Developing a Vietnamese Men's Behaviour Change Program

ContentsAcknowledgements................................................................................... 2Introduction............................................................................................... 3Background............................................................................................... 4About the Program:................................................................................... 6Collaboration......................................................................................... 6Ongoing Community Education............................................................ 7Session Improvements.......................................................................... 7Development of the group to NTV standards......................................... 8Project Outcomes: a discussion................................................................ 9Outcome 1 & 2..................................................................................... 9Outcome 2.......................................................................................... 11Outcome 3.......................................................................................... 13Limitations to the evaluation method through surveys.............................. 14Conclusion and recommendations........................................................... 15Appendix 1: Results................................................................................. 17Appendix 2: Reference list....................................................................... 241

AcknowledgementsDeveloping a Vietnamese Men’s Behaviour Change Program report writers:Editors:Robyn McIvorKatrina MarkwickBronwyn ThwaitesKate GreenRelationships Australia Victoria has worked in partnership with the following organisationsforming a reference group that has provided input, support and direction to the groupfacilitators and to the project:inTouch Multicultural Centre against Family ViolenceDjerriwarrh Health ServicesKildonan Uniting CareThe Victorian Foundation for Survivors of TortureNo To Violence Male Family Violence Prevention AssociationAustralian Vietnamese Women’s AssociationDepartment of Human ServicesNeighbourhood Justice CentreDepartment of JusticeVictoria PoliceDoutta Galla Community HealthBrotherhood of St Laurence (Ecumenical Migration Centre)The family violence team of RAV’s Sunshine Centre is particularly acknowledged for theirmentoring, support, wisdom and sharing of resources with the Vietnamese facilitators of theVietnamese Men’s and Family Violence group and for sharing their manager.Special thanks to RAV’s Kew Centre and Ballarat Child and Family Services for willinglyembracing the Vietnamese facilitators and allowing them to undertake practicum training tocomplete their qualifications.2

IntroductionRelationships Australia Victoria (RAV) has been providing relationship support services toVictorians for more than 60 years.Our centres have a range of family and relationship services for men including counselling,men’s groups, family dispute resolution, assistance on relationship and parenting mattersand education courses on relationship issues and personal growth.The Sunshine Centre runs entry level, behaviour change and ongoing ‘mentor’ groups formen who have been violent and controlling towards family members.In 2010, the Centre gained a Legal Services Board grant to establish a Men’s BehaviourChange Program for members of the Vietnamese community in Melbourne’s Northwesternregion. This group was to be facilitated by Vietnamese speaking facilitators of both gendersand to run for fifteen weeks with an initial focus on torture, trauma and cultural issues, withfurther content including themes covered in mainstream groups regarding responsibility ofthe men and safety of the women and children.The Sunshine RAV Centre managed the program in partnership with a reference groupincluding Kildonan Uniting Care, Djerriwarrh Health Services, inTouch Multicultural CentreAgainst Family Violence, (inTouch), Australian Vietnamese Women’s Association, (AVWA),TheVictorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture, (VFST), No To Violence Male Family ViolencePrevention Association, (NTV).The program’s proposed outcomes were:1. decreased prevalence of violence within the families of the menparticipating in the group as evidenced by the men’s partners through women’sstories that the violence has decreased.2. increased access to support and relevant services for Vietnamesespeaking women and children who have experienced family violence and for theVietnamese men who have used the family violence.3. increased learning in relation to family violence with the targetedCulturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) community by the referencegroup, which may assist the partners in including new practices intowork that would further enhance our work with men and our work aroundthe safety of women and children.The program was accountable to a reference group comprising representatives from partnerorganisations.3

BackgroundThe population of Melbourne’s Northwest region is culturally highly diverse. For example,Australian Bureau of Statistics data 2006 for Brimbank and Maribyrnong show that morethan 50% of the population speaks a language other than English, with Vietnamese the nextmost common language.CALD women are identified in the Victorian Government’s Common Risk AssessmentFramework (Domestic Violence Resource Centre Victoria, 2008) as one of the groups atgreatest risk of family violence. Research has indicated that cultural difference, gender roles,familism, shame and collectivism often combine with factors related to the experience ofmigration to place immigrant and refugee women at heightened risk from domestic violence.(Pease & Rees 2008).There had been some previous work undertaken with Vietnamese men using family violence:“This small Vietnamese pilot project has confirmed that it is possible to work with men ofthese communities”. This pilot highlighted that any response must be grounded in andsensitive to the lived experience of the community and its culture. Training in working withfamily violence is a priority as workers in these communities have few skills or experience inscreening, assessment and running intervention programs.” (Melvin, et al 1999).In 2008, the Northwest Men’s Integrated Partnership identified the need for specific CALDMen’s Behaviour Change Programs through a consultative workshop held in February 2009for all northwest men’s family violence programs. Given the population data, the high numberof Vietnamese women contacting inTouch with regard to family violence and previous workundertaken with the Vietnamese community, the Northwest Men’s Integrated Partnershipproposed that a Vietnamese-speaking men’s family violence group be established witha focus on the need for well-developed cultural sensitivity and understanding of theVietnamese women’s experience.Three of the partnership’s member organisations - RAV, Djerriwarrh Health Services andKildonan Uniting Care each contributed 10% of one year’s family violence funding to theproject which inTouch enthusiastically agreed to manage.In early 2009, InTouch established a reference group with representatives from the threeorganisations, Australian Vietnamese Women’s Association, The Victorian Foundation forSurvivors of Torture and No To Violence Male Family Violence Prevention Association (NTV).This reference group guided the project and the employment, training, and mentoring of thefacilitators - areas that were indicated as requiring of resources in the earlier Melvin report,(Melvin et al 1999).The history of the development of this reference group and the first Vietnamese men’s familyviolence group is published in the compendium report: Vietnamese Men’s Family ViolenceProgram - Evaluation Report (inTouch 2011).A second Vietnamese men’s family violence group was run in 2010 through funding receivedvia the Western Integrated Family Violence Committee, a donation given to InTouch and4

generous in-kind support from the organisations represented on the reference group. Therewas insufficient funding for a further evaluation.This report, Developing a Vietnamese Men’s Behaviour Change Program, is based onthe evaluation of the third Vietnamese men’s program, renamed Vietnamese Men’s andFamily Violence Group at the recommendation of the participants. It follows on from therecommendations of the first evaluation report and the proposed outcomes detailed in theproject funding application.5

About the programFacilitated by trained male and female Vietnamese-speaking facilitators, the program ranfor 15 weeks in 2011, with an initial focus on torture, trauma and cultural issues as many ofthe men had come from a refugee background.Other content included the themes covered in mainstream men’s behaviour change groupsregarding responsibility of men and the safety of women and children.Based on a recommendation from the first evaluation report, information about the groupwas disseminated widely through community events and festivals to maximise the numberof referrals, including self-referrals.Ten men between the ages of 22 and 43 were involved initially, with one man leaving thegroup after two sessions:• two of the men voluntarily self-referred• two had an undertaking with conditions to attend• one was referred by the Department of Human Services (DHS)• two were court referred from Sunshine and Heidelberg• one was referred by a lawyer• one was a community-based order through community corrections service.The group was run at the Sunshine Centre’s premises in the Harvester Centre, DevonshireRoad, Sunshine. The Centre ran other programs on the same evening as the group, therebyincreasing the security of the group leaders and reducing the isolation of the participants.As a result of recommendations from the reference group, a number of changes were madeduring the program as follows.CollaborationThe reference group was broadened to include representatives from Victoria Police,Department of Human Services, Neighbourhood Justice Centre, Department of Justice,and Doutta Galla Community Health.Broader representation on the reference group and increased awareness within servicenetworks about the program and the previous groups contributed to a steady flow ofreferrals into this group.Reference group members advocated for ongoing funding throughout the year.6

Ongoing community educationThe reference group’s advocacy for further programs recognises the need for communityeducation and development to enable Vietnamese men to speak openly about themselvesand their behaviour.Future work would require ongoing education programs to raise awareness of this issue inthe broader Vietnamese community.Session improvementsThe recommendations regarding improving the sessions were fully implemented, enhancingthe quality of the work with the men.The supervisor who had been involved with the first two groups continued to supervise thefacilitators for this group. Observation of the facilitators’ group practice occurred.The option for debriefing after a session was established although not generally requiredimmediately after a session as the group leaders experience developed. All assessmentswere conducted at the Sunshine Centre enhancing the safety of the facilitators and thesecurity and confidentiality of the participants.The partner contact worker and the group facilitators met with the Sunshine Centre Managereach week to discuss the safety of the women, the men’s progress, themes that needed tobe raised in the group, and referral options for the men, women and children. The partnercontact worker was also supervised weekly by the Sunshine RAV Centre Manager.The increased communication between the workers involved in the Vietnamese Men’s andFamily Violence group enabled more thorough seamless practice to develop.The Sunshine Centre employed the group leaders for this project, which enabled the mento have the opportunity to talk with the facilitators beyond the group setting. Also, oneorganisation as a central referral point facilitated the referral process.The group’s partner contact worker received further support as their work time overlappedwith that of the Centre’s mainstream partner contact worker. The worker also had accessto established partner contact procedures.Halfway through the group program, a contact night was run for the partners of theVietnamese men and the partners of the men attending the mainstream family violencegroup.A session of the Centre’s mainstream Reconnecting program to help men reconnect withtheir children after violence was extended to the Vietnamese men’s group. This session waswell received and particularly pertinent as many of the participants had been referred to thegroup as a result of family violence impacting on their partner and children.During this project, the facilitators were funded by DHS to undertake specialist training inmen’s behaviour change facilitation provided by Swinburne University. This enhanced theirexperience and practice in the group.7

Development of the group to NTV standardsThe formalising of procedures for this group, enhancing of partner contact, increase incommunication between the facilitators and partner contact worker and up-skilling of thefacilitators, led to the reference group relooking at the NTV standards as they applied to thegroup.The reference group, with NTV input, agreed that once the facilitators have completed thecourse and subject to ongoing funding being secured to enable assessments to be offeredregularly, the Vietnamese Men’s and Family Violence Group has developed to the stagewhere it can be called a Vietnamese Men’s Behaviour Change Program.The reference group has seen this as a major achievement of the project.8

Project outcomes: a discussionThe three key proposed outcomes of this project were:1. Decreased prevalence of violence within the families of the men participating in thegroup as evidenced by the men’s partners through women’s stories that theviolence has decreased.2. Increased access to support and relevant services for Vietnamese speakingwomen and children who have experienced family violence and for the Vietnamesemen who have used the family violence.3. Increased learning in relation to family violence with the targeted CALD communityby the reference group, which may assist the partners in including new practicesinto work that would further enhance our work with men and our work around thesafety of women and children.Outcomes 1 and 2In order to measure outcomes 1 and 2, the men were asked to complete a survey abouttheir violent behaviour and their control over it at the beginning, middle and end of thegroup.The partner contact worker recorded information from the women at three stages through anarrative approach and when appropriate for the women, rather than at a prescribed time.The discussion is based on the findings of these surveys, the reference group insights andthe understanding of the men and their partners gained by the workers who worked closelywith them and conducted the initial assessment.The survey results are taken from the responses of the nine men who completed the group(as one of these men ticked disagree for every question in every evaluation, his results wereomitted).The women’s survey results are taken from the five women with whom the partner contactworker had regular contact and for whom the surveys were appropriate and useful toimplement.In the early stages of the group, the facilitators’ experience of the men was of denial andminimisation of violent behaviour, leading to gradual recognition and disclosure of violentbehaviour.The men’s responses to the ‘reflections on his behaviour’ table support this, in that thereis a general pattern of responses constituted by the men responding ‘not relevant ( neverhappened)’ to the use of all violent behaviours at the beginning of the group and yetresponding ‘noticeable change for the better’ for all behaviours at the end.There was variation in the women’s responses to the question of how likely they thoughtthat the man would injure them again and wariness about their safety half way through9

protect themselves and their children has been previously indicated in Howard’s research,(Howard, J. 2008). And the benefit of men’s behaviour change programs in providing a‘supportive way for women to leave a physically abusive man’ has also been highlighted(Costello, S. 2006).The outposting of the Vietnamese women’s partner contact worker from InTouch enableda smooth referral process for the women into outreach work provided through AustralianVietnamese Women’s Association and ongoing case management where required, throughInTouch.InTouch and Doutta Galla Community Health Centre ran a Vietnamese women’s parentinggroup concurrently with the Vietnamese Men’s and Family Violence Program. There werealso referrals for the women to lawyers, counsellors and mediators who were Vietnamesespeaking or engaged a Vietnamese interpreter when needed. Referrals for the childrenwhere made to counsellors and children’s groups as required.The increased access to support and relevant services for the women and children wasenhanced by the regular partner contact and the ability to slowly introduce the idea ofa referral and to build on this in future contact. The weekly meetings of facilitators andpartner contact worker and regular supervision of all three workers also enhanced the flowof information regarding safety and enabled regular discussion regarding referrals.There was a strong request in the men’s group for information and support regardingparenting of their children in Australia, in a full-time parenting capacity and as the nonresidentialparent.There were a number of discussions in the men’s group and information was provided onpositive parenting, maintaining of the relationship with the children as the non-residentialparent, and parenting roles.The importance of the men assisting and enabling their children to develop literacy andnumeracy was also discussed. A quote from one of the facilitators encapsulates some ofthis discussion: “We have already been the children, now it is their turn to play learn and liveand to be the cultural ambassador of the family.”The partner contact worker reported that the women disclosed that their children hadgained the most benefit from the men’s attendance in the group:“No longer smoking in the car (respect and concern for the children’s health).”“The way he talks to children; softer and calm and not yelling.”“He is no more violent to the children but increasingly is abusing me.”When the last contact with the women was made, three of the women said the menhad changed their behaviour positively within their relationship and their behaviour hadimproved. Two of the women were planning to apply for a divorce and had referrals in placeto facilitate this and now felt safe enough to proceed. Two were separated and there hadbeen no contact possible with the two remaining women. The possibility of separatingsafely, as indicated previously, is an important outcome of partner contact and the men’sreduced physical violence.12

Some significant changes were made by this group of Vietnamese women enabled throughthe partner contact, the use of referral services, the men’s changes in behaviour and thewomen’s recognition of violence in their relationship as unacceptable.Outcome 3Some of the learnings have been discussed throughout this report. Further learnings havebeen as follows:• The name of the group. Some men were put off by the title “Vietnamese Men’s FamilyViolence Group” and found “Vietnamese Men’s and Family Violence Group”, moreacceptable.While “Vietnamese Men’s Behaviour Change program” would have been moreacceptable to the men, this could not be used at the time this group was run aswork was occurring to bring the group up to this recognised standard.This title may be a limitation in further culturally and linguistically diverse men’sgroups as there is a developmental process required to become a Men’s BehaviourChange group.• The men’s ability to take responsibility for their behaviour and to acknowledge theiruse of violence took some time to develop. The men came to the group initially asthey saw themselves as “having issues” not necessarily as “using violence”. Themen indeed needed to do considerable learning about what intimate partnerviolence was before they could acknowledge their use of this.• The ability of the men to take up the possibility of partner relationships based ongender equality and the equal value of the different roles they played in the familywas very evident in this group. What was also evident was the need to continuallytackle this area from various vantage points. The benefits to the men’s children andto their relationships with their children were a major point of leverage.• This project needed to be undertaken fully and thoroughly and to do less isdisrespectful to the community with whom we were working. The initial communitydevelopment work and the continued links with the Vietnamese community wereimportant to the project’s success.• A reference group of committed organisations and committed workers are requiredto undertake work with a CALD community regarding family violence, and to makea difference for the men, women and children in that community. The regularmeetings of the partner contact worker, project manager and facilitators made adifference to the safety of these families and the quality of the work in this program.• The development of the facilitators’ skills has taken time, resources and theircommitment to learning. Undertaking mainstream qualifications has not been aneasy process and gaining practicum placements has also not been easy. Theremay need to be some course considerations for CALD workers entering men’sbehaviour change work and seeking qualifications in this area.13

Limitations to the evaluation method through surveysThe surveys were translated into Vietnamese, however factors to take into account are:• the men’s Vietnamese literacy ability which varied in the group• cultural issues regarding the interpretation of the question• cultural issues regarding trauma impacting on completing the forms at all• the low level of English language ability in the group• the learning of the reference group around wording of questions e.g. respectfulbehaviours has a different translation in Vietnamese where respect is affordedmore readily to the man or father.Some questions incurred a double negative and were difficult to analyse.The surveys were implemented at different times for the women, when it was appropriateduring the work, rather than regular intervals. This made comparison of the men’s viewsand women’s views difficult at various stages. The sample size of men and women wassmall and further research may be useful to compare with results from future groups.A broader narrative approach is recommended for future research where the perspectivesof individual men and women are gained at regular intervals during the course of the group.14

Conclusion and recommendationsThe Vietnamese Men’s and Family Violence Group is no longer a pilot project.Three successful groups have run, there is a solid reference group supporting this programand the No To Violence standards will be met once the training of the facilitators is completeand ongoing funding is secured. Referrals for this program continue once each group iscompleted and during the group.The need for a Vietnamese speaking culturally-appropriate Men’s Behaviour Change grouphas been strongly advocated by the partners of the men at each phase of the project.Simply, the men would not have agreed to attend a Men’s Behaviour Change program thatwas English speaking, according to the women.It is important that government bodies funding family violence work recognise that specificlanguage speaking groups are required for CALD men to enable them to embracebehavioural changes and move towards non-violent behaviour.This project has made a start with one specific cultural group of men in Melbourne’sNorthwest. There has been encouragement from referral sources to develop groups forIndian, Arabic speaking, and African men.The project has shown that the development of a specific CALD group is indeed possible.The requirements are:• committed partnerships between organisations• time to develop the group, the facilitators’ experience and the reference group’sknowledge• the community’s readiness for such a program• ongoing funding.Future evaluation, particularly in relation to the men’s responses about the reduction in theprevalence of violence within their families, may be better informed by a narrative approachwith the men and women rather then the use of written surveys.Research into the area needs to be longitudinal with longer term followup of the men andwomen.Although the men’s programs in Melbourne’s Northwest region at times have utilisedinterpreters in the groups, it is difficult for one or two men requiring this, to maintain theirinvolvement. The usual shame of attending such a group is amplified by the man’s lack ofEnglish ability.We have found that Vietnamese men will attend a group that addresses their violencewithin their intimate relationships, and their partners are supportive of them doing this.The Vietnamese men in this group would also like to continue the work on their behaviourchange.15

An opportunity to participate in a first stage or entry group program prior to a Men’sBehaviour Change program may also ground the men initially, enabling further behaviouraland attitudinal change to occur in the group.RecommendationsThe reference group recommends the following:• that the Vietnamese Men’s Behaviour Change group, as it will be known very soon,is run on a regular basis with solid partner contact provided simultaneously• the establishment of broad geographical boundaries for referral of Vietnamese meninto a behavior change program and that groups be run in various municipalities• Vietnamese workers and students are invited to observe future groups. With twotrained facilitators, there is further possibility of program expansion and allowingfacilitators to have periodic breaks.• further advertising of future groups through Vietnamese radio, community eventsand current referral sources.Finally, this work is worthwhile and can make a difference to the use of violence in theVietnamese families involved. The reader is encouraged to explore ways of sensitively andthoroughly undertaking family violence work in CALD communities where opportunities existfor collaborative work with services specialising in family violence and culturally specificwork.16

Appendix 1 : ResultsReflections on my/his behaviour – 1√ Week 1 (male client)√ Week 15 (male client)√ Before Week 1 (female partner) (IO granted 6 months ago)My use of these behaviours with my partner/ex-partner (and children if relevant):His use of:Physical violence/abuseNotRelevant(neverhappened)Noticeablechangefor the worseSmallchangefor theworseNochangeat allSmallchangefor thebetterNoticeableChangefor thebetter√ √√Verbal and emotional abuse√ √ √Controlling behaviour√ √√Threatening or intimidating behaviour√√ √Economic violence/abuse√ √ √Sexual violence/abuse√√ √Speaking respectfully“Not even Notice” √√Listening respectfullyn/a √√Compromising and negotiating fairly with my partnerCompromising and negotiating fairly with me regarding arrangements for the children √ √√Taking responsibility for my behaviourTaking responsibility for his behaviour √ √√Trying a solution to a disagreement suggested by my partner/ex-partnerTrying a solution to a disagreement suggested by myself n/a √√Acknowledging and validating my partner’s/ex-partner’s concerns, feelings and point of viewAcknowledging and validating my concerns, feelings and point of view √ √√Respecting my partner’s/ex-partner’s need for personal space and privacyRespecting my need for personal space and privacy Need explanationaroundprivacy√ √√17

√ Week 1 (male client)√ Week 15 (male client)√ Before Week 1 (female partner)Reflections on my/his behaviour - 2My use of these behaviours with my partner/ex-partner (and children if relevant):His use of:Physical violence/abuseNotRelevant(neverhappened)Noticeablechangefor theworseSmallchangefor the worseNochangeat allSmallchangefor thebetterNoticeableChangefor thebetter√√ √Verbal and emotional abuse√√ √Controlling behaviour√√ √Threatening or intimidating behaviour√√ √Economic violence/abuse√ √Sexual violence/abuse√√√Speaking respectfully√√Listening respectfully√ √√Compromising and negotiating fairly with my partnerCompromising and negotiating fairly with me regarding arrangements for the children √ √√Taking responsibility for my behaviourTaking responsibility for his behaviour √Woman minimizing his violentbehaviour towards his ex-partnerTrying a solution to a disagreement suggested by my partner/ex-partnerTrying a solution to a disagreement suggested by myself √√√Acknowledging and validating my partner’s/ex-partner’s concerns, feelings and point of viewAcknowledging and validating my concerns, feelings and point of view √ Always √Respecting my partner’s/ex-partner’s need for personal space and privacyRespecting my need for personal space and privacy √ Always √18

√ Week 1 (male client)√ Week 15 (male client)√ Week 2 (female partner)Reflections on my/his behaviour - 3My use of these behaviours with my partner/ex-partner (and children if relevant):His use of:NotRelevant(neverhappened)NoticeableChange forthe worseSmallchangefor theworseNo changeat allPhysical violence/abuse √ √√Verbal and emotional abuse √√ √Controlling behaviour √ √√Threatening or intimidating behaviour √Economic violence/abuse√“only whenupset!!”Smallchangefor thebetterNoticeableChangefor thebetter√√ √√Sexual violence/abuse√√ √Speaking respectfully√ √ √Listening respectfully√√ √Compromising and negotiating fairly with my partnerCompromising and negotiating fairly with me regarding arrangements for the childrenTaking responsibility for my behaviourTaking responsibility for his behaviourTrying a solution to a disagreement suggested by my partner/ex-partnerTrying a solution to a disagreement suggested by myself√“only raise voicewhen upset”√ √ √√ √√ √ √Acknowledging and validating my partner’s/ex-partner’s concerns, feelings and point of viewAcknowledging and validating my concerns, feelings and point of view √√ √Respecting my partner’s/ex-partner’s need for personal space and privacyRespecting my need for personal space and privacy √ √ √19

√ Week 1 (male client)√ Week 15 (male client)Reflections on my/his behaviour - 4My use of these behaviours with my partner/ex-partner (and children if relevant):His use of:Physical violence/abuseNotRelevant(neverhappened)Noticeablechangefor theworseSmallchangefor theworseNochangeat allSmallchangefor thebetterNoticeableChangefor thebetter√√Verbal and emotional abuse√√Controlling behaviour√ √Threatening or intimidating behaviour√√Economic violence/abuse√ √Sexual violence/abuse√ √Speaking respectfully√ √Listening respectfully√ √Compromising and negotiating fairly with my partnerCompromising and negotiating fairly with me regarding arrangements for the children √√Taking responsibility for my behaviourTaking responsibility for his behaviour √Trying a solution to a disagreement suggested by my partner/ex-partnerTrying a solution to a disagreement suggested by myself √ √Acknowledging and validating my partner’s/ex-partner’s concerns, feelings and point of viewAcknowledging and validating my concerns, feelings and point of view √ √Respecting my partner’s/ex-partner’s need for personal space and privacyRespecting my need for personal space and privacy √ √20

Reflections on my/his behaviour - 5√ Week 1 (male client)√ Week 15 (male client)√ Before Week 1 (female partner) IO in placeMy use of these behaviours with my partner/ex-partner (and children if relevant):His use of:Physical violence/abuseNotRelevant(neverhappened)Noticeablechangefor theworseSmallchangefor theworseNochangeat allSmallchangefor thebetterNoticeableChangefor the better√ √√Verbal and emotional abuse√ √√Controlling behaviour√√ √Threatening or intimidating behaviour√ √√Economic violence/abuse√ √ √Sexual violence/abuse√ √√Speaking respectfully√ √ √Listening respectfully√ √Compromising and negotiating fairly with my partnerCompromising and negotiating fairly with me regarding arrangements for the children √ √ √Taking responsibility for my behaviourTaking responsibility for his behaviour √Trying a solution to a disagreement suggested by my partner/ex-partnerTrying a solution to a disagreement suggested by myself √√yesandno√√√“I haven’t comeacrossed to this”Acknowledging and validating my partner’s/ex-partner’s concerns, feelings and point of viewAcknowledging and validating my concerns, feelings and point of view √ √Respecting my partner’s/ex-partner’s need for personal space and privacyRespecting my need for personal space and privacy√ √21

√ Week 1 (male client)√ Week 15 (male client)Reflections on my/his behaviour - 7My use of these behaviours with my partner/ex-partner (and children if relevant):His use of:Physical violence/abuseNotRelevant(neverhappened)Noticeablechangefor theworseSmallchangefor theworseNochangeat allSmallchangefor thebetterNoticeableChangefor thebetter√ √Verbal and emotional abuse√ √Controlling behaviour√ √Threatening or intimidating behaviour√√Economic violence/abuse√√Sexual violence/abuse√√Speaking respectfully√ √Listening respectfully√ √Compromising and negotiating fairly with my partnerCompromising and negotiating fairly with me regarding arrangements for the children √ √Taking responsibility for my behaviourTaking responsibility for his behaviour √ √Trying a solution to a disagreement suggested by my partner/ex-partnerTrying a solution to a disagreement suggested by myself √ √Acknowledging and validating my partner’s/ex-partner’s concerns, feelings and point of viewAcknowledging and validating my concerns, feelings and point of view √ √Respecting my partner’s/ex-partner’s need for personal space and privacyRespecting my need for personal space and privacy√ √22

√ Week 1 (male client)√ Week 15 (male client)√ Before Week 1 (female partner)Reflections on my/his behaviour - 8My use of these behaviours with my partner/ex-partner (and children if relevant):His use of:Physical violence/abuseNotRelevant(neverhappened)Noticeablechangefor theworseSmallchangefor theworseNochangeat allSmallchangefor thebetterNoticeableChangefor thebetter√ √ √Verbal and emotional abuse√ √ √Controlling behaviour√ √ √Threatening or intimidating behaviour√ √√Economic violence/abuse√ √ √Sexual violence/abuse√ √ √Speaking respectfully√ √ √Listening respectfully√ √ √Compromising and negotiating fairly with my partnerCompromising and negotiating fairly with me regarding arrangements for the children √ √Taking responsibility for my behaviourTaking responsibility for his behaviour √ √ √Trying a solution to a disagreement suggested by my partner/ex-partnerTrying a solution to a disagreement suggested by myself √ √ √Acknowledging and validating my partner’s/ex-partner’s concerns, feelings and point of viewAcknowledging and validating my concerns, feelings and point of view √ √ √Respecting my partner’s/ex-partner’s need for personal space and privacyRespecting my need for personal space and privacy√ √ √23

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