jabalia, Shujaiyeh, eastern Rafah, and the eastern Khan Younis villages. Thoseareas need a complete water and waste water infrastructure solution, which may require a re-design of the networks based onthe new population in the area.During recovery and reconstruction phases, additional supply of potable water will be provided through supply of more waterfrom Israel of up to additional 10 MCM per year.Longer-term responses to the challenges of clean water and sanitation for the people of Gaza must be funded. In light ofthe current demand for fresh water and the expected growth by some 60 percent over current levels of abstraction from theaquifer, the increase of potable water supply in the short-term and the longer-term through the interventions proposed beloware essential to restoring the aquifer. Already the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) recommends ceasing abstractionimmediately from the aquifer to avoid irreversible damage and enable its recovery, a process which is expected to take decades.4.2.4 Shelter and HousingRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total$129m $143m $910m $1,182mHeavy bombardment of residential areas has damaged or demolished an estimated 60,000 housing units across Gaza, in a sectorstill trying to recover from previous bombardments and import bans on construction materials. This housing damage displacedone in four people in Gaza: at the time of going to print, over 110,000 people still remain in shelters or with host families.

51A joint program for early recovery and reconstruction will be implemented by the Government, UNRWA, and UNDP to respondto the needs of refugee and non-refugee families whose houses had been affected by assault. The Government, UNRWA, andthe UNDP will conduct joint shelter assessments of damaged and destroyed homes in Gaza to help facilitate a transition periodfor internally displaced persons.Support to households is based on the extent of the damages suffered. The 20,000 families whose homes have been destroyedor severely damaged – and therefore are uninhabitable - will receive temporary support measures before their houses can bereconstructed. These include a rental subsidy/host family support package, which will provide each family between $200-250per month depending on family size for rental. A one-time reintegration cash allowance will also be provided to the families toenable the purchase of necessary NFIs. The Government will increase the currently limited rental capacity in Gaza by finishing4,000 semi-constructed housing units for use as temporary shelters for IDPs over a two-year period.Based on an assessment of the value of damages, the 40,000 families whose homes were partially damaged during the assaultwill receive support of up to $3,000 per household to undertake house repairs.In the longer-term, the 20,000 destroyed or severely damaged housing units will be rehabilitated or reconstructed by theGovernment and UNRWA. This will form the largest part of the housing budget, with the reconstruction cost of a unit estimatedat $60,000 and repair of severe damage at $25,000.In addition, the plan also covers 1,000 housing units destroyed that will also be reconstructed and rehabilitated to ease the preassaulthousing deficit.The planned reconstruction and repair of these housing units is entirely contingent on the availability of construction materials, which– in turn – depends on the complete removal of restrictions on imports to the private sector imposed by Israel, in addition to removingobstacles and delays on the entry of materials to international agencies4.2.5 Government Buildings and Other Public InfrastructureRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $51m $97m $149mDuring the early recovery phase, ministries that were directly affected by the assault will provide temporary buildings andfurniture for their employees. The Government will rehabilitate municipality buildings and facilities (e.g., garages, storehouses).UNRWA will repair partially damaged schools, health centers, food distribution centers, and offices.Destroyed buildings will be reconstructed at a later stage and include UNRWA facilities and 106 public buildings (including 28buildings destroyed in previous assaults). The Government will also repair recreational sites and lighting/electrical works.4.2.6 Border CrossingsRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $5m $50m $55mIn Gaza, the political and security turmoil has rendered the crossings totally dysfunctional or non-existent. A new arrangementat the crossings between Gaza and Israel and between Gaza and Egypt will be necessary. This Plan provides an overview of keyfunctionalities to be achieved during the post-assault recovery and reconstruction. However, the details and prioritization ofinterventions at border crossings will be finalized in internationally-mediated negotiations.Trade facilitation is the paramount driving force in the selection of border crossings. Gaza is and will continue to be dependenton trade with other countries for its economic development. As a result, border crossings must be strategically located.

52The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONSFurthermore, special needs of certain products must be considered in locating and constructing border crossings: for instance,agricultural products, aggregates, and pipelines need to have dedicated crossings. Basic equipment and operational costs willbe provided during the early recovery phase to facilitate movement through the crossings.New infrastructure and additional facilities will be constructed for the movement of passengers. In addition to infrastructuredevelopment requirements at the crossings, off site infrastructure leading to the crossings will require development, in particularsuitable access roads. Capacity development will also be required to ensure the effective and sustained operation of the crossings.4.2.7 RoadsRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- - $70m $70mExtensive damage of municipal infrastructure is reported across Gaza, with the most damage inflicted in Gaza City, Beit Hanoun,Khuza’a, Bani Suheila, and Beit Lahia. Several roads will be rebuilt during the reconstruction phase, including the Al-Karamahroad, the northern part of Salah Ed-Din road, and some municipal roads.

534.2.8 Summary of Interventions in Infrastructure SectorInterventions & Estimated Costs by PhaseSub-Sector Relief Early Recovery ReconstructionRubble andERWRubble and ERW removal• Heavy machinery for MOPWH• Rubble and ERW removalEnergy:electricity, fuel,and gasWater, wastewater andsanitation• Restoration of temporary waterprovision• Water provision to IDPs• Clearance of transitional solidwaste dump sitesEstimated Cost: $20m Estimated Cost: $14m• Restoration of power lines• Equipment for network repair• Alternative temporary electricitygeneration• New supply line from Israel• Restoring transmission system• New storage facilityEstimated Cost: $32m Estimated Cost: $153m• Restore PWA/CMWU capacity• Continued restoration oftemporary water provision• Continued water provision to IDPs• Rehabilitation of water andwastewater infrastructure• Rehabilitation of solid wastedisposal capacity• Restoration of PWA/CMWUcapacity• Continued rehabilitation of waterand wastewater infrastructure• Procurement of water from Israel(15MCM/year)Housing andShelterPublicBuildingsRoadsEstimated Cost: $40m Estimated Cost: $80m Estimated Cost: $116m• Rental subsidy/host familysupport for those withuninhabitable housing• One-time household itemsallowance for those withuninhabitable housing• Temporary shelter solutions forthose with uninhabitable housing• Assessment and compensationfor repair of damaged houses• Reconstruction of houses• Repair of severely damagedhousesEstimated Cost: $129m Estimated Cost: $143m Estimated Cost: $910m• Temporary location and furniturefor affected ministries• Repairs of UNRWA installations• Reconstruction of 106 publicbuildings• Rehabilitation of lighting• Rehabilitation of recreational sites(parks, sports facilities)Estimated Cost: $51m Estimated Cost: $97m• Road repairBorderCrossings• Initial limited operation ofcrossingsEstimated Cost: $70m• Rehabilitation of border crossingsEnvironmentESTIMATEDSUB-SECTORCOSTTOTAL SECTORCOSTEstimated Cost: $5m Estimated Cost: $50m• Environmental damage andhazardous waste managementassessmentEstimated Cost: $ 1m$169m $332m $1,411m$1.9b

54The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS4.3 Economic SectorThe private sector has a crucial role to play in Gaza’s early recovery and long-term economic growth. It will be the productionand trading source of materials and services needed by Gaza residents to feed and clothe their families, repair their homes,and rebuild their lives. A stronger private sector can also generate more income-generation opportunities, whether throughemployment in existing companies or industries immediately critical to Gaza’s recovery, including construction and agriculture.In addition, Gaza has in the past demonstrated a high capacity for manufacturing and agricultural production in sectors such asfurniture, textiles, strawberries, and flowers, to name a few. This capacity suggests a great potential for Gaza to serve as a hub forproduction of high quality goods and specialty services in the Middle East.Therefore, rebuilding the private sector entails much more than rebuilding factories and farms damaged in recent years, andmuch more than re-creating former linkages to past markets in traditional sectors. The economy in Gaza must be reconceived tobe better placed in responding to world market demands several years from now. This will require investment in a highly skilled,modern work force, the technology and equipment to produce high quality goods and services that command competitiveprices, and an up-to-date and ever evolving understanding of the demands of world markets. The private sector must be readysoon to take advantage of the opportunity to serve markets from which it has been effectively banned for many years.4.3.1 Agriculture and FishingRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $194m $257m $451mGiven the seasonal nature of agricultural production, farmers will need rapid assistance in repairing agricultural land, crops,fruit trees, and livestock to restore their livelihoods and improve agricultural supplies to local markets. This will also be requiredfor fishermen. Detailed assessments will be undertaken to assess damages and understand losses. Compensation for losses isexpected to be a first step in early recovery.

55Thereafter, Government will implement a series of interventions under the umbrella of an Agricultural Support Program (ASP). Theseinterventions will provide assistance to small farmers and households who have been affected by the assault on Gaza, including:1. Assistance to farmers who own or lease lands that have been affected by the Israeli assaults. Affected farmers will besupported by the provision of financing to procure needed greenhouse materials, water storage and drip irrigation systems,and seed/plant stock. To the extent possible, agricultural inputs should be procured locally to help restore Gaza industries.Repair or replacement of physical infrastructure of the agricultural sector will be needed.2. Assistance to farmers and households who have lost livestock. ASP will provide financial assistance for these farmers torehabilitate their livelihood assets; procure livestock and repair their farms.3. Assistance to fishermen to repair and/or replace their damaged equipment and boats.ASP will provide an important source of economic security to disadvantaged women and youth.4.3.2 Industry and ManufacturingRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $75m $284m $359mThe Government will work to support the industrial and manufacturing sector in rebuildingits capacity and strengthening its future productivity. All industrial firms reportingdamages will undergo a damage assessment that will certify the level of losses andeligibility for assistance.Compensation for production losses will be distributed as a first step in early recovery.Thereafter the Government will implement a series of interventions under the umbrella ofan Industrial Repair Program (IRP). These interventions will rapidly respond to the severedamage to the private sector and help jump-start the production cycle, including in thefood and construction sectors. These two industries are particularly critical. The foodindustry can help provide food security to Gazan citizens, whilst construction firms mustbe prepared to have an active role in the reconstruction efforts.To be eligible for assistance, firms will need to show proven track records of productionin the past, that they are economically viable, or have the potential to resume operationsonce equipment or physical infrastructure is restored.The program will provide financial grants to firms to assist them to:• Renovate and/or reconstruct destroyed business premises and facilities. Such premises have to be either owned by the applicant orleased for a minimum of one year from the application date.• Repair or replace equipment in damaged factories and firms that have lost their core production equipment.• Acquire office equipment, such as computers, telephones, fax machines, and furniture, to continue their operations.The implementation approach will stress the importance of job creation not only at the beneficiary level but at the suppliers and serviceproviders end as well. A cost-sharing mechanism by the firms will be encouraged.The Government is exploring options to support the relocation of destroyed factories to the GIE, pending the immediate repair ofdamaged infrastructure of the industrial estate. Preliminary analysis suggest that also scope for expanding the GIE by 50 percent toaccommodate these relocations.

56The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS4.3.3 Trade and servicesRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $130m $77m $207mSimilarly to industrial firms, all trade and services firms reporting damages will undergo a damage assessment that will certify thelevel of losses and eligibility for assistance.Compensation for production losses will be distributed as a first step in early recovery.Thereafter, the Government will implement a series of interventions under the umbrella of a Commercial and ServicesRehabilitation Program (CSRP). The CSRP will provide cash grants to micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) who havebeen affected by the assault. Co-ordinated interventions will offer commercial MSMEs (e.g. vendors, and small workshops) cashgrants to repair damages in their facilities, replenish their lost stocks, and resume their businesses. The program will also identifydamages in the services sector (e.g. hotels, restaurants, and ICT firms) and provide grants to damaged enterprises to repairand furnish their facilities and get back to work. If needed, businesses will then be connected to financial institutions (such asmicrofinance institutions) that work in Gaza in order to ensure access to finance for future needs.The program will be implemented in a phased approach and payments will be done on installments to ensure that the businesseshave actually fulfilled their commitments in terms of repairing their facilities and procured goods and / or productive assets.4.3.4 Employment and LivelihoodRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $62m $7m $69mUnemployment has increased from the pre-assault 45 percent, as a result of damage to industries and commercial enterprises.Job creation will stimulate early recovery both at the household level and in key private sector areas that can use manpower torehabilitate and re-activate their industries.Cash-for-work (CFW) will be a key early recovery initiative, supporting other interventions, including repair and recovery, includingrubble removal for temporary housing, infrastructure works related to reconstruction, labor intensive road tiling, digging ditchesfor water and wastewater pipes, and repairing industrial zones.

574.3.5 Facilitating InvestmentRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $20m $130m $150mAvailability of capital will be critical to the recovery and reconstruction efforts of the private sector. Recognizing the extremepressure that the assault has placed on private businesses, the Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA) has already implementeda scheme for deferral of repayment of existing loans. Looking forward, in addition to providing compensation and assistanceto the private sector, the Government, and the PMA will work with the banking sector to put in place appropriate financingmechanisms to enable the private sector to access additional financing for the recovery and reconstruction efforts. Throughthese mechanisms, the private sector should be able to secure increased access to working capital (for small repairs andrestocking of raw materials) as well as long-term capital (for rehabilitation and reconstruction of own capacity, but also fordevelopment and delivery of reconstruction projects), at reduced interest rates. Alongside additional financing mechanisms,options for affordable risk insurance for domestic businesses will be explored. These facilities will allow selected businesses toleverage the compensation and assistance they receive to greater effect and at lower risk.Alongside increased financing, the Government will deliver selected capacity development programs, to strengthen the likelihoodof success of reconstruction efforts by the private sector and drive increased profitability. These will include professional training,improvement of management skills, marketing support, and awareness of financing strategies and options.4.3.6 Summary of Interventions in Economic SectorInterventions & Estimated Costs by PhaseSub-Sector Relief Early Recovery ReconstructionAgricultureIndustry andManufacturingTrade andServicesEmploymentFacilitatingPrivateInvestmentESTIMATEDSUB-SECTORCOSTTOTAL SECTORCOST• Detailed assessment of the agriculture sector• Compensation for production, livestockand fishing losses• Restoration of farm land, fruits, and crops• Restoration of livestock economy• Rehabilitation of fishing equipmentEstimated Cost: $194m Estimated Cost: $257m• Detailed assessment of damaged facilities• Compensation for production lossesEstimated Cost: $75m Estimated Cost: $284m• Detailed assessment of damaged facilities• Compensation for losses• Rehabilitation of some 3,400 commercialestablishments• Rehabilitation of telecommunicationinfrastructure• Reconstruction of agricultural infrastructureand assets• Continued restoration of fruits and crops• Continued restoration of livestock economy• Continued rehabilitation of fishing equipment• Rehabilitation and reconstruction of 990industrial facilities• Rehabilitation and possible expansion of GazaIndustrial Estate and other industrial zones• Reconstruction of some 800 commercialestablishments• Rehabilitation of tourism facilitiesEstimated Cost: $130m Estimated Cost: $77m• Cash for work programs in support of • Vocational training opportunities to improverehabilitation and reconstructionemployment opportunities(will remain ongoing for reconstructionperiod also)Estimated Cost: $62m Estimated Cost: $7m• Financing facility for repairs and restarting ofoperationsEstimated Cost: $20m Estimated Cost: $130m• Expanded range of financing facilities forinvestment• Expansion of risk guarantees for domestic firms• Capacity building$481m $754m$1.2b

58The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS4.4 Governance SectorThe consolidation of the public administration in Gaza is both a means and an end. In the short-term, the implementation of therecovery and reconstruction plan can only be achieved by restoring and maintaining the existing operational capacity of centraland local government institutions, under the authority of the Government. These operational capacities are absolutely vital tothe implementation of the recovery and reconstruction plan as a whole, and thus constitute an overall recovery foundation.Within an overall climate of a fragile security situation, stability can be undermined easily. Early recovery and reconstructionwill quickly lose traction if a security vacuum is allowed to take hold in Gaza. Preventing a security vacuum will require themaintenance of law and order under the authority of the Government by reintroducing civil police under a unified command.Maintaining and expanding the operational capacity of the Government will need to go hand in hand with the reconstructionof destroyed and damaged infrastructure for Government institutions.4.4.1 Operational Capacity of Central Government InstitutionsRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $113m - $113mTo boost existing operational capacities of government institutions in Gaza for recovery and reconstruction, theGovernment aims at reintegrating existing civil servants, hired before June 2007 into Government institutions,streamlining the civil service, and fully harmonizing these institutions with national institutions.The National Consensus Government has established a Legal and Administrative Committee to explore options andscenarios for consolidating the civil service and determining the status of the civil personnel engaged by the previousde facto authority in Gaza. This committee was established in early June and originally mandated for four months. Dueto the political and security situation in Gaza, the work of the committee has been stalled since early July. A HigherSecurity Committee will be established by the President that will discuss the options for the security apparatus.

59The work of these committees will need to explore options for affected personnel, including the options for earlyretirement, retraining, and job placement in the private sector or with non-governmental service providers. At thesame time, the consolidation process needs to take into account the existing civil servants in Gaza who have not beenon active duty for the past seven years and might require renewed training and capacity development to fulfill theirfunctions. The consolidation process will need to be guided by available fiscal resources and real needs on the groundin each sector.The reconsolidation of the public administration, however, will not be completed by harmonizing civil servants inGaza and the West Bank. Beyond civil servants, the Government will implement an action plan for national institutionalreintegration and for harmonizing the administrative legal framework. In doing so, the National Consensus Governmentwill adopt a sequenced approach and prioritize sectors crucial for service delivery, which simultaneously also containthe largest number of personnel.Reintegrating the rule of law system is important for functional social and economic ties between the West Bank andGaza. A functioning public administration furthermore requires freedom of movement within the country, whichincludes the ability to meet in person by traveling between the West Bank and Gaza, which under the Oslo Accordsconstitute a “single territorial unit”.The consolidation of the public administration will not only cement the National Consensus Government but will alsoimprove fiscal sustainability and effective service delivery for recovery, reconstruction, and longer-term development.However, this consolidation cannot be implemented overnight and will take several months.In the meantime, the smooth operation of central government institutions in Gaza needs to be safeguarded. Duringsuch a transition period, until the Legal and Administrative Committee concludes its works, it is essential that civilpersonnel engaged by the previous de facto authority receive compensation in the form of social allowances for sixmonths under a temporary mechanism, outside the government budget, enabling them to concentrate on their workwhile they and their families are provided for. This assumes that in parallel the Legal and Administrative Committee isable to assume its work aimed at resolving the status of this group and consolidating the civil service.This requires support to the Legal and Administrative Committee in defining a mechanism for expedited steps,sequenced by priority sectors, towards the consolidation of civil servants, institutions and applicable legal frameworks.Once the mechanism has been elaborated, its implementation will also require initial funding to accommodate andretrain civil servants for resuming their positions.4.4.2 Operational Capacity of Local Government InstitutionsRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $31m - $31mIn order to restore and maintain the operational capacity of local government units in Gaza for recovery and reconstruction tasks,the Government seeks immediate exceptional supplementary funding for municipal personnel for a period of six months. Fueland office supplies will also be provided.Restoring physical infrastructure and equipment for municipalities will be equally important in order to allow municipalities toprovide regular services, and support their role in the recovery and reconstruction effort.

60The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS4.4.3 Rule of Law and Human RightsRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $1m $6m $7mThe request for allowances to civil personnel above also includes personnel of the courts system.This needs to be complemented by support to legal assistance to vulnerable groups, including IDPs and the bereaved, particularlywomen and children. In this regard, immediate support needs to be provided to legal aid and arbitration for IDPs, while, in themedium-term, the partially destroyed legal aid system needs to be rehabilitated.Civil society organizations with a focus on human rights require support to monitor adherence to human rights principles withinthe fragile rule of law setting in the aftermath of the war.4.4.4 Implementation and CoordinationRelief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total- $12m $20m $32mThe MOPWH, UNRWA, and UNDP will conduct cross-sectoral assessment of damages to infrastructure and buildings. Oncethese assessments are done, the Government will use strategic spatial planning to build back better, particularly in residentialneighborhoods and community infrastructure. Spatial planning is most critical for the most affected localities, includingShujaiyeh and Khuza’a.To support this and other implementation management tasks for this Plan, the Government will scale up its capacity forcoordination, implementation, and monitoring of needs assessments and recovery and reconstruction interventions. Capacitywill also be needed to monitor arrangements for the import of building materials.

614.4.5 Summary of Interventions in Governance SectorInterventions & Estimated Costs by PhaseSub-Sector Relief Early Recovery ReconstructionPublicAdministration• Provision of personnel allowancesunder a temporary mechanism (6months)• Reintegration of publicadministration systemsLocalGovernanceRule of Law andHuman RightsEstimated Cost: $113m• Supplementary salaries formunicipal staff for 6 months• Provision of fuel of office supplies• Review of municipal functionalcapacity• Rehabilitation of municipalitybuildings• Replacement of destroyedequipment and vehiclesEstimated Cost: $31m• Investigation of violations ofInternational Humanitarian Lawand Human Rights• Legal aid and arbitration for IDPs• Rehabilitation of legal aid clinicsand support to legal aid systemImplementationandCoordinationESTIMATEDSUB-SECTORCOSTTOTAL SECTORCOSTEstimated Cost: $1m Estimated Cost: $6m• Scaling up recovery andreconstruction implementationcapacity• Strategic spatial planning• Monitoring of building materialimports• Scaling up recovery andreconstruction implementationcapacity• Strategic spatial planning• Monitoring of building materialimportsEstimated cost: $12m Estimated Cost: $20m$157m $26m$183m

62The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION5IMPLEMENTATIONARRANGEMENTSAND PERFORMANCEMONITORINGThis plan presents the blueprint and guiding framework for the relief, responseand recovery efforts in Gaza for 2014-2017. While international partners are kindlyrequested to provide adequate funding, ultimate responsibility for the delivery ofthe plan rests with the National Consensus Government, which will act as thesingle address for all planning, implementation, and financing issues with respectto the recovery and reconstruction of Gaza.Detailed planning and active management of the recovery and reconstructionprocess will be essential to ensure effective implementation. In this respect,the mandate of the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee on Recovery andReconstruction will be extended to oversee the implementation of the Plan.The Committee will be supported by a new Gaza Recovery and ReconstructionImplementation Unit. An immediate priority for the Committee, the Governmentand partners will be to complete the detailed damage assessments and developdetailed implementation plans by sector and at the local level. These plans willinclude clear objectives and targets, which will provide the basis for results basedmanagement of the implementation process, which in turn will drive increasedaccountability and successful delivery.11.Government Leadership through the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee22.Co-ordination with Partners33.Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Implementation Unit44.Detailed Damage Assessments and Action Planning at Sector andMunicipality Level

64The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 5: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING5.1 Government Leadership through the Higher Inter-Ministerial CommitteeThe development of the current plan was spearheaded by the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee on Recovery and Reconstruction,headed by the Deputy Prime Minister. In order to facilitate continuity between the planning and implementation phases, themandate of the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee will be extended to cover implementation of the Plan.The Committee will be responsible for setting priorities, approving the allocation of international and Governmental fundingagainst specified priorities, actively monitoring progress and reporting to Cabinet, and addressing implementation challengeswith national and international partners. Membership of the Committee will continue to comprise the Minister of Finance/Planning; the Minister of Social Affairs/Agriculture; the Minister of Public Works and Housing; the Minister of Local Government;the Head of the Palestinian Water Authority; and the Head of Energy and Natural Resources Authority.During the implementation phase, a key area of attention for the Higher Committee will be the critical implementationpre-requisites, which must be sustained in order for the Plan to be effective. In line with this, specific action plans will alsobe developed for effective execution of the enablers, particularly with regard to movement and access. Should progress ofimplementation on these issues stall, partners and the international community will be called upon to provide required supportto enable the facilitation of recovery and reconstruction.5.2 Co-ordination with PartnersWhilst the Government will steer the recovery and reconstruction effort, the important contribution of the Government’snational and international partners cannot be underestimated. The National Consensus Government will work in the spirit ofcommon purpose and coordinated action with all its partners - international donors, the private sector and civil society – torestore stability and rebuild Gaza.The Government will establish a Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Advisory Board, which will include representatives of theprivate sector, civil society, and key international partners. The Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee will meet with the Board on aquarterly basis to share ideas and strategies with regard to the recovery and reconstruction efforts.At the working level, existing mechanisms will be actively leveraged to ensure co-ordination with all partners in planning andimplementation. These include the Local Aid Co-ordination Secretariat (LACS), Sector Working Groups, and the humanitarianclusters. The electronic aid information management platform DARP (Development Assistance and Reform Platform), housedat the MOPAD, is expected to be the tool used to monitor financial assistance from donors against the plan. The tool will beadapted to include a module specific to the Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza. All projects will be entered intoDARP by the Government and donors will be required to provide updates based on a pre-agreed schedule.

655.3 Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Implementation UnitGiven the breadth and complexity of activities that will be required for the response –touching all sectors, all geographical areas,and involving direct support to at least a quarter of the population - a new Implementation unit will be established to driveimplementation. The Unit will report to the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee and work closely with Government ministriesand agencies, as well as the international community, civil society, and private sector, to ensure the execution of the priorityrecovery and reconstruction interventions in this Plan.In the immediate period, the Unit will work to support ministries, agencies, and municipalities with effective prioritization,detailed planning, and setting targets for the recovery and reconstruction efforts. Thereafter, the Unit will play an active role inobtaining regular status reports on the priority interventions under the Plan from the ministries, identifying challenges in theirimplementation, and strengthening co-ordination between sectors as well as ministries.The Unit will provide monthly status reports to the Council of Ministers through the Inter-Ministerial Committee during the firstsix months of recovery reconstruction, and move to a quarterly reporting basis in thereafter. The reports will focus on progressof the most critical elements of the Plan and recommendations regarding accelerating implementation. The Unit will also workwith ministries and agencies to ensure that decisions from the Council of Ministers are rapidly implemented.5.4 Detailed Damage Assessments and Action Planning at Sectorand Municipality LevelThis plan forms the skeleton of the recovery effort and is based on an initial assessment of the impact of the Israeli assault.Effective implementation will require significant further work in terms of detailed diagnosis, planning, and programming ofspecific response interventions in each sector.Detailed Damage and Needs Assessments are currently underway through Government ministries and agencies,overseen by the Technical Committee, and with the support of the UN, the World Bank, and the EU. These will form thebasis of detailed intervention planning for early recovery. The assessments will include baseline GIS data regarding allfacilities which were damaged.Detailed Action Planning will follow the finalization of the damage assessments, and will be undertaken at the sector levels incollaboration with national partners. It is expected that this process will validate many of the high level recommendations of thisreport and develop them further into specific projects and interventions. It will also propose additional measures to respond tothe breadth of damage and needs as they become better understood.The detailed action planning process will be completed in 2014. The output of this process will be a series of sector andmunicipality action plans, which will be consolidated into a Recovery and Rehabilitation Implementation Strategy. This ongoingplanning process will not hinder on-going and immediate implementation of immediate humanitarian measures and earlyrecovery interventions. These will be ongoing throughout.The sector plans and interventions will be underpinned by a clear Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, which will capturegoals, objectives, outputs and outcomes in each sector and intervention. These will also be linked to the budget and financialinputs required for delivery.Results monitoring at the sector level will be the primarily responsibility of line ministries/concerned budget entities, incooperation with national and international partners. MOPAD’s Monitoring and Evaluation department will compile sector leveldata into quarterly monitoring reports of the Plan. Financial input and results reports will be accessible on the MOPAD websiteand will be discussed by the Plan’s management structure as a tool for evidence-based decision making.

66The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION6FINANCINGREQUIREMENTS ANDMECHANISMS11.Overview of Current Fiscal Situation22.Summary of Recovery and Reconstruction Costs33.Financing Mechanisms

68The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 6: FINANCING REQUIREMENTS AND MECHANISMS6.1 Overview of Current Fiscal SituationThe Palestinian Government has made significant and continued efforts to improve its fiscal performance through revenuereforms and expenditure limitations. In 2013, on account of these measures, the fiscal deficit declined by 2.7 percentage pointsto 13.9 percent of GDP. However, the Government’s fiscal position remains extremely fragile, highly reliant on donor support,and highly dependent on economic and political relations with Israel. By the end of 2013 public debt, including arrears andclearance revenue advances, had reached $4.6 billion, close to 40 percent of GDP.The total budget for 2014 was $4.4 billion, comprising 92 percent recurrent and 8 percent development expenditure. Even beforethe National Consensus Government was formed, expenses on Gaza comprised almost 40 percent of the budget, comprisingpayments of salaries for public-sector workers; coverage of non-wage bill items like health referrals, medical supplies, and socialassistance; and coverage of fuel and net lending expenses for electricity and water. Disbursements amount to approximately$120 million on a monthly basis or $1.44 billion annually.2013 (Actual) 2014 (Projected) % ChangeUSD m USD m %Gross Revenues 2,687 2,923 9%Total Net Revenues 2,443 2,752 13%Total Expenditure and Net Lending 3,903 4,110 5%Of which Gaza expenditure 1,440 1,440 -Current Balance (1,460) (1,358) -7%Development Expenditures 197 316 60%Total Balance (1,657) (1,674) 1%In its September 2014 report to the AHLC, the IMF described the near-term fiscal outlook as challenging in any scenario, withoutaccounting for the spending needed for Gaza reconstruction. It forecasts a fiscal gap of approximately $350 million for 2014,accounting for 16.5 percent of GDP, assuming that overall donor financing will reach $1.5 billion.The July/August assault in Gaza has provided an unprecedented shock to the Government’s already strained budget position.The National Consensus Government is faced with a recovery and reconstruction bill that is equivalent to the entire 2014 budget,13 times the 2014 development budget, and over 20 times the 2013 development budget. In the absence of external support,incurring the cost of reconstruction would imply not being able to meet recurrent expenditures in the West Bank and/or up to adoubling of the existing public debt, neither of which is practically or politically possible.Given the scale and urgency of the challenge, the Government has no choice but to reach out to the international community forsupport with this momentous task.The Government sees the investment in Gaza as an investment in stability and the viability of a future Palestinian state. Whilst Gaza’srebuilding will be costly in the short- to medium -term, the Government’s vision for Gaza is one of sustainability and self-sufficiency,where Gaza is an integral driver of the Palestinian economy and where it contributes to the fiscal position of the Government.

696.2 Summary of Recovery and Reconstruction CostsThe total costs of the reconstruction effort are estimated at $4 billion, of which $414 million is required for immediate relief, $1.2billion for early recovery, and $2.4 billion for the reconstruction of Gaza. Financing for the immediate relief and early recoveryphases is required immediately; financing for reconstruction projects will be required in 2015, 2016, and 2017.Summary Costs by Sector and Sub-SectorSector Sub-SectorReliefPhase(USD m)EarlyRecoveryPhase(USD m)ReconstructionPhase(USD m)Total(USD, m)Social Protection 230 8 80 317SocialHealth and Psychosocial Support 14 159 45 218Education and Higher Education 1 45 75 121Civil Society 0 4 41 45Sub-total 245 215 241 701Infrastructure & EnvironmentRubble & ERW 0 20 14 34Energy 0 32 153 185Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 40 80 116 236Housing and Shelter 129 143 910 1,182Governmental Buildings and Other Public Infrastructure 0 51 97 149Border Crossings 0 5 50 55Roads 0 0 70 70Environment 0 1 0 1Sub-total 169 332 1,411 1,911Agriculture 0 194 257 451EconomicIndustry and Manufacturing 0 75 284 359Trade and Services 0 130 77 207Employment 0 62 7 69Promoting Investment 0 20 130 150Sub-total 0 481 754 1,235Operational Capacity of Central Gov. Institutions 0 113 0 113GovernanceOperational Capacity of Local Government Institutions 0 31 0 31Rule of Law and Human Rights 0 1 6 7Implementation and Coordination 0 12 20 32Sub-total 0 157 26 183TOTAL 414 1,184 2,432 4,030

70The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 6: FINANCING REQUIREMENTS AND MECHANISMSThis Plan quantifies the direct costs of recovery and reconstruction, which are separate from existing commitments onbudget support to the Government. However continuation of existing budget support to the Government will be avital element for sustaining government functions in both Gaza and the West Bank, meeting the government’s existingresponsibilities to its employees and citizens, as well as providing the basis for recovery and reconstruction in Gaza. Budgetsupport will ensure continued provision of health and education services, purchases of electricity, fuel and water, as wellas maintaining social support.Therefore, in addition to seeking financial support for the direct costs of recovery and reconstruction, the Government urgesdonors to complete the budget support for 2014 and fund required budget support for the next three years. Without this, theproper functioning of the National Consensus Government, as well as recovery and reconstruction in Gaza, will be impossible.The impact of assault on budget support for the Government in 2015 and beyond is not yet clear. However, it is likely that theadditional burden that the assault has created for Gaza’s social support, education, and health services, amongst others, mayrequire an further increase in budget support beyond current levels and the costs already captured under the Recovery andReconstruction Plan. At least some of these costs should be outweighed by additional revenues from Gaza as the situationstabilizes and the Gaza economy recovers, which are currently unaccounted for. The net impact of integrating Gaza fully into thefiscal framework will become clearer with time, as the longer-term systemic impacts become evident.At present, the total value of required budget support for the State of Palestine 2014-2017 has been estimated at $4.5 billion.Budget support requiredUSD mBudget support committed and but not disbursed in 2014 580Budget support required for 2015-2017 3,924Total Budget Support for Recovery and Reconstruction Period 4,504

716.3 Financing MechanismsEarly recovery and reconstruction efforts must be guided by two pivotal principles: national ownership and rapid implementation.Consideration for these two principles is also central to the financing mechanism proposed for the implementation of the Plan.In line with the principle of ownership, the National Consensus Government has a strong preference for the utilization of theGovernment’s Central Treasury Account (CTA) as the primary financing mechanism for the Recovery and Reconstruction of Gaza.The CTA not only allows for implementing budget programs and receiving budget support, but has also been used to the fullsatisfaction of the Government and donors alike for earmarked funding to specific programs and projects. The soundness of theGovernment’s public financial management system and the CTA has been applauded by the International Finance Institutionsin past reports to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC).However, recognizing the constraints of international organizations, the Government accepts that other financing mechanismmay be necessary to complement funding through Government channels in order to allow for rapid implementation.Nevertheless, to serve the aim of efficiency and effective co-ordination, the Government urges donors to restrict this externalfunding to the limited number of existing mechanisms that have been shown as effective and are believed to be sufficient foran effective reconstruction effort. These are:1. UN Agencies: Direct funding can be provided to established UN agencies already working on the ground, including UNRWAand UNDP, for a range of issues including support to the refugee population, ERW removal, and infrastructure development.2. PEGASE: The “MécanismePalestino-Européen de Gestion et d’Aide Socio-économique” established by the European Unioncan be used to enable support for the Palestinian Administration and Services, including salaries to staff; support to theSocial Protection System via cash transfers and other mechanisms, and support to private sector enterprises.3. World Bank: Funding via the Palestinian Reform and Development Plan Multi-Donor Trust Fund (PRDP-MDTF) can bechanneled for budget support to drive the reform and institution building agenda; and via the Partnership for InfrastructureDevelopment Multi-Donor Trust Fund (PID-MDTF) for energy, water, sanitation, and urban development investments.The private sector and NGOs are important implementing partners who are expected to receive funding via the above financingchannels. A more detailed mapping of the applicability of the different mechanisms to different subsectors is shown in Annex 1.As for the Arab States, they can channel their support through the Islamic Development Bank, which in turn will utilize the abovefinancing mechanisms to deliver its support.The use of alternative funding mechanisms should not undermine the Government’s leadership role on the reconstructioneffort. Therefore, the Inter-Ministerial Committee will serve as a Steering Committee for the recovery and reconstruction effort,approving the allocation of funding for intervention programs, and ensuring coordinated implementation and overall financialmanagement of the Recovery and Reconstruction Plan.

72The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 6: FINANCING REQUIREMENTS AND MECHANISMSAnnex 1: Mapping of Financing MechanismsSocialxx Prioritized mechanismx Alternative mechanismGovernment Donor Agencies OtherCentralTreasuryAccountMDLFSocial Protection xx xxHealth, Psycho-Social Care xx xxEducation and Higher Education xx xxCivil Society, CBOs and FBOsUNRWA(for refugees)SpecializedUNAgenciesxx(WFP,UNDP,UNICEF)xx(WHO,UNFPA,UNICEF)xx(UNICEF,UNESCO)EU(PEGASE)xWorld Bank(incl. Infra.Trust Fund)xxNGOsxxxInfrastructurexxRubble & ERWxx(UNDP,UNMAS)Energy xx x xWater, Sanitation & Hygiene xx x x xHousing and Shelter xx xxx(UNHABITAT)xGovernmental and Other PublicInfrastructurexx xx xxBorder crossingsxxRoads x xx x xEnvironment xx xEconomicGovernanceAgriculturexxx(FAO)xxIndustry and Manufacturing xx xx xTrade and Services xx xx xEmployment xx xxx(UNDP)xxFacilitating InvestmentPublic Administrationxxxxxx(UNDP)Local Governance xx xx x xRule of Law and Human RightsImplementation and Co-ordination xx xxxx(UNDP)xxxxx(Banks)xx

The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 20142Maida› Mohammad Aslan, 45 Days, Central Gaza (Died of earlier injuriessuffered after the army bombarded her family home).Mohammad ar-Roumy, Rafah (died at an Egyptian Hospital)Ahmad Mohammad Atiyya al-Masri, 17, Deir al-BalahAmani Abed al-Bakara, 35, Khan Younis.Ahmad Mohammad Atiyya al-Masri, 14, Deir al-Balah.Anwar Mustafa Za’anin, 17, Gaza.Saqer Abdullah Reehan, 25, Northern Gaza.Ehsan Hussein Kaware’, 24, Khan Younis.Moath Azzam Abu Zeid, 37, Nusseirat, Central Gaza.Nidal Badran, 34, Nusseirat, Central Gaza.Tareq Ziad Abdullah, 25, Nusseirat, Central Gaza.Abdul-Hakim Suleiman al-Masdar, 65, al-Maghazi, Central Gaza.Moath Akram al-Masdar, 19, al-Maghazi, Central Gaza.Aaya Nour ash-Sha’er, 13, Rafah.Ibrahim Zoheir ad-Dawawsa, 10, Northern Gaza.Mahmoud Mohammad Abu Haddaf, Khan Younis.Suleiman Samir Abu Haddaf, Khan Younis.Mahmoud Khaled Abu Haddaf., Khan Younis.Ahmad Na’im ‘Okal, 22, Rafah.Mohammad Jom’a Najjar, 32, Khan Younis. (Died Of His Wounds Atal-Maqassed Hospital in Jerusalem)Nida Raed ‹Oleywa, 12, Gaza (Died Of Earlier Injuries)Sha›ban Suleiman ad-Dahdouh, 24, Gaza. (Died on July 21, remainslocated under rubble)Dia’ ed-Deen Mohammad al-Madhoun, 23, Gaza.Ahmad Banat, 22, Gaza.Hamada Khalil al-Qaaq, Beit Lahia.Ahmad Khaled al-Qaaq, Beit Lahia.Suleiman Mohammad Ma’rouf, Beit Lahia.Zaher al-Andah, Beit Lahia.Abdul-Nasser al-Ajjoury, Beit Lahia.Abdul-Hai Salama al-Qreinawi, 45, Gaza.Mohammad Sabri Atallah, 21, Gaza.Raghd Mas’oud, 7, Rafah.Daniel Abdullah Abu Mansour, 44, Jabalia (Northern Gaza)Abdul-Nasser Ajjouri, Jabalia. (Northern Gaza)Ashraf Mashal, 25, Rafah.Fadi Madhi, 23, Rafah.Aseel Mohammad al-Bakri, 8, (Shati’ Refugee camp) Northern Gaza.Saher Talal Abu Mohsen, 23, Rafah.Aseel Saleh Hussein Abu Mohsen, 18, Rafah.Ebtisam Hammad al-Mahmoum, 18, Rafah.Hiba Mustafa al-Mahmoum, 7, Rafah.Obada Mustafa al-Mahmoud, 3, Rafah.Abdullah Hussein Mousa Mubarak, 50, Northern Gaza.Mahmoud Zaki Lahham, 25, Khan Younis.Ahmad Abdul-Halim Mohammad al-Astal, 26, Khan Younis.Walid Darabiyyah, Northern Gaza.Amro Mohjez, Northern Gaza.Mohammad Saleh Shemaly, 60, Gaza.Mohammad Fawzi Bhar, 22, Gaza.Mohammad Hosni Sukkar, 20, Gaza.Mohammad Amjad Awida’, age 12, Rafah.Amal Amjad Awida’, age 5, Rafah.Karam Mahrous Dahir, 24, Rafah.Ibrahim al-Masharawi, 30, Gaza City.Ebtisam al-Bakri, 38, Gaza City.Mahmoud Zaki al-Laham, 25, Khan Younis.Ahmad Abdel-Halim Mohammad al-Astal, 26, Khan Younis.Fayez Ismail Abu Hamad, 34, Khan Younis.Saleh Ahmad al-Ghouti, 22, RafahFares Abu Jazar, 2, Rafah.Maria Abu Jazar, 2, (Twins) Rafah.Amani Abu Jazar, 23, Rafah.Issa Sha’er, Rafah.Saed Mahmoud al-Lahwani, Rafah.Hatem Abdul-Rahman Wahdan, 50, Jabalia.Seniora Wahdan, 27, Jabalia.Jamila Jamal Wahdan, Jabalia.Mohammad al-Hour, 30, Rafah.Nasrallah al-Masry, Rafah.Mohammad Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah.Wael Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah.Ismael Mohammad al-Ghoul, Rafah.Ismael Wael al-Ghoul, Rafah.Khadra Khaled al-Ghoul, Rafah.Asma’ Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah.Malak Wael al-Ghoul, Rafah.Mustafa Wael al-Ghoul, Rafah.Hanadi Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah.‘Atwa Suleiman Khattab, 64, Rafah.Remas ‘Atwa al-›Attar (Khattab), Rafah.Mohammad ‘Atwa Khattab, Rafah.Suleiman ‘Atwa Khattab, RafahNevin Suleiman Khattab, RafahAmira Ahmad KhattabRajab Abdul-Rahman Sharafi, 10, JabaliaMahmoud Abdullah Sharafi, 26, JabaliaNajah Rajab Sharafi, 48, JabaliaTurkiyya Mahmoud ‘Okal, 60, RafahElham Mohammad Mahmoud ‘Okal, 34, RafahMahmoud As’ad Mohammad ‘Okal, 18, RafahMahmoud Mohammad Na’im ‘Okal, 10, Rafah‹Ahed Badran, Northern Gaza.Mohammad Abu Rajal, UN School, Rafah.Sami Abdullah Qishta›, UN School, Rafah.Sami Ismael Abu Shaouf, UN School, Rafah.Ahmad Khaled Abu Harba›, UN School, Rafah.Mohammad Mosa›ed Qishta›, UN School, Rafah.Hazem Abdel-Baset Hilal, UN School, Rafah.Amr Tariq Abu al-Rous, UN School, Rafah.Ahmad Kamal al-Nahhal, UN School, Rafah.Yousef Akram Skafi, UN School, Rafah.Tareq Sa›id Abu al-Rous, UN School, Rafah.Abdul-Karim Najm, northern Gaza.Bilal Abdul-Karim Najm (son of Abdel-Karim) , northern Gaza.Ahmad Abdعl-Karim Najm (son of Abdel-Karim) , northern Gaza.Raghd Najm, northern Gaza.Soha Najm, northern Gaza.Shimaa› Wael Qassim, northern Gaza.Rowan Ahmed Majdalawi, 7 years old, northern Gaza.Mohammad Ahmad Majdalawi, 6 years old, northern Gaza.Ras Hadi Majdalawi , northern Gaza.Mahmoud Abdel-Hadi Majdalawi , northern Gaza.Abdullah Majdalawi, northern Gaza.Khalil Mohammad Ramadan Abu Daba›a, 42, Rafah.Munir Abu Daba›a, Rafah.Qassim Mahmoud Qassim, 40, northern Gaza.Mohammad Sa›dy Ahmad, 37, northern Gaza.Ahmad Qassem, Beit Lahia.Qassem Qassem, Beit Lahia.Basil Walid at-Tala›a, 23, Nusseirat.Abdullah Soheil Abu Shawish, 24, Nusseirat.Haitham Yasser Abdel Wahab, 16, Rafah.Mohamed Issa Ashaar, Rafah.Hossam Yassin Abu Naqira, 20, Rafah.Mousa Yasin Abu Naqira, his brother, Rafah.Ola Bassam Al-Nairab, Rafah.Arwa Mohamed al-Nairab, Rafah.Fida Yousef Abu Suleiman, 23, Rafah.Mariam Hasan Abu Jazzar, 60, Rafah.Maha Raed Abu Suleiman, Rafah.Mohammad Rami Abu Suleiman, Rafah.Ahmad Rami Abu Suleiman, Rafah.Lama Rami Abu Suleiman, Rafah.Jana Rami Abu Suleiman, Rafah.Mohammad Fouad Al-Dedda, 28, Jabalia.Issa Saadi Ashaar, 40, Khan Younis.Yasser Yousef Abu Dbagh, 20, Nusseirat, Central Gaza.Amro Tareq Hasan Qandil, 17, Central GazaWael Nihad Sayyed, 23, Central GazaMohammad Taiseer Hasan Qandil, 20, Central Gaza.Hamdi Mohammad Abdul-Aziz Ayyad, Gaza.Shadi Hamdi Mohammad Ayyad, Gaza.Sadia Abu Taha, 40 , Rafah.Mohammed Abu Taha, 27, Rafah.Youssef Abu Taha, Rafah.Rezeq Abu Taha, two months, Rafah.Yousef Daoud Abu Madi, 65, Nusseirat.Hassan Yousef Abu Madi, Nusseirat.Karim Yousef Abu Madi 24, Nusseirat.Amin Yousef Abu Madi, 5, Nusseirat.Muhammad Hassan Qeshta, Rafah.Ahmed Shtewi Qeshta, Rafah.Yahya al-Nems, Rafah.Hazem al-Nems , Rafah.Mohammad al-Nems, Rafah.Osama Abu Nakirah, Rafah.Mousa Mohammad Ahmad Abu Rajila, 25, Rafah.Salma Suleiman Mohammad Radwan, 86, Rafah.Ibrahim Abdel-Hakim Daoud al-Zaqzouq, 22, Rafah.Mohammad Foaz Ibrahim Abu Rajilah, 26, Rafah.Hazim Khaled Abdel-Maadi Awda›, Rafah.Hathifa Abu Teir, Gaza City.Nabil al-Najjar, Gaza City.Kamal Abu Teir, Gaza City.Ahmad Abu Teir, Gaza City.Yahya Jamal Musa Shabat, 29, Gaza City.Abdul-Malek Abdul-Salam al-Farra, 58, Khan Younis.Osama Abdul-Malek al-Farra, 34, Khan Younis.Emad Abdul-Hafeth al-Farra, 28, Khan Younis.Awatef Ezzeddin al-Farra, 29, Khan Younis.Mohammad Mahmoud al-Farra, 12, Khan Younis.Lojein Bassem al-Farra, 4, Khan Younis.Yara Abdul-Salam al-Farra, 8, Khan Younis.Nadine Mahmoud al-Farra, Khan Younis.Abdullah Awad al-Breem, Khan Younis.Mohammad Suleiman al-Breem, Khan Younis.Maisoun Ra’fat al-Breem, Khan Younis.Raed Abdul-Latif al-Qarra, Khan Younis.Sami Suleiman al-Madani, Khan Younis.Husam Suleiman al-Madani, Khan Younis.Ahmad Salim Abdin, Khan Younis.Mohammad Ahmad Hamad, Khan Younis.Mousa Hamad Abu ‘Amran, Khan Younis.Hilal Eid Abu ‘Amran, Khan Younis.Ismael Zuheir Mohammadein, 26, Khan Younis.Maher Ja’far Hajjaj, 54, Khan Younis.Ahmad Mohammad Hassanein, Gaza.Basil Diab al-Basyouni.Shadi Mohammad Jom’a Abu Daher, 29, Khan Younis.Hasan Abdul-Majid al-Bayyoumi, Deir al-Balah.Mohammad Reziq Hassanein, 20, Shuja›eyya, Gaza.Ibrahim Sulayman Al-Masri, 50 yrs, Rafah.Nadia Yousef Al-Masri, 45 years, Rafah.Ibrahim Al-Masri, 6 years, Rafah.Mohamed Anas Arafat, 4 months, Rafah.Anas Ibrahim Hamad, 5 years, Rafah.Sabri Shaykh Al-Eid, 35 years, Rafah.Mohammed Khalid Al-Aloul, 30 years, Rafah.Ibrahim Mostafa Ghaneem, Rafah.Amna Azamaly, Rafah.Yahya Abd Al-Karim Lafi, Rafah.Musa Mohamed Abu Omran, Rafah.Hilal Eid Abu Omran, Rafah.Salama Mohamed Al-Zamaly, Rafah.Nuha Jamal Abu Ziyada, Rafah.Taiseer Ali Moamir› , Rafah.Hussein Salaam Al-Jaafari, Rafah.Yousra Mohamed Abu Hazir, Rafah.Ataf Hamad Al-Mahmoum, Rafah.Mousa Ibrahim Abu Hazir, Rafah.Ahmed Wisam Al-Abeed, 4 years, Central Gaza.Souad Ali Al-Bahri, 60 years, Beit Lahia.Samal Nail Al-Barawi, 8 months, Beit Lahia.Osama Abdul-Malik Abu Mualla, 37 years, NuseiratAtif Sohail Kandil 24 years, MaghaziNihad Mohammed Yasin 24 years, Gaza CityFaiz Tareq Yassin 16 years, Gaza CityHassan Ismail Yassin, 32 years old, Gaza City.Ambulance officer Atef Zamili, Rafah.pathologist Joseph Jameen Sheikh Eid, Rafah.ambulance volunteer Yousef Jaber Drabiah, RafahWajih Sha›ath, Khan Younis.Fadi Al-Qawasmi , Khan Younis.Ali Barbakh , Khan Younis.Aseel Sha’ban Gheith, 3, Rafah.Sufian Farouq Gheith, 35, Rafah.Farouq Gheith, 65, Rafah.Ahlam No’man Zo’rob, 18, Rafah.Sabiha Zo’rob, 55, Rafah.Amir Ra’fat Zo’rob, 7, Rafah.Odai Ra’fat Zo’rob, 7, Rafah.Rawan Nath’at Siyam, 12, Rafah.Su’ad No’man Zo’rob, 34, Rafat.Shahd Ra’fat Zo’rob, 10, Rafah.Khaled Ra’fat Zo’rob, 8, Rafah.Suleiman Baraka, 31, Gaza.Aref Baraka, 58, Gaza.Ahmed al-Loah, 22, Gaza.Baraa› Yousef, 19. Gaza.Maha Abdul-Nabi Salim Abu Hilal, Rafah.Majdi Mohammad Ahmad Fseifis, 34, Khan Younis.Mohammad Juma’ an-Najjar, 32, Khan Younis.Hani Abdullah Abu Mustafa, Khan Younis.Hanan Yusef Abu T›aima, Khan Younis.Mahar an-Najjar, Khan Younis.Mahmoud Fouad an-Najjar, Khan Younis.Mohammad Daher, Gaza.Fadel Nader Almeghari, 27, Rafah.Mahdiyya Suleiman Omar Abu Louly, 58, Khan Younis.Tha›er Naji al-Amour, 22, Khan Younis.Mohammed Yousef Al-Abadla, 21, Khan Younis.Abdullah abu Shabab 20, Khan Younis.Alaa› ‹Alweh 22, Khan Younis.Ahmed Salim Abdin , Khan Younis.Mohamed Ahmed Hamad, Khan Younis.Atiyyeh Salameh al-Hashash, 68, Rafah.Hamza Fa›ek Ahmad al-Haddad, 20, , eastern Gaza City.Ibrahim Asa›ad Ahmad al-Haddad, 21, eastern Gaza City.Mohammad Ammar Sharaf, 10, Gaza City.Mohammed Ra›fat Na›eem, Gaza Old City.Husam Ra’fat Na›eem, Gaza Old City.Kamal Abdul-karim al-Louh, 32, Deir al-Bala.Ibrahim Abdul-karim al-Louh, 29, Deir al-Bala.Khaled Nasr al-Louh, 46, Deir al-Bala.Amaal Abdul-karim al-Masri, 48, Deir al-Bala.Ilham Yahya al-Louh, 27, Deir al-Bala.Samih Kamal Abu al-Kheir, 63, Khan Younis.Othman Fawzi ‘Abdeen, 17, Khan Younis.Siham al-Ham, Khan Younis, Nusseirat.Mohammad Adel Ashour, Nusseirat.Renad Ashraf Ashour, Nusseirat.Abeer Nahed al-‘Ata, Nusseirat.Naima Darwish Abu Shouq, Nusseirat.Zaher Tawfiq Abu Maktoum, Nusseirat.Ama’ Rafat al-‘Asa, Nusseirat.Hasan Nassr Zaqqout, Nusseirat.Labibeh Abu Shouqa, 23, Nusseirat.Ahmad Mohammad Yassin al-Majayda, Khan Younis.Ali Mahmoud al-Astal, 23, Khan Younis.Khaled Salim al-Astal, 26, Khan Younis.Mohammad Salim al-Astal, 26, Khan Younis.Ramzi Ibrahim al-Astal, 21, Khan Younis.Odah Ahmad al-Astal, 25, Khan Younis.Ahmad Mahmoud Suleiman al-Astal, 26, Khan Younis.Ahmad Ibrahim Ali al-Astal, Khan Younis.Khalil Ibrahim Ali al-Astal, Khan Younis.Ezzedddin Jabr Mohammad al-Astal, Khan Younis.Mohammad Mahmoud al-Astal, Khan YounisMohammad Abdul-Sattar al-Abadla, 21, Khan Younis.Fahd Mahmoud Jaber al-Agha, 23, Khan Younis.Asma’ Abu al-Kaas, 16, al-Boreij, Central Gaza.Walid Shihda Marzouq Moammar, 51, Rafah.Sojoud Abdul-Hakim Oleyyan, 11, Gaza.Issam Jaber al-Khatib, Jabalia.Sa’id Abu Jalala, Jabalia.Taiseer Hammad, Jabalia.Lu’ay al-Feery, Jabalia.Bassem Khaled Najjar, Jabalia.Tha’er Khaled Najjar, Jabalia.Osama Mohammad Sohweil, Jabalia.Bilal Midhat al-‘Amoudi, Jabalia.Abdullah Midhat al-‘Amoudi, Jabalia.Mohammad Mousa Ghaban, Jabalia.Ramadan Khader Salman, Jabalia.Alaa› Khader Salman, Jabalia.Ali Ahmad Shaheen, Jabalia.Rami Barakat, Jabalia.Adel Mohammad Abu Qamar Jabalia.Mohammad Ezzat Abu Sweireh, 34, Central District.Hussein Mohammad Abu Rezeq, 36, Rafah.‹Aed Zaqqout, Gaza City (coach of Palestine National Football Team)Abdul-Aziz Hosni Abu Hajras, 23, Khan Younis.Omar Awad al-Breem, Khan Younis.Kamal Ahmad Al-Breem, 57, Khan Younis.Jihad Salah Mohammed al-Breem, 28, Khan Younis.Mariam Ahmad Hejazi, Khan Younis.Salah Hejazi, Khan Younis.Sabha Ibrahim Hejazi, Khan Younis.Ibrahim Mousa al-Ghalban, Khan Younis.Ismael Mahmoud al-Ghalban, Khan Younis.Ahmad Suleiman Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Mohammad Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Marwa Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Marah Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Yasser Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Suleiman Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Mona Hajjaj Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Jihad Salah Mohammad Al-Breem, 25, Khan Younis.Zeinab Abu Jazar, Khan Younis.Maisara Mohammad at-Ta’ban, 35, Deir al-Balah.Iftikhar Mohammad Shahin (Abu Zrei’ey) 50.Odai Yahia Zaki Abu Jneid, 19, Beit Lahia.Abdul-Jalil Mohammad Kamel Abu Shodoq, 35, Beit Lahia.Jamal Shihda Abu Shodoq, 40, Beit Lahia.Jamalat Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis.Salama Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis.Mahmoud Salama Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis.Yamen Omar Salama Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis.Shorouq Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis.Arwa Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis.Ramadan Mohammad Abu Jazar, Khan Younis.Ali Ahmad Shahin, Gaza.Taiseer Sababa, 22, Beit Lahia.Ammar Suleiman Ali al-Masdar, 31, Gaza.Hamza Yasser Mohammad Mheisin, 23, Gaza.Wisam Dardouna, Beit Lahia.Anwar ‘Adel Abu Nasr, 20, Khan Younis.Ismael Walid Abu Nasr, 18. Khan Younis.Ahmad Khalil Abu ‘Anza, 32, Khan Younis.Shadi Abdullah Abu ‘Anza, 38, Khan Younis.Ali Mahmoud Abu ‘Anza, 27, Khan Younis.Ahmad Abdullah Abu ‘Anza, Khan Younis.Mohammad Suleiman Baraka, Khan Younis.Mustafa Ahmad Abu Jalala, Beit Lahia.Husam Mohammad an-Najjar, northern GazaSha›aban Abdul-aziz al-Jamal, northern GazaAlaa› Joudy Khader, northern GazaMohammed Mazen Moussa Foda, Sheja’eyyaAhmad Abdulkarim Hannoun , Sheja’eyyaSaadi Saadi Faraj , Sheja’eyyaHussein Saeed Kar›re›ra , Sheja’eyyaHamdi Sadi Abu Zour , Sheja’eyyaAbdulkarim Hussein El-Selk , Sheja’eyyaAahed Ziad Al Gharabli , Sheja’eyyaAbdulaziz Ibrahim El-Beltagy , Sheja’eyyaLena Ala›a El-Selk , Sheja’eyyaAbdulaziz Mohammed El-Selk , Sheja’eyyaAbdel Halim Mohammed El-Selk , Sheja’eyyaMoataz Bassam Deeb , Sheja’eyyaMahmoud Mohamed Ragab , Sheja’eyyaMoaaz Khaled Tayeh , Sheja’eyyaMalak Jalal El-Selk , Sheja’eyyaAmina Mohammed El-Selk , Sheja’eyyaLayan Nael El-Selk, Sheja’eyyaAbdullah Fayez Fayad 23, Gaza CitySuhaib Salleh Salama 23, Gaza CityIbrahim Yusuf al-Astal 35, Gaza CityAassem Ahmed Baraka 25, Khan Younis.Mayar Jamal Abu musbeh, 9 yrs, Deir al-BalahMohammad Tayseer Abu Hazaa›, 25, Deir al-BalahNaji Ahmad al-Raqqab, 19, Khan Younis.Ramy Khaled al-Raqqab, 35, Khan Younis.Mahmoud Osama al-Qosas, Khan Younis.Shadi Abd al-Kareem Farwana, Khan Younis.Mustafa Abd al-Samiee al-Ubadala, Khan Younis.Yahiya Mohammad Abdullah al-Aqqad, 49, Khan Younis.Yusef Emad Qaddoura, child, Jabalia.Huna Emad Qaddoura, child, Jabalia.Mohammad Musa Alwan, child, Jabalia.Mariam Khalil Ruba, 70, Jabalia.Hani Abu Khalifa, Jabalia.Soheila al-›Ejel, 70, Gaza City.Mo›nes Ahmad, Nusseirat, Central Gaza.Ezzat Dheir, 23, Rafah.Turkeyya Dheir, 80, Rafah.Yasmeen Dheir, 25, Rafah.Mary Dheir, 12, Rafah.Tasneem Dheir, 8, Rafah.Soheil Hasan Nassar, Beit Lahia.Anis Abu Shammala, Al-Boreij (Mayor).Ayman Samir Qeshta, 30, Rafah.Ismael Shahin, 27, Rafah.Baha’ ed-Deen al-Gharib, Rafah.Ola Baha’ ed-Deen al-Gharib, Rafah.Tahrir Nasr Jaber, 15, Northern Gaza.Mohammad Ata Najjar, 2, Khan Younis.Rafif Ata Najjar, 3, Khan Younis.Baha› ed-Deen Khatib, (Journalist), Rafah.‹Ola Baha› ed-Deen Khatib, Rafah.Waddah Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Ahmad Suleiman Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Mohammed Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Marwa Ahmad Abu Amer , Khan Younis.Marah Ahmad Abu Amer , Khan Younis.Yasser Ahmad Abu Amer , Khan Younis.Suleiman Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis.Moha Hajjaj Abu Amer , Khan Younis.Mos›ab Ahmad Sweih, 17, Gaza.Nariman Khalil al-Agha, 39, Gaza.Ali Mohammad Abu Ma›rouf, 23, Gaza.Dr. Bashir al-Hajjar, northern Gaza.Samir al-Hajjar, northern Gaza.Hana’ Na’im Balata, Jabalia.Doa’ Na’im Balata, Jabalia.Esra’ Na’im Balata, Jabalia.Mariam Na’im Balata, Jabalia.Yahia Na’im Balata, Jabalia.Sahar Motawe’ Balata, Jabalia.Naim Nathmi, Jabalia.Zaher Ahmad Najjar, 6, Khan YounisSuleiman Mos›ad Barham al-Hishash, 30, Rafah.Jamal Ramadan Lafi, 50, Rafah.Karam Abu Zeid, 1.Samih Jebriel Jneid, 4, Jabalia.Mohammad Abu Louz, 22, Jabalia.Ahmad Abdullah Hasan Abu Zeid, Rafah.Widad Ahmad Salama Abu Zeid, Rafah.Sham›a Wael Abu Zeid, Rafah.Mariam Marzouq Abu Zeid, Rafah.Falasteen Mohammad Abu Zeid, Rafah.Abdullah Nidal Abu Zeid (child), Rafah.Bissan Eyad Abu Zeid, Rafah.Abdul-Hadi Abu Zeid (Child9, Rafah.Seham Najjar, 42, Khan Younis.Abdul-Samad Mahmoud Ahmad Ramadan, 16, Central District.Ayman Adnan Mousa Shaker, 25, Central District.Issa Kamel Abdul-Rahman Mousa, 61, Central District.Salem Mousa Badawi al-Far, 59, Central District.Ramzi Hussein Ahmad al-Far, Central District.Salem Mohammad al-Far, Central District.Azza Abdul-Karim Abdul-Rahman Al-Faleet, 59, Central District.Mohammad Jom’a Shaat, 30, Khan Younis.Mohammad Fadel al-‘Agha, 30, Khan Younis.Marwa Nader al-Agha, Khan Younis.Ahmad Nader Al-Agha, Khan Younis.Donia Nader al-Agha, 13, Khan Younis.Ikram ash-Shinbari, 23, Gaza City, died of earlier injuries.Yusef Jamil Sobhi Hammouda, 16, Gaza City, died of earlier injuries.Ibrahim Khalil ad-Derawi, 27, central District.Ala Nahedh Matar, 26, central District.Hazem Fayez Abu Shammala, 33, central DistrictIssam Abdul-Karim Abu Sa’ada, Khan Younis.Ahmad Abu Sweirej, 23, Nusseirat, Central Gaza.Mohammad Abu Haroun, 29, Nusseirat, Central Gaza.Fadi Baraka, Gaza, child, died of earlier injuries.Baha’ ed-Deen Ahmad Sa’id, al-Maghazi, died of earlier injuries.Yousef Abed Shehada al-Masri, 24, Shuja›eyya, Gaza.Khaled Abdul-Sattar Samhoud, Khan Younis.Jalila Faraj Ayyad, Gaza City.Essam Ibrahim Abu Shab 42.Mohammad Siyam, 15, Rafah.Hussein Hasan Abu an-Naja, 65, Khan Younis.Imad Jami al-Abed al-Bardaweel, 44, Gaza.Husam Abdul-Ghani Yassin, 17, Gaza.Ismael Abdul-Qader al-Kojok, 54, Gaza.Mohammad Said Hosni as-Saqqa, 20, Gaza.Islam Ibrahim an-Naji, 19. Gaza.Mohammad Ahmad Matar al-Abadla, 32, Gaza.Yosra Salem Hasan al-Breem, 56, Gaza.Mohammad Khalil Mohammad al-Breem, Gaza.Ibrahim Salman Qabalan, 34.Mohammad Ahmad Abu Wadia, 19, Gaza.Abdullah ‘Ayesh Salam Ermeilat, 39, Deir al-Balah.Eman Hasan ar-Roqab, Khan Younis.Bara› Mahmoud ar-Roqab, 11, Khan Younis.Khalil Mohammad an-Najjar, 59, Khan Younis.Jona an-Najjar, Khan Younis.Ekhlas Najjar, Khan Younis.Amna an-Najjar, Khan Younis.Majed Sameer an-Najjar, 19, Khan Younis.Ghalia Mohammed an-Najjar, 56, Khan Younis.Ahmad Khaled Mohammad an-Najjar,14, Khan Younis.Eman Salah Mahmoud an-Najjar, 23, Khan Younis.Sumayya Harb Yousef an-Najjar, 50, Khan Younis.Kifah Samir Hasan an-Najjar 23, Khan Younis.Rawan Khaled Mohammad an-Najjar, 17, Khan Younis.Husam Hussein an-Najjar, 7, Khan Younis.Samir Hussein an-Najjar, 2, Khan Younis.Moa’taz Hussein Samir an-Najjar, 6, Khan Younis.Ulfat Hussein Samir an-Najjar, 4, Khan Younis.Ikhlas Sameer Hussein Abu Shahla, 30, Khan Younis.Amir Hammoudeh Khaled Abu Shahla, 3, Khan Younis.Amira Hammoudeh Khaled Abu Shahla, 1, Khan Younis.Islam Hammoudeh Abu Shahla, 4, Khan Younis.Bassam Khaled Abu Shahla, 44, Khan Younis.Riham Fayez al-Breem, 19Fadel At-Tawaneh, Gaza City.Arafat Salem Abu Oweily, 27, Central District.Abdul-Rahman Ouda at-Tilbani, Central District.Nidal Ahmad ‹Issa Abu al-›Asal, 27, Rafah.Salim Salaam Abu ath-Thoum, 87, Rafah.Naim Abdul Aziz Abu Zaher, 36, Deir al-BalahAbdul-Hamid Mohammad Abdul-Hamid Al-Maghrabi, 31.Abdul-Majeed Abdullah Abdul-Majeed al-A’ady, 36.Hamad Mohammad Ala Sheikh Salim, 30.Mohammad Rafiq Said al-Ayeer, 30.‘Amro Abdul-Hakim as-Sheikh Khalil, 25.Shadi Kamal Ramadan Yassin, 22.Mohammad Issam Deeb Abu Dalfa, 25.Walid Said Nassr al-Ijlah, 7.Osama Issam Fawzi ‘Azzam, 23.Abdullah Ibrahim Abdullah Abu Leila, 51.Sami Fathi al-Ar-‘Eir, 49. .Fathi Sami Fathi al-Ar-‘Eir, 20.Abdul-Karim Ali Abu Shanab, 40, Deir al-Balah.Aziza ‘Atiyeh Mohammad Abu Shanab, 77, Deir al-Balah.Ahmad Walid Nasrallah Samour, Khan Younis.Hasan Abdullah Mustafa al-Athanna, 59.Hasan Zaki Hasan at-Tahrawy, 23.Omar Ismail Ali Quz’aat, 18. .Rami Faisal Matar as-Shishi, 31. .Mohammad Abdul Hamid.Ghassan Yousef Salem Abu Dabakh, Central District .Khadra Ibrahim Salman Abu Bleimy, 55 .Nour Mohammad Salameh Abu Dbagh, 13.Ahmad Ramzi Mohammad Abu Qadoos, 13.Maisara Anwar Suleiman dar-Azzeen, 6.Mohammad Anwar Suleiman dar-Azzeen, 13.Mohammad Abdul-Hamid Mohammad Shaat, 29.Raja’ Hamad Mohammad ad-Daghme, 36.Sami Abdullah Ahmad Judeh, 18.Husam Abdul-Atif Raady, 42.Mohammad Ibrahim Sobhi al-Arheir, 30.Wala’ Mohammad Ali al-Qayedh, 15.Isam Mohammad Saleh Shamaly, 29.Mohammad Abdul-Nassar Ali Abu Zeina, 20.Mosab Salah al-Aab Abu al-A’ata, 20.Ibrahim Aish Abed Abu Ghneimah, 27.Ismail Aish Abed Abu Ghneimah, 24.Mohammad Ahmad Khaled Hassouneh, Rafah.Mazin Adnan Salman Abdin, 25, Khan Younis.Salah Eshtewy Ibrahim Adbin, 42, Khan Younis.Mohammed Salameh Mohammed Abu Khousa, 75, northern Gaza (bodypulled from rubble).Salman Mohammed Ahmed Sama›na, 30, northern Gaza (bodypulled from rubble).Do›a› Sani Ibrahim Sama›na, 11, northern Gaza (body pulled from rubble).Mohammed Sa›id Sha›ban Baba, 40, northern Gaza (body pulledfrom rubble).Ikram Ahmed Tawfiq al-Shanbari, 23, Beit Hanoun (body pulledfrom rubble).Sami Fathi Ahmed al-›Ar›ir, 50, Gaza City (body pulled from rubble).Mohammed Rafiq Sa›id al-›Ar›ir, 30, Gaza City (body pulled from rubble).Hassan Fathi Ahmad al-›Ar›ir, 39, Gaza City (body pulled from rubble).‹Abdul Karim Fathi Ahmed al-›Ar›ir, 34, Gaza City (body pulled from rubble).Fathi Sami Fathi al-›Ar›ir, 20, Gaza City (body pulled from rubble).Khaled Yousef Mohammed Badwan, 48, Gaza City (body pulled from rubble).Azmi Khaled Yousef Badwan, 16, Gaza City (body pulled from rubble).‹Abdul Rahman Ziad Hassan Abu Hain, 28, Sheja›eyya (body pulledfrom rubble).Mohammed ‹Essam Dib Abu Balta, 28, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Mahmoud Ra›ed Mahmoud al-›Eish, 23, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Fadi ‹Abdul Qader ‹Abdul Malek Habib, 31, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Farid Abdul-Khader Abdul-Malik Habib, 38, Sheja›eyya (body pulledfrom rubble).Adham Majed Yousef Dhaher, 18, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Mohammad Mahmoud Rajab Hajjaj, 32, Sheja›eyya (body pulledfrom rubble).Mohammad Ahmed Kamel Abu al-›Ata, 32, Sheja›eyya (body pulledfrom rubble).Mohammad Mahmoud Sa›id Abu al-›Ata, 28, Sheja›eyya (body pulledfrom rubble).Mohammed Riad Sha›ban Shabet, 25, at-Tuffah.Hisham Abdul-Karim Ahmad Abu Mour, Rafah.Mohammad Ibrahim Ahmad az-Zweidi, 30, Beit Lahia.Ala› Maher Juma› Tamtish, 19, Beit Lahia.Abdul-Jawad Ali Abul-Jawad Al-Houm.Ehab Sa›dy Mohammad Nassr, 22.Mohammad Abdullah Hussein al-Jawajri.Wisam Sofyan Omar al-Kilani, 27.A›ed Mahmoud Ahmad al-Bura›i, 29, medic, Beit Hanoun.Munther Talal Abdul-Karim Nassar, 33, northern Gaza.Tamer Talal Abdul-Karim Nassar, 24.Ala› Abdul-Rahman Mohammad Nassar, 25, northern Gaza.Taher Ismail Abdul-Rahman Nassar, 18, northern Gaza.Sharif Rafiq Mohammad al-Hamdin, 26, Gaza City.Ala› Khaled Najib al-Yaziji, 21, Gaza City.Jihad Mahmoud Hamed al-Hilu, 59, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Siham ‹Ata al-Hilu, 57, Sheja›eyya(body pulled from rubble).Mohammad Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 29, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Tahreer Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 20, Sheja›eyya(body pulled from rubble).Najiya Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 15, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Ahmad Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 27, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Hidaya Talal al-Hilu, 25, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Maram Ahmad Jihad al-Hilu, 2, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Abdul-Kareem Ahmad Jihad al-Hilu, 1, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Karam Ahmad Jihad al-Hilu, 5 months, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble).Ayman Anwar Salem Burai›em 39, central Gaza (died of earlier wounds)Suleiman Zaki ‹Abdul Mawla al-Dardissi, 27, Khan Younis.(bodypulled from rubble).Ahmad Shawqi Mohammad Sa›ada, 37, Khan Younis.(body pulledfrom rubble).Mohammed Ibrahim Hamdan Abu T›aima, 25, Khan Younis.(bodypulled from rubble).Ra›ed Khalil Hamdan Abu T›aima, 33, Khan Younis.(body pulledfrom rubble).Mamdouh Mallahi Suleiman Abu Naja, 24, Khan Younis.(body pulledfrom rubble).Ayman Akram Ismail al-Ghalban, 22, Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble).Jihad Naji Abu ‹Aamer, 22, Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble).Rabah Rashed Mosallam Fayad, 40, Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble).Fadi Mahmoud Sa›d al-Masri, 22, Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble).Eyad Yousef al-Sadi, 24, Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble).Salem Mustafa al-Hadhidi, 18, Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble).Wassim Nasser ‹Abdu Shurrab, 22, Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble).‹Ali Mohammed ‹Ali al-Astal, 32, Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble).Fawzi Ahmad Abu Amsha, 67.Na›ma Mohammad Hussein Abu Amsha, 64.Wassim Salah Abu Riziq Al-Masri.Saed Munir Shida Abu Khater, 19.Amar Mustafa Rashid Hamdouna, 22.Tariq Mohammad Moehsin al-Ajrami, 25.Hamza Mazin Khalil Madhi, 23.Ismail Younis Abdullah Khalla, 21.Abdul-Rahman Yusef Ahmad Saadat, 24.Khaled Abdullah Mahmoud Adwan, 30.Osama Mohammad Nassr al-Kafarneh, 50.Khaled ‹Ata Mohammad Abu Shehadeh, 23.Hani ‹Adel Mohammad Abu Hashish, 23.Mohammad Ahmad Abu Dawabe›, 19.Mohammad Ali Khalil Saidam, 17.Ibrahim Mohammad Awad Barak, 19.Bilal Bassam Salem al-Masri, 21.Anwar Abdul-Khader Hasan Younis, 2.Arafat Salem Ahmad Abu Oweily, 27.Mohammad Fayez Sha›ban al-Sharif, 23.Mahmoud al-Sharif, 24, Central DistrictHossam Mohammad Suleiman Abu Ghneifi, 18.Ghassan Taher Suleiman Abu Kamil, 25.Ismail Abdul-Jawad Ismail Abu Sa›ada, 26.Mahmoud Riyadh Abdul-Khader Miq›dad, 22.Mazin Yusef Suleiman Abu Joerban, 31.Shaker Ahmad Shaker al-Jamal, 46.Faisal Fa›eq al-At-Toame, 31.Hazem Yusef Abdul-Rahman al-Moebid, 34.Abdullah Nabil Abdul-Khader al-Batsh, 21.Sharif Jalal Hasan al-Karshali, 27.Mohammad Arafat Saleh Khalil al-Ghamare, 33.Abdul-Raziq Shoeban Abed Ommar, 27.Amjad Nahedh Ala› al-Sarefy, 22.Adham Majed Yousef Daher, 18.Hamza Hassan Mahmoud Halas, 25.Ahmad Mousa Ahmad Ahl, 75.Mohammad Hussein Hasan al-Nasri.Mahmoud Husam Mohammad Mansour, 22.Mosab Mustafa Rajeb Ali, 20.Mo›amin Mustafa Mahmoud al-Kasha.Eyas Ahmad Mohammad Abu Ouda, 28.Nidal Khaled Mohammad Khalil, 20.Nader Majdi Abdul-Rahman Qassim, 30.Eman Ibrahim Suleiman al-Ghandour.Salmad Hamad Salmad al-Amour, 32.Rifat Nabil Ramadan Oweida, 27.Ashraf Qassim Mansour Wafi, 25.Baha Rafiq Oweida, 36.Ahmad Barham Oleiman Abu DaqqaTaysir Mohammad Aish an-NajjarMaram Rajeh Fayyad, 26, Deir al-BalahShaima’ Hussein Abdul-Qadder Qannan (pregnant), 23, Gaza.Abdul-Hadi Salah Abu Hasanen, 9, Rafah.Hadi Salah ed-Deen Abu Hassanen, 12. Rafah.Salah Ahmad Hassanen, 45, Rafah.Abdul-Aziz Salah Ahmad Hassanen, 15, Rafah.Abdul-Hadi Salam Ahmad Abu Hassanein, 9.Rafah.Mohammad Ibrahim al-Khatib, 27, Khan Younis.Mohammad Samir Najjar, 25, Khan Younis.Rasmiyya Salama, 24, Khan Younis.Suleiman ash-Shawwaf, 21, Khan Younis.Rasha Abed-Rabbo ‘Affana, 28, northern Gaza.Ali Mohammad Ali Asfour, 58, Khan Younis.Eid Mohammad Abu Qteifan, 23, Deir al-Balah.Eyad Nassr Sharab, 24, Khan Younis.Najat Ibrahim Hamdan an-Najjar, 42, Khan YounisSharif Mohammad Salim Abu Hasan, 25, Khan YounisMohammad Khalil Hamad, 18, Khan Younis.Mandouh Ibrahim ash-Shawaf, 25, Khan Younis.Walid Sa’id al-Harazin, 5, GazaTareq Ismail Ahmad Zahd, 22, Meghraqa, Central DistrictSalama Abu Kamil, 26. Meghraqa, Central DistrictAhmad Mahdi Abu Zour, 25, GazaNaji Bassem Abu Ammouna, 25, GazaImad Adnan Mohammad Abu Kamil, 20, Al-MeghraqaTamer Bassam Mohammad Abu Kamil, 19, Al-Meghraqa.Mohammad Yassin Siyam, 29, Zeitoun - GazaRami Mohammad Yassin, 24, Zeitoun, GazaOsama Salim Shaheen, 27, Khan Younis.Hamada Suleiman Abu Younis, 25.Mohammad Kamel an-Naqa, 34, Khan Younis.Kamaal Kamel an-Naqa, 35, Khan Younis.Yousef Kamal Mohammed al-Wasify, 26, Gaza City.Mazin Abdeen, 23, Rafah.Adnan Shahid Ashteiwi Abdeen, 35, Rafah.Mohammad Abdel Nasser Abu Zina, 24, al-Zaitoun.Abdul Majeed al-Eidi, 35, al-Zaitoun.Mohammad Ahmed Abu Wadiya, 19, Gaza City.Hani ‹Adel Abu Hassanein, 24, Gaza City.Yassin Mustafa al-Astal, 38, Khan Younis.Yosra Salem Hasan al-Breem, 65, Khan Younis.Mohammad Issa Khaled Hajji, 24, Gaza City.Hasan Hussein al-Howwari, 39, Gaza City.Hosam Rabhi, Gaza City.Hamed al-Bora›ey, a medic, Beit Hanoun.Mohammad Matar al-›Abadla, 32, medic, Khuza›a, Khan Younis.Husam Mohammad Najjar, Beit Lahia.Sha’ban Abdul-Aziz al-Jamal, Beit Lahia.Mohammad Wisam Dardouna, Beit Lahia.Ala’ Joudy Khader, Beit Lahia.Ahmad Rif’at Ar-Roqab, 23, Khan Younis.Salman Salman al-Breem, 27, Khan Younis.Mohammad Hasan Abdul-Qader al-Astal, 43, Khan Younis.Ismael Mohammad al-Astal, 48, Khan Younis.Ahmad Mohammad Ismael al-Astal, 20, Khan Younis.Mahmoud Mohammad Ismael al-Astal, 19.Mohammad Saleh Mohammad al-Astal, 18.Malak Amin Ahmad al-Astal, 24, Khan Younis.Tha’er Omran Khamis al-Astal, 30.Milad Omran al-Astal, 29, Khan Younis.Mohammad Omran Khamis al-Astal, 33, Khan Younis.Ahmad Thaer Omran al-Astal, 33, Khan Younis.Amin Thaer Omran al-Astal, 3 Khan Younis.Nada Thaer Omran al-Astal, 5, Khan Younis.Yazid Sa’dy Mustafa al-Batsh, 23, Gaza.Ibrahim Abdullah Abu Aita, 67, Jabalia.Ahmad Ibrahim Abdullah Abu Aita, 30, Jabalia.Jamila Salim Abu Aita, 55, Jabalia.Adham Ahmad Abu Aita, 4, Jabalia.Mohammad Ibrahim Abu Aita, 32, Jabalia.Khalil Nasser Aita Wishah, 21, Central District.Ahmad Ibrahim Sa’ad al-Qar’an, 26, Central District.Hadi Abdul-Hamid Abdul-Fatah Abdul Nabi, 3, JabaliaAbdul-Hadi Abdul-Hamid Abdul Nabi, 2, Jabalia.Abdul-Rahman Mahmoud Abdul-Fatah Abdul Nabi, 1, Jabalia.Yahia Ibrahim Abu ‹Arbaid, Beit HanounMohammad Suleiman an-Najjar, Khuza›a, Khan Younis.Bilal Zayad ‹Alwan, 20, JabaliaMajed Mahmoud Mohammad Hamid, 28, Jabalia.Mohammed Ibrahim Abu Daqqa, 42, Khuza›a, Khan YounisAkram Ibrahim Abu Daqqa, 50, Khuza›a, Khan Younis.Salameh al-Rade›a, toddler, northern Gaza.Ismail Hassan Abu Rjeila, 75, Khan Younis.Nafeth Suleiman Qdeih, 45, Khan Younis.Nabil Shehda Qdeih, 45, Khan Younis.Baker an-Najjar, 13, Khan Younis.Shadi Yusef an-Najjar, Khan Younis.Mohammad Ahmad Najjar, Khan Younis.Anwar Ahmad Najjar, Khan Younis.Anwar Ahmad Abu Daqqa, Khan Younis.Sami Mousa Abu Daqqa, Khan Younis.Adli Khalil Abu Daqqa,Khan Younis.‘Atef Kamal Mahmoud Abu Daqqa, 54, Khan Younis.Shoeban Moussa Abu Hiya, 64, Khan Younis.Ahmad Abdul-Karim Ahmad Hasan, Khan Younis‘Ola Abu Aida, 27, Zahra - Khan Younis.Mohammad Ismael Khader, Zahra – Khan Younis.Anas Akram Skafi, 18, Shujaeyya - Gaza.Sa’ad Akram Skafi, 18 (twin brother) Shujaeyya - Gaza.Mohammad Jihad Matar, Beit HanounHanan Jihad Matar, Beit Hanoun.Tamam Mohammad Hamad, Beit HanounKhader Khalil al-Louh, 50, Atatra, Northern GazaRasmi Mousa Abu Reeda, Khan YounisMohammad Radi Mahmoud Abu Reeda, 22, Khan Younis.Mohammad Abu Yousef, Khan YounisAhmad Qdeih, Khan YounisRami Qdeih, Khan YounisBadr Hatem Qdeih, 13, Khuza’a, Khan Younis.Anas Hatem Suleiman Qdeih, 7, Khuza’a, Khan Younis.Hanafi Mahmoud Abu Yousef, 42, Khuza’a, Khan Younis.Abdel Aziz Nour El Din Noor, 21, Sheja’eyya.Amir Adel Khamis Siam 12, Rafah.Issam Faisal Siam, 24, Rafah.Mahmoud Silmy Salim Abu Rowaished, 49, Rafah.Ahmed Abu Jm›ean Hji›er 19, Al-Bureij.Amer Abdul-Raouf Mohamed El Azab, 26, Deir al-Balah.Thaer Ahed Owda Shamaly, 17, Sheja’eyya.Mohammed Yousef Mansoub Al-Qadi, 19. (had been in Egyptian hospital)Yasmin Ahmed Abu Moor, 27(had been in Egyptian hospital)Mohammad Suleiman Nimr ‘Oqal, 34Mohammed Rateb Abu Jazr, 25, Khan Younis.Hisham Mohammad Farhan Abu Jazr, 23, Khan Younis.Mohammed Farhan Abu Jazr, 48, Khan Younis.Shadi Suleiman Kawar›e, 31, Khan Younis.Ra›ed Abu Owda 17, UN School, Beit Hanoun.Ashraf Ibrahim Hasan Najjar, 13, Khan YounisMahmoud Jihad Awad Abdin, 12, Khan YounisAhmad Talal Najjar, Khan YounisMohammad Samir Abdul-Al an-Najjar, 25, Khan YounisMahmoud Abdo an-Najjar, Khan Younis.Sana’ Hasan Ali al-Astal, Khan YounisNabil Mahmoud Mohammad al-Astal, 12, Khan YounisAshraf Mahmoud Mohammad al-Astal, Khan YounisMahmoud Suleiman al-Astal, 17, Khan YounisLaila Ibrahim Zo’rob, 40, RafahMahmoud As’ad Ghaban, 24, Beit LahiaIbrahim Jihad Abu Laban, 27, Zeitoun - GazaMahmoud Jihad Awad Abdin, 12, Khan YounisIbrahim Sheikh Omar, 36 months, GazaHasan Abu Hayyin, 70, Shejaeyya, Gaza.Abdul-Rahman Abu Hayyin, 26, Sheja’eyya, Gaza.Osama Bahjat Rajab, 34, Beit Lahia.Mohammad Daoud Hammouda, 33, Beit Lahia.Hamza Ziyada Abu ‘Anza, 18, Khan Younis.Saddam Ibrahim Abu Assi, 23, Khan Younis, was seriously injuredTuesday, died Wednesday.Wisam ‘Ala Najjar, 17, Khan YounisMohammad Mansour al-Bashiti, 8, Khan Younis.Ali Mansour Hamdi al-Bashiti, 1, Khan Younis.Mohammad Riyadh Sha’aban Shabt, 23.Mohammad Naim Salah Abu T’aima, 12, Khan Younis.Salem Abdullah Mousa Abu T’aima, 36, Khan Younis.Ismail Abu Tharifa, Khan Younis.Zeinab Abu Teir, child, Khan Younis.Mohammad Radi Abu Redya, 22, Khan Younis.Shama Shahin, Khan Younis (Mohammad’s wife)Mojahed Marwan Skafi, 20, Sheja’eyya, Gaza.Adnan Ghazi Habib, 23, central Gaza.Ibrahim Ahmad Shbeir, 24, Khan YounisMustafa Mohammad Mahmoud Fayyad, 24, northern Gaza.Nidal Hamdi Diab al-‘Ejla, 31, Gaza.Khalil Abu Jame’, Khan Younis.Husam al-Qarra, Khan YounisRabea’ Qassem, 12, Northern GazaHasan Salah Abu Jamous, 29, Khan YounisMahmoud Yousef Khaled al-‘Abadla, 22, Khan YounisNour Abdul-Rahim al-‘Abadla, 22, Khan YounisMohammad Farid al-Astal, Khan Younis.Mohammad Abdul-Ra’ouf ad-Dadda, 39, Gaza.Ahmad Mohammad Darwish Bolbol, 20, Gaza.Ahmad Nabil Ahmad Abu Morad, 21, Gaza.Ibrahim Omar al-Hallaq, 40, Khan YounisWael Maher Awwad, 23, Khan YounisAhmad Mahmoud Sohweil, 23, Khan YounisIssam Ismael Abu Shaqra, 42, Khan YounisAbdul-Rahman Ibrahim Abu Shaqra, 17, Khan YounisMohammad Ahmad Akram Abu Shaqra, 17, Khan YounisAhmad as-Saqqa, 17, Khan YounisNayef Fayez Nayef ath-Thatha, 19, Zeitoun – GazaNayef Maher Nayef ath-Thatha, 24, Zeitoun – GazaNayef Maher Nayef ath-Thatha, 24, Gaza.Jihad Hussein Mahmoud Hamad, 20‘Ala Hamad Ali Khattab, 26, Deir al-BalahAbdul-Qader Jamil al-Khalidi, 23, al-BoreijAyman Adham Yousef Ahmad, 16, Beit LahiaBilal Ali Ahmad Abu ‘Athra, 25, Beit LahiaAbdul-Karim Nassar Saleh Abu Jarmi, 24, Beit LahiaRawan Ayman Saoud Suweidan, 9, central Gaza.Naim Juma’a Mohammad Abu NizeidJani Rami Nassr al-Maqat’a, 27, central Gaza.Said Ahmad Tawfiq at-Tawil, 22, central Gaza.Ola Khalil Ali Abu Obada, 24, central Gaza.Do’a Ra’ed Abu Ouda, 17, northern Gaza.Amer Abdul Raouf Abu Ozeb, 26, central Gaza.Awad Abu Ouda, northern Gaza.Bilal ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza.Fatima ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza.Falasteen ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza.Abed Rabo ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza.Ali Sha’boub ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza.Souha Musleh, northern Gaza.Mohammad al-Kafarna, Beit Hanoun.Naji Jamal al-Fajm, 26, Khan Younis.Ebtehal Ibrahim ar-Remahi, Deir al-Balah.Yousef Ibrahim ar-Remahi, Deir al-Balah.Eman Ibrahim ar-Remahi, Deir al-Balah.Salwa Abu Mneifi, Khan Younis.Abdullah Ismael al-Baheessy, 27, Deir al-Balah.Mos’ab Saleh Salama, 19, Khan Younis.Ibrahim Nasr Haroun, 38, Nusseirat.Mahmoud Suleiman Abu Sabha, 55, Khan Younis.Hasan Khader Baker, 60, Gaza City.Wa’el Jamal Harb, 32, Rafah.Suleiman Abu Daher, 21, Khan Younis.Haitham Samir al-Agha, 26, Khan Younis.Fatima Hasan Azzam, 70, Gaza.Mariam Hasan Azzam, 50, Gaza.Yasmeen Ahmad Abu Mour, 2, Rafah.Samer Zuheri Sawafiri, 29, Rafah.Mohammad Mousa Fayyad, 36, Khan YounisMona Rami al-Kharwat, 4, Gaza.Soha Na’im al-Kharwat, 25, Gaza.Ahmad Salah Abu Siedo, 17, Gaza.Mohammad Khalil Aref Ahl, 65, Gaza, (remains located Tuesday, killedduring Sheja’eyya Massacre, Sunday).Mahmoud Salim Daraj, 22, Jabalia.Radhi Abu Hweishel, 40, Nusseirat.Obeida Abu Hweishel, 15, Nusseirat.Yousef Abu Mustafa, 27, Nusseirat.Nour al-Islam Abu Hweishel, 12, Nusseirat.Yousef Fawza Abu Mustafa, 20, Nusseirat.Hani Awad Sammour, 27, Khan Younis.Ahmad Ibhrahim Shbeir, 24, Nusseirat.Mohammad Jalal al-Jarf, 24, Khan Younis.Raed Salah, 22, Al-Boreij.Ahmad Nassim Saleh, 23, Al-Boreij.Mahmoud Ghanem, 22 Al-Boreij.Mustafa Mohammad Mahmoud Fayyad, 24.Ahmad Issam Wishah, 29, Central District.Ahmad Kamel Abu Mgheiseb, 35, Central District.Raed Abdul-Rahman Abu Mgheiseb, 35, Central District.Nader Abdul-Rahman Abu Mgheiseb, 35, Central District.Ahmad Mohammad Ramadan, 30, Central DistrictKhalaf Atiyya Abu Sneima, 18, Rafah.Khalil Atiyya Abu Sneima, 20, Rafah.Samih Abu Jalala, 64. Rafah.Hakima Nafe’ Abu ‘Adwan, 75, Rafah.Najah Nafe’ Abu ‘Adwan, 85 Rafah.Mohammad Shehada Hajjaj, 31, Rafah.Fawza Saleh Abdul-Rahman Hajjaj, 66, Rafah.Rawan Ziad Jom’a Hajjaj, 28. Gaza City.Mos’ab Nafeth al-Ejla, 30. Sheja’eyya Gaza.Tareq Fayeq Hajjaj, 22, Gaza.Ahmad Ziad Hajjaj, 21 Gaza.Hasan Sha’ban Khamisy, 28 al-Maghazi, Gaza.Ahmad As’ad al-Boudi, 24, Beit Lahia.Ahmad Salah Abu Seedo, 17, Gaza.Salem Khalil Salem Shemaly, 22, Sheja’eyya - Gaza (Killed Sunday,Body Located Tuesday)Ibrahim Sammour, 38, Khan Younis.Atiyya Mohammad Hasan ad-Da’alsa, 34, Nusseirat.Atiyya Mohammad Abdul-Raziq, 34, central Gaza.Abdullah Awni al-Farra, 25, Khan Younis.Hamada ‘Olewa, Zaitoun. (found under the rubble of his home)Ibrahim Sobhi al-Fayre, JabaliaRafiq Mohammad Qlub, JabaliaAhmad Abu Salah, Khan Younis.Mohammad Abdul-Karim Abu Jame’, Khan Younis.Amjad al-Hindi, Gaza City.Shahinaz Walid Mohammad Abu Hamad, 1, Khan YounisHusam Abu Qeinas, 5, Khan YounisSomoud Nassr Siyam, 26, Gaza CityBader Nabil Siyam, 25, Gaza CityAhmad Ayman Mahrous Siyam, 17, Gaza CityMustafa Nabil Mahrous Siyam, 12, Gaza CityGhaida Nabil Mahrous Siyam, 8, Gaza CityDalal Nabil Mahrous Siyam, 8 months, Gaza CityKamal Mahrous Salama Siyam, 27, Gaza CityMohammad Mahrous Salaam Siyam, 25, Gaza CityShireen Mahmoud Salaam Siyam, 32, Gaza CityAhmad Suleiman Abu Saoud, 34, Khan YounisManwa Abdul-Baset as-Sabe, 37, Beit HanounKamal Balal al-Masri, 22, Beit HanounBilal Jabr Mohammad al-Ashab, 22, Gaza CityRaed Ismail al-Bardawil, 26, RafahZakariya Masoud al-Ashqar, 24, central GazaAbdullah Matroud Abu Hjeir, 16, central GazaAhmad Sofyan Abu Hjeir, 23, central Gaza.Abdul-Karim Hamad Abdul-Karim Hjeir, 33, central Gaza.Ahmad Salhoub, 34, central GazaRaed Issam Daoud, 30, Gaza CityYounis Ahmad Younis Sheikh al-Eid, 23, RafahRajae Hammad Mohammad, 38, GazaAhmad Khale Daghmash, 21, GazaMahmoud Hasan an-Nakhala, GazaSaleh Badawi, 31, GazaKamal Mas›oud, 21, GazaMohammad Samih al-Ghalban, GazaMajdi Mahmoud al-Yazeji, 56, al-Karama, GazaMayar al- Yazeji, 2, al-Karama, GazaAnas al- Yazeji, 5, al-Karama, GazaYasmin Naif al-Yazeji, al-Karama, GazaSafinaz al-Yazeji, al-Karama, GazaTamer Nayef Jundiyya, 30, GazaKamel Jundiyya, 32, GazaRahma Ahmad Jundiyya, 50Ahed Kamal Mohammad Jundiyya, 31.Mohammad Mahmoud al-Maghrebi, 24Ibrahim Shaban Bakron, 37Yousef Ghazi Hamdiyya, 25, GazaMotaz Jamal Hamdiyya, 18, GazaAaed Jamal Hamdiyya, 21. GazaYasmin al-Qisas, Gaza CityLamia Eyad al-Qisas, Gaza CityNismaa Eyad al-Qisas, Gaza CityArwa al-Qisas, Gaza CityAya Yassr al-Qisas, Gaza CityAisha Yassr al-Qisas, Gaza CityAliya Siyam, Gaza CityFayza Sabr Siyam, Gaza CitySamia Siyam, Gaza CityFadi Azmi Buryam, Deir al-BalahAyman Salaam Buryam, Deir al-BalahSalaam Abdul-Majeed Buryam, Deir al-BalahKarim Ibrahim Atiya Barham, 25, Khan YounisNidal Ali Daka, 26, Khan YounisNidal Jamaa Abu Asy, 43, Khan YounisFatima Ahmad al-Arja, RafahAtiya Yusef Dardouna, 26, JabaliaIbrahim Deib Ahmad al-Kilani, 53 (father of Yassr, Elias, Susan, Reem& Yasmeen) , Gaza CityYassr Ibrahim Deib al-Kilani, 8, Gaza CityElias Ibrahim Deib al-Kilani, 4, Gaza CitySusan Ibrahim Deib al-Kilani, 11, Gaza CityReem Ibrahim Deib al-Kilani, 12, Gaza CityYasmeen Ibrahim Deeb al-Kilani, 9, Gaza CityTaghrid Shoeban Mohammad al-Kilani, 45, Gaza CityAida Shoeban Mohammad Derbas, 47, Gaza CityMahmoud Shoeban Mohammad Derbas, 37, Gaza CitySura Shoeban Mohammad Derbas, 41, Gaza CityAynas Shoeban Mohammad Derbas, 30, Gaza CityFadi Bashir al-Ablala, 22, Khan YounisSalem Ali Abu Saada, Khan YounisMohammad Yusef Moammer, 30, Rafah.Hamza Yousef Moammer, 26, Rafah.Anas Yousef Moammar, 16, Rafah.Fathiyeh Nadi Marzouq Abu Moammer, 72, Rafah.Hosni Mahmoud al-Absi, 56, RafahSuheib Ali Joma Abu Qoura, 21, RafahAhmad Tawfiq Mohammad Zanoun, 26, RafahHamid Soboh Mohammad Fojo, 22, RafahNajah Saad al-Deen Daraji, 65, RafahAbdullah Yusef Daraji, 3, RafahMohammed Rajaa Handam 15, RafahYusef Shaaban Ziada, 44, Al BureijJamil Shaaban Ziada, 53, Al BureijShoeban Jamil Ziada, 12, Al Bureij (son of Jamil)Soheiib Abu Ziada, Al BureijMohammad Mahmoud al-Moqaddma, 30, Al BureijRaed Mansour Nayfa, Shujaeyya (Gaza City)Fuad Jaber, Medic, Shujaeyya (Gaza City)Mohammad Hani Mohammad al-Hallaq, 2, al-Rimal (Gaza City)Kenan Hasan Akram al-Hallaq, 6, al-Rimal - GazaHani Mohammad al-Hallaq, 29, al-Rimal (Gaza City)Suad Mohammad al-Hallaq, 62, al-Rimal (Gaza City)Saje Hasan Akram al-Hallaq, 4, al-Rimal (Gaza City)Hala Akram Hasan al-Hallaq, 27, al-Rimal (Gaza City)Samar Osama al-Hallaq, 29, al-Rimal (Gaza City)Ahmad Yassin, al-Rimal (Gaza City)Ismael Yassin, al-Rimal (Gaza City)Aya Bahjat Abu Sultan, 15, Beit LahiaIbrahim Salem Joma as-Sahbani, 20, Shujaeyya - GazaAref Ibrahim al-Ghalyeeni, 26, Shujaeyya - GazaOsama Khalil Ismael al-Hayya, 30, Shujaeyya - Gaza (father ofUmama and Khalil)Hallah Saqer Hasan al-Hayya, 29, Shujaeyya - Gaza (mother ofUmama and Khalil)Umama Osama Khalil al-Hayya, 9, Shujaeyya - GazaKhalil Osama Khalil al-Hayya, 7, Shujaeyya - GazaRebhi Shehta Ayyad, 31, Shujaeyya - GazaYasser Ateyya Hamdiyya, 28, Shujaeyya - GazaEsra Ateyya Hamdiyya, 28, Shujaeyya - GazaAkram Mohammad Shkafy, 63, Shujaeyya - GazaEman Khalil Abed Ammar, 9, Shujaeyya - GazaIbrahim Khalil Abed Ammar, 13, Shujaeyya - Gaza*Asem Khalil Abed Ammar, 4, Shujaeyya - GazaEman Mohammad Ibrahim Hamada, 40, Shujaeyya - GazaAhmad Ishaq Yousef Ramlawy, 33, Shujaeyya - GazaAhmad Sami Diab Ayyad, 27, Shujaeyya - GazaFida Rafiq Diab Ayyad, 24, Shujaeyya - GazaNarmin Rafiw Diab Ayyad, 20, Shujaeyya - GazaHusam Ayman Mohareb Ayyad, 23, Sheja’eyya, Gaza.Ahmad Mohammad Ahmad Abu Zanouna, 28Tala Akram Ahmad al-Atawy, 7, Shujaeyya - GazaTawfiq Barawi Salem Marshoud, 52, Shujaeyya - GazaHatem Ziad Ali Zabout, 24, Shujaeyya - GazaKhaled Riyadh Mohammad Hamad, 25, Shujaeyya - Gaza (Journalist)Khadija Ali Mousa Shihada, 62, Shujaeyya - GazaKhalil Salem Ibrahim Mosbeh, 53, Shujaeyya - GazaAdel Abdullah Eslayyem, 2, Shujaeyya - GazaDina Roshdi Abdullah Eslayyem, 2, Shujaeyya - GazaRahaf Akram Ismael Abu Joma, 4, Shujaeyya - GazaShadi Ziad Hasan Eslayyem, 15, Shujaeyya - GazaAla Ziad Hasan Eslayyem, 11, Shujaeyya - GazaSherin Fathi Othman Ayyad, 18, Shujaeyya - GazaAdel Abdullah Salem Eslayyem, 29, Shujaeyya - GazaFadi Ziad Hasan Eslayyem, 10, Shujaeyya - GazaAhed Saad Mousa Sarsak, 30, Shujaeyya - GazaAisha Ali Mahmoud Zayed, 54, Shujaeyya - GazaAbed-Rabbo Ahmad Zayed, 58, Shujaeyya - GazaAbdul-Rahman Akram Sheikh Khalil, 24, Shujaeyya - GazaMona Suleiman Ahmad Sheikh Khalil, 49Heba Hamed Mohammad Sheikh Khalil, 13, Shujaeyya - GazaAbdullah Mansour Radwan Amara, 23, Shujaeyya - GazaIssam Atiyya Said Skafy, 26, Shujaeyya - GazaAli Mohammad Hasan Skafy, 27, Shujaeyya - GazaMohammad Hasan Skafy, 53, Shujaeyya - GazaAla Jamal ed-Deen Barda, 35, Shujaeyya - GazaOmar Jamil Sobhi Hammouda, 10, Shujaeyya - GazaGhada Jamil Sobhi Hammouda, 10, Shujaeyya - GazaGhada Ibrahim Suleiman Adwan, 39, Shujaeyya - GazaFatima Abdul-Rahim Abu Ammouna, 55, Shujaeyya - GazaFahmi Abdul-Aziz Abu Said, 29, Shujaeyya - GazaGhada Sobhi Saadi Ayyad, 9, Shujaeyya - GazaMohammad Ashraf Rafiq Ayyad, 6, Shujaeyya - GazaMohammad Raed Ehsan Ayyad, 6, Shujaeyya - GazaMohammad Rami Fathi Ayyad, 2, Shujaeyya - GazaMohammad Raed Ehsan Akeela, 19, Shujaeyya - GazaMohammad Ziad Ali Zabout, 23, Shujaeyya - GazaMohammad Ali Mohared Jundiyya, 38, Shujaeyya - GazaMarah Shaker Ahmad al-Jammal, 2, Shujaeyya - GazaMarwan Monir Saleh Qonfid, 23, Shujaeyya - GazaMaisa Abdul-Rahman Sarsawy, 37, Shujaeyya - GazaMarwa Salman Ahmad Sarsawy, 13, Shujaeyya - GazaMos›ab el-Kheir Salah ed-Din Skafi, 27, Shujaeyya - GazaMona Abdul-Rahman Ayyad, 42, Shujaeyya - GazaHalla Sobhi Sa›dy Ayyad, 25, Shujaeyya - GazaYounis Ahmad Younis Mustafa, 62, Shujaeyya - GazaYousef Salem Hatmo Habib, 62, Shujaeyya - GazaFatima Abu Ammouna, 55, Shujaeyya - GazaAhmad Mohammad Azzam, 19, Shujaeyya - GazaIsmael al-Kordi, Shujaeyya - GazaFatima Ahmad Abu Jame’ (60), the family matriarch, Khan Younis.Sabah Abu Jame› (35), Her daughter-in-law and her family:Razan Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame› (14), Khan Younis.Jawdat Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame› (13), Khan Younis.Aya Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame›, (12), Khan Younis.Haifaa Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame› (9), Khan Younis.Ahmad Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame› (8), Khan Younis.Maysaa Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame› (7), Khan Younis.Tawfiq Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame› (4), Khan Younis.Shahinaz Walid Muhammad Abu Jame› (29), pregnant. (Fatima’sdaughter-in-law, and her family)Fatmeh Taysir Ahmad Abu Jame› (12), Khan Younis.Ayub Taysir Ahmad Abu Jame› (10), Khan Younis.Rayan Taysir Ahmad Abu Jame› (5), Khan Younis.Rinat Taysir Ahmad Abu Jame› (2), Khan Younis.Nujud Taysir Ahmad Abu Jame› (4 months), Khan Younis.Yasmin Ahmad Salameh Abu Jame› (25), pregnant (another of Fatima’sdaughter-in-laws, and her family):Batul Bassam Ahmad Abu Jame› (4) , Khan Younis.Soheila Bassam Ahmad Abu Jame›(3) , Khan Younis.Bisan Bassam Ahmad Abu Jame› (6 months) , Khan Younis.Yasser Ahmad Muhammad Abu Jame› (27) – Fatima’s sonFatima Riad Abu Jame› (26), pregnant, Yasser’s wife and Fatima’sdaughter in lawSajedah Yasser Ahmad Abu Jame› (7), Khan Younis.Siraj Yasser Ahmad Abu Jame› (4), Khan Younis.Noor Yasser Ahmad Abu Jame› (2), Khan Younis.Husam Husam Abu Qeinas (7) (another of Fatima’s grandsons)Tariq Farouq Mahmoud Tafesh, 37, Gaza.Hazem Naim Mohammad Aqel, 14, Gaza.Mohammad Nassr Atiyya Ayyad, 25, Gaza.Omar Zaher Saleh Abu Hussein, 19, Gaza.Ziad Ghaleb Rajab ar-Redya, 23, northern Gaza.Wael Bashir Yahia Assaf, 24, northern Gaza.Yahia Bassam as-Serry, 20, Khan YounisMohammad Bassam as-Serry, 17, Khan YounisMahmoud Rida Salhiyya, 56, Khan YounisMustafa Rida Salhiyya, 21, Khan YounisMohammad Mustafa Salhiyya, 22, Khan YounisWaseem Rida Salhiyya, 15, Khan YounisIbrahim Jamal Kamal Nassr, 13, Khan YounisRushdi Khaled Nassr, 24, Khan YounisMohammad Awad Faris Nassr, 25, Khan YounisAhmad Mahmoud Hasan Aziz, 34, Beit HanounSaid Ali Issa, 30, Juhr ed-Deek, Central GazaRaed Walid Laqan, 27, Khan YounisMohammad Jihad al-Qara, 29, Khan YounisRafat Ali Bahloul, 36, Khan YounisBilal Ismail Abu Daqqa, 33, Khan YounisMohammad Ismail Sammour, 21, Khan YounisEyad Ismael ar-Raqab, 26, Khan YounisMohammad Atallah Odah Saadat, 25, Beit HanounMohammad Rafiq ar-Rohhal, 22, Beit LahiaMohammad Ziad ar-Rohhal, 6, Beit LahiaMohammad Ahmad Abu Zanouna, 37, Gaza CityMahmoud Abdul-Hamid al-Zweidi, 23, Beit LahiaDalia Abdel-Hamid al-Zweidi, 37, Beit LahiaRowiya Mahmoud al-Zweidi, 6, Beit LahiaNaghm Mahmoud al-Zweidi, 2, Beit LahiaMohammad Khaled Jamil al-Zweidi, 20, Beit LahiaAmr Hamouda, 7, Beit LahiaMohammad Riziq Mohammad Hamouda, 18, Beit LahiaYousef Kamal Qabdurra Hamouda, 29, Beit Lahia.Momen Taysir al-Abed Abu Dan, 24, Central DistrictAbdul-Aziz Samir Abu Zaitar, 31, Central DistrictMohammad Ziad Zabout, 24, Gaza CityHatem Ziad Zabout, 22, Gaza CityFadal Mohammad al-Bana, 29, was killed in JabaliaMohammad Abdul-Rahman Abu Hamad, 25, Beit LahiaMaali Abdul-Rahman Suleiman Abu Zeid, 24, Central DistrictMohammad Ahmad as-Saidi, 18, Khan YounisAbdul-Rahman Mohammad Odah, 23, Central DistrictTariq Samir Khalil al-Hatou, 26, Central DistrictMohammad Fathi al-Ghalban, 23, Khan YounisMahmoud Anwar Abu Shabab, 16, RafahAhmad Abu Thurayya, 25, Central DistrictAbdullah Ghazi al-Masri, 30, Central DistrictAyman Nasri an-Na›ouq, 23, Central DistrictAqram Mahmoud al-Matouq, 37, JabaliaMajdi Suleiman Jabara, 22, RafahFaris Juma al-Mahmoum, 5 months, Rafah related articleOmar Eid al-Mahmoum, 18, RafahNassim Mahmoud Nassier, 22. Beit HanounKaram Mahmoud Nassier, 20, Beit HanounSalmiyya Suleiman Ghayyadh, 70, RafahRani Saqer Abu Tawila, 30, Gaza CityHammad Abdul-Karim Abu Lehya, 23, Khan YounisMohammad Abdul-Fattah Rashad Fayyad, 26, Khan YounisMahmoud Mohammad Fayyad, 25, Khan YounisAmal Khader Ibrahim Dabbour, 40, Beit HanounIsmail Yousef Taha Qassim, 59, Beit HanounAhmad Fawzi Radwan, 23, Khan YounisMahmoud Fawzi Radwan, 24, Khan YounisBilal Mahmoud Radwan, 23, Khan YounisMonther Radwan, 22, Khan YounisHasan Majdi Mahmoud Radwan, 19, Khan Younis.Mohammad Sami as-Said Omran, 26, Khan Younis.Hani As›ad Abdul-Karim Shami, 35, Khan YounisMohammad Hamdan Abdul-Karim Shami, 35, Khan YounisHusam Musallam Abu Issa, 26. GazaAhmad Ismael Abu Musallam, 14, Gaza CityMohammad Ismael Abu Musallam, 15, Gaza CityWala Ismael Abu Musallam, 13, Gaza CityNaim Mousa Abu Jarad, 23, Beit HanounAbed Mousa Abu Jarad, 30, Beit HanounSiham Mousa Abu Jarad, 26, Beit HanounRaja Oliyyan Abu Jarad, 31, Beit HanounHaniyya Abdul-Rahman Abu Jarad, 3, Beit HanounSamih Naim Abu Jarad, 1, Beit HanounMousa Abul-Rahman Abu Jarad, 6 months, Beit HanounAhlam Mousa Abu Jarad, 13, Beit HanounHusam Musallam Abu Aisha, 26, Jahr al-DeekMohammad Saad Mahmoud Abu Sa›da , Khan YounisRa›fat Mohammad al-Bahloul, 35, Khan YounisWala al-Qarra, 20, Khan YounisAbdullah Jamal as-Smeiri, 17, Khan YounisAhmad Hasan Saleh al-Ghalban, 23, Khan YounisHamada Abdullah Mohammad al-Bashiti, 21, Khan YounisHamza Mohammad Abu Hussein, 27, RafahAla Abu Shabab, 23, RafahMohammad Awad Matar, 37, RafahBassem Mohammad Mahmoud Madhi, 22, RafahAhmad Abdullah al-Bahnasawi, 25. Um An-NasrSaleh Zgheidy, 20, RafahMahmoud Ali Darwish, 40, Nusseirat, Central GazaYousef Ibrahim al-Astal, 23,Khan YounisImad Hamed E›lawwan, 7, GazaQassem Hamed E›lawwan, 4, Gaza (brother of Imad)Sarah Mohammad Bustan, 13, GazaRezeq Ahmad al-Hayek, 2, GazaMustafa Faisal Abu Sneina, 32, RafahImad Faisal Abu Sneina, 18, RafahNizar Fayez Abu Sneina, 38, RafahIsmail Ramadan al-Loulahi, 21, Khan YounisGhassan Salem Mousa Abu Azab, 28, Khan YounisAhmad Salem Shaat, 22, Khan YounisMohammad Salem Shaat, 20, Khan YounisAmjad Salem Shaat, 15, Khan YounisMohammad Talal as-Sane, 20, RafahMohammad Mahmoud Al-Qadim, 22, Deir al-BalahMohammad Abdul-Rahman Hassouna, 67, RafahZeinab Mohammad Said al-Abadla, 71, Khan YounisAhmad Reehan, 23, Beit LahiaSalem Saleh Fayyad, 25, Gaza CityAbdullah Salem al-Atras, 27, RafahBashir Mohammad Abdul-Al, 20, RafahMohammad Ziyad Ghanem, 25, RafahMohammad Ahmad al-Hout, 41, RafahFulla Tariq Shuhaibar, 8, Gaza City related articleJihad Issam Shuhaibar, 10, Gaza Cityrelated articleWasim Issam Shuhaibar, 9, Gaza Cityrelated articleRahaf Khalil al-Jbour, 4, Khan Younis related articleYassin al-Humaidi, 4, Gaza City (died of earlier wounds). related articleIsmail Youssef al-Kafarna, Beit HanounHamza Hussein al-Abadala, 29, Khan YounisAbed Ali Ntheir, 26, Gaza CityMohammad Shadi Ntheir, 15, Gaza City related articleMohammad Salem Ntheir, 4, Gaza City related articleSalah Saleh ash-Shafe›ey, Khan YounisMohammad Ismael Abu Odah, 27, RafahMohammad Abdullah Zahouq, 23, RafahAhmed Adel Nawajha, 23, RafahMohammad Taisir Abu Sharab, 23, Khan YounisMohammad Sabri ad-Debari, RafahFarid Mahmoud Abu-Daqqa, 33, Khan YounisAshraf Khalil Abu Shanab, 33, RafahKhadra Al-Abed Salama Abu Daqqa, 65, Khan Younisrelated articleOmar Ramadan Abu Daqqa, 24, Khan Younisrelated articleIbrahim Ramadan Abu Daqqa, 10, Khan Younisrelated articleAhed Atef Bakr, 10, Gaza beach.related articleZakariya Ahed Bakr, 10, Gaza beach.related articleMohammad Ramiz Bakr, 11, Gaza beach.related articleIsmail Mahmoud Bakr, 9, Gaza beach. related articleMohammad Kamel Abdul-Rahman, 30, Sheikh Ejleen, Gaza CityHusam Shamlakh, 23, Sheikh Ejleen, Gaza CityUsama Mahmoud Al-Astal, 6, Khan Younis (died of wounds sustainedearlier in attack on mosque)Hussein Abdul-Nasser al-Astal, 23, Khan YounisKawthar al-Astal, 70, Khan YounisYasmin al-Astal, 4, Khan YounisKamal Mohammad Abu Amer, 38, Khan YounisAkram Mohammad Abu Amer, 34, Khan Younis (brother of Kamal, injuredin same incident, then later same day died of his injuries)Hamza Raed Thary, 6, Jabalia (was injured a few days ago in the incidentin which many, including children, were killed while playing in the sandat the beach in Jabalia)Abdul-Rahman Ibrahim Khalil as-Sarhi, 37, Gaza CityAbdullah Mohammad al-Arjani, 19, Khan YounisSuleiman Abu Louly, 33, RafahSaleh Said Dahleez, 20, RafahYasser Eid al-Mahmoum, 18, RafahIsmael Fattouh Ismael, 24, Gaza CityKhalil Sh›aafy, Juhr Ed-Deek - GazaSobhi Abdul-hamid Mousa, 77, Khan YounisAdham Abdul-Fattah Abdul-Aal, 27Hamid Suleiman Abu al-Araj, 60, Deir al-BalahAbdullah Mahmoud Baraka, 24, Khan YounisTamer Salem Qdeih, 37, Khan YounisZiad Maher an-Najjar, 17, Khan YounisZiad Salem ash-Shawy, 25, RafahMohammad Yasser Hamdan, 24, GazaMohammad Shakib al-Agha, 22, Khan YounisAhmed Younis Abu Yousef, 22, Khan YounisSara Omar Sheikh al-Eid, 4, RafahOmar Ahmad Sheikh al-Eid, 24, RafahJihad Ahmad Sheikh al-Eid, 48, RafahKamal Atef Yousef Abu Taha, 16, Khan YounisIsmael Nabil Ahmad Abu Hatab, 21, Khan YounisBoshra Khalil Zorob, 53, RafahAtwa Amira al-Amour, 63, Khan YounisEzzeddin Bolbol, 25, RafahRami Abu Shanab, 25, Deir al-BalahFawziyya Abdul-al, 73, Gaza CityMoayyad al-Araj, 3, Khan Younis*Husam Ibrahim Najjar, 14, JabaliaHijaziyya Hamed al-Hilo, 80, Gaza CityRuwaida abu Harb Zawayda, 30, central GazaHaitham Ashraf Zorob, 21, RafahLaila Hassan al-Odaat, 41, al-MaghaziHussein Abdul-Qader Mheisin, 19, GazaQassem Talal Hamdan, 23, Beit HanounMaher Thabet abu Mour, 23, Khan Younis - related articleMohammad Salem Abu Breis, 65, Deir al-BalahMoussa Shehda Moammer, 60, Khan YounisHanadi Hamdi Moammer, 27, Khan YounisSaddam Mousa Moammer, 23, Khan YounisAnas Yousef Qandil, 17, JabaliaIslam Yousef Mohammad Qandil, 27, JabaliaMohammad Edrees Abu Sneina, 20, JabaliaAbdul-Rahim Saleh al-Khatib, 38, JabaliaHusam Thieb ar-Razayna, 39, JabaliaIbrahim Nabil Hamada, 30, at-Tuffah - Gaza CityHasan Ahmad Abu Ghush, 24, at-Tuffah - Gaza CityAhmad Mahmoud al-Bal›awy, 26, at-Tuffah - Gaza CityAli Nabil Basal, 32, at-Tuffah - Gaza CityMohammad Bassem al-Halaby, 28, western Gaza CityMohammad Sweity (Abu Askar), 20, western Gaza CityKhawla al-Hawajri, 25, Nuseirat refugee campOla Wishahi, 31, Mabarra association for the disabled in JabaliaSuha Abu Saade, 38, Mabarra association for the disabled in JabaliaMohammad Edrees Abu Sweilem, 20, JabaliaRateb Subhi al-Saifi, 22, Sheikh Radwan - Gaza CityAzmi Mahmoud Obeid, 51, Sheikh Radwan - Gaza CityNidal Mahmoud Abu al-Malsh, 22, Sheikh Radwan - Gaza CitySuleiman Said Obeid, 56, Sheikh Radwan - Gaza CityMustafa Muhammad Inaya, 58, Sheikh Radwan - Gaza CityGhassan Ahmad al-Masri, 25, Sheikh Radwan - Gaza CityRifat Youssef Amer, 36, al-SaftawiRifat Syouti, western Gaza City*Nahedh Naim al-Batsh, 41, Khan YounisBaha Majed al-Batsh, 28, Khan YounisQusai Issam al-Batsh, 12, Khan YounisAziza Yousef al-Batsh, 59, Khan YounisAhmad Noman al-Batsh, 27, Khan YounisMohammad Issam al-Batsh, 17, Khan YounisYahia Ala Al-Batsh, 18, Khan YounisJalal Majed al-Batsh, 26, Khan YounisMahmoud Majed al-Batsh, 22, Khan YounisMajed Sobhi al-Batsh, Khan YounisMarwa Majed al-Batsh, 25, Khan YounisKhaled Majed al-Batsh, 20, Khan YounisIbrahim Majed al-Batsh, 18, Khan YounisManar Majed al-Batsh, 13, Khan YounisAmal Hussein al-Batsh, 49, Khan YounisAnas Ala al-Batsh, 10, Khan YounisQusai Ala al-Batsh, 20, Khan YounisMohannad Yousef Dheir, 23, RafahShadi Mohammad Zorob, 21, RafahImad Bassam Zorob, 21, RafahMohannad Yousef Dheir, 23, RafahMohammad Arif, 13, eastern Gaza CityMohammad Ghazi Arif, 35, eastern Gaza CityGhazi Mustafa Arif, 62, eastern Gaza CityAhmad Yousef Dalloul, 47, GazaFadi Ya›coub Sukkar, 25, GazaQassem Jaber Odah, 16, Khan YounisMohammad Abdullah Sharatha, 53, JabaliaMohammad Ahmed Basal, 19, Gaza CityWisam Abdul-Razeq Hasan Ghannam, 31, RafahMahmoud Abdul-Razeq Hasan Ghannam, 28, RafahKifah Shaker Ghannam, 33, RafahGhalia Thieb Ghannam, 57, RafahMohammad Munir Ashour, 26, RafahNour Marwan an-Ajdi, 10, RafahAnas Rezeq abu al-Kas, 33, Gaza City (doctor)Abdullah Mustafa abu Mahrouq, 22, Deir al-BalahMahmoud Waloud, 26, JabaliaHazem Ba›lousha, JabaliaAla Abdul Nabi, Beit Lahia.*Ahmed Zaher Hamdan, 24, Beit HanounMohammad Kamel al-Kahlout, 25, JabaliaSami Adnan Shaldan, 25, Gaza CitySalem al-Ashhab, 40, Gaza CityRaed Hani Abu Hani, 31, RafahMohammad Rabea Abu- Hmeedan, 65, JabaliaShahrman Ismail Abu al-Kas, 42, Al-BureijMazin Mustafa Aslan, 63, Al BureijMohammad Samiri, 24, Deir al-BalahRami Abu Mosaed, 23, Deir al-BalahSaber Sokkar, 80, Gaza CityHussein Mohammad al-Mamlouk, 47, Gaza CityNasser Rabah Mohammad Sammama, 49, Gaza CityAbdul-Halim Abdul-Moty Ashra, 54, Deir al-BalahSahar Salman Abu Namous, 3, Beit HanounOdai Rafiq Sultan, 27, JabaliaJoma Atiyya Shallouf, 25, RafahBassam Abul-Rahman Khattab, 6, Deir al-BalahMahmoud Lutfi al-Hajj, 58, Khan Younis (father of six killed)Bassema Abdul-fatteh Mohammad al-Hajj, 48, Khan Younis(mother of six )Asma Mahmoud al-Hajj, 22, Khan YounisFatima Mahmoud al-Hajj, 12, Khan YounisSaad Mahmoud al-Hajj, 17, Khan YounisNajla Mahmoud al-Hajj, 29, Khan YounisTareq Mahmoud al-Hajj, 18, Khan YounisOmar Mahmoud al-Hajj, 20, Khan YounisAyman Adham Yusef al-Hajj,16, northern Gaza.Baha Abu al-Leil, 35, Gaza CitySuleiman Saleem Mousa al-Astal, 17, Khan YounisAhmed Saleem Mousa al-Astal, 24, Khan Younis (Suleiman›s brother)Mousa Mohammed Taher al-Astal, 50, Khan YounisIbrahim Khalil Qanan, 24, Khan YounisMohammad Khalil Qanan, 26, Khan Younis (Ibrahim›s brother)Ibrahim Sawali, 28, Khan YounisHamdi Badea Sawali, 33, Khan YounisMohammad al-Aqqad, 24, Khan YounisIsmael Hassan Abu Jame, 19, Khan YounisHussein Odeh Abu Jame, 75, Khan YounisAbdullah Ramadan Abu Ghazal, 5, Beit HanounMohammad Ehsan Ferwana, 27, Khan YounisSalem Qandil, 27, Gaza CityAmer al-Fayyoumi, 30, Gaza CityRaed az-Zourah, 32, Khan YounisHamed Shihab, Journalist - GazaSalima al-Arja, 53, RafahMiriam Atiya al-Arja, 9, RafahRafiq al-Kafarna, 30Abdul-Nasser Abu Kweik, 60Khaled Abu Kweik, 31Mohammad Mustafa Malika, 18 monthsHana Mohammed Fuad Malaka, 28 (Mohammad›s Mother), 27Hatem Abu Salem, Gaza CityMohammad Khaled an-Nimra, 22Sahar Hamdan (al-Masry), 40, Beit HanounMohammad Ibrahim al-Masry, 14, Beit HanounAmjad Hamdan, 23, Beit HanounHani Saleh Hamad, 57, Beit HanounIbrahim Hani Saleh Hamad, 20, Beit HanounMohammad Khalaf Nawasra, 4, al-MaghaziNidal Khalaf Nawasra, 5, al-MaghaziSalah Awad Nawasra, 24, al-Maghazi. (father of Mohammad and Nidal)Aesha Najm al-Nawasra, 23, al-Maghazi (mother of Mohammad and Nidal,pregnant in the fourth month)Naifa Mohammed Zaher Farajallah, 80, al-MughraqaAmal Yousef Abdul-Ghafour, 20, Khan YounisNariman Jouda Abdul-Ghafour, 18 months, Khan YounisIbrahim Daoud al-Bal›aawyAbdul-Rahman Jamal az-ZamelyIbrahim Ahmad Abdin, 42, RafahMustafa Abu Murr, 20, RafahKhaled Abu Murr, 22, RafahMazin Faraj Al-JarbaMarwan EslayyemRaed Mohammed Shalat, 37, al-NussairatYasmin Mohammad Matouq, 4, Beit HanounMohammad Shaban, 24, GazaAmjad Shaban, 30, GazaKhader al-Basheeleqety, 45, GazaRashad Yassin, 27, NusseiratMohammad Ayman Ashour, 15, Khan YounisRiyadh Mohammad Kaware, 50, Khan YounisBakr Mohammad Joudeh, 50, Khan YounisAmmar Mohammad Joudeh, 26, Khan YounisHussein Yousef Kaware, 13, Khan YounisBassem Salem Kaware, 10, Khan YounisMohammad Ibrahim Kaware, 50, Khan YounisMohammad Habib, 22, GazaAhmed Mousa Habib, 16, GazaSaqr Aayesh al-Ajjoury, 22, JabaliaAhmad Nael Mahdi, 16, GazaHafeth Mohammad Hamad, 26, Beit HanounIbrahim Mohammad Hamad, 26, Beit HanounMahdi Mohammad Hamad, 46, Beit HanounFawziyya Khalil Hamad, 62, Beit HanounDonia Mahdi Hamad, 16, Beit HanounSoha Hamad, 25, Beit HanounSuleiman Salam Abu Sawaween, 22, Khan YounisSiraj Eyad Abdul-Aal, 8, Khan YounisAbdul-Hadi Soufi, 24, Rafah