National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014-2017_FINAL

36The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014SECTION 3: GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS3.2.4 Shelter and HousingPrior to the AssaultGaza was already facing a housing shortage of over 75,000 units, as a result of a rapidly growing and young population, importrestrictions on construction materials, and significant damage and destruction during previous assaults.Impact of the AssaultFurther severe stress was caused by the July/August assault, which affected around 60,000 housing units (or 18 percent of Gaza’shousing stock). Around 20,000 housing units were totally destroyed or severely damaged. A further 40,000 housing units werepartially damaged, impacting a further 260,000 people.One in four Gaza residents were displaced by the Israeli bombardment, forced into public shelters or shared accommodation: ofthat number, over 68 percent were displaced by housing damage. Weeks after the ceasefire, as this report goes to print, some110,000 IDPs remain in public shelters or with host families.Type of damage Destroyed Severe Damage Partial damage Total UnitsDescription Totally destroyed houses, beyondrepair. Need demolition andreconstruction.Severe damages in essentialparts of house. Uninhabitableuntil major rehabilitation workMajor or minor damages inpart of house. House can beinhabited but needs repairsis undertaken.North Gaza 2,300 2,300 8,000 12,600Gaza 2,900 2,900 15,000 20,800Middle Gaza 1,500 1,500 6,000 9,000Khan Younis 2,000 2,000 7,000 11,000Rafah 1,300 1,300 4,000 6,600Total 10,000 10,000 40,000 60,0003.2.5 Government Buildings and Other Public InfrastructureImpact of the AssaultThe impact of the July/August assault was universal on public infrastructure. Municipalities, central government authorities, andUNRWA report destruction and damage to facilities, and critical operational infrastructure and equipment. In total, 78 publicbuildings were destroyed, adding to the 28 public buildings destroyed in previous assaults.3.2.6 Border CrossingsThe 2006 Access and Movement Agreement (AMA) identified six border crossings for commercial and traveler use, as well asthe international airport and commercial seaport. Currently, only three border crossings are functional, with minimal movementallowed across all three. Other crossings and access (including the safe passage to the West Bank) are not open, and their facilitiesrange from being under-developed, damaged, deteriorated, or destroyed. This non-compliance with the AMA has suppressedeconomic growth and effectively imprisoned 1.8 million people.3.2.7 RoadsImpact of the AssaultThe municipal road networks suffered the most damage. One in every two kilometers of regional roads in Gaza were alreadyunpaved or damaged, as a result of damage in previous Israeli incursions or because rehabilitation was hindered by the blockade.Further damage to roads during the assault impeded rapid response and civilian evacuation and continues to constrain provisionof basic and critical services. Khan Younis, Gaza, and North Gaza experienced the greatest road damage respectively.