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40communion, and believed that anything not forbidden in scripture could be used inworship.According to Ulrich Leupold, Martin Luther's liturgical reforms "show such afinn grasp ofthe essentials and such a bold and sure expression ofthem that his reformsbecame a pattem for centuries to come and set forth principles that are as valid today asthey were in Luther's time.,,115 Although conservative in nature, Luther "had a pastor'sconcem for the faith and piety ofthe common people" which lead him to reorganizecorporate worship.l" Gordon Lathrop notes that Luther "believed that liturgical changedepended upon actual pastoral circumstances and that it always had to be preceded byeducation and accompanied by love."! 17 In his German Mass, he "warned against thoseliturgical renewalists who felt obligated to produce a new order ofworship just when thepeople had gotten used to the old one. He felt that true worship and meaningfulinstruction were impossible ifthere were not established forms in which these thingscould be done."] 18One area ofthe mass that caused Luther much distress was the lack ofparticipation by the congregation, particularly in the area ofmusic. An excellentmusician himself, Luther desired that this gift ofGod be available for the benefit of allbelievers. Stephen Nichols depicts Luther's view ofcongregational singing as "a retum to115 Ulrich S. Leupold, ed. Luther's Works, Volume 53, Liturgy and Hymns, by Martin Luther(Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1965), xiv.116 Ibid.117 Gordon Lathrop, "Luther: Formula Missae: Order of Mass and Communion for the Church atWittenberg" in The Complete Library a/Christian Worship, Volume II, ed. Robert E. Webber (Nashville:Star Song Publishing, 1994), 188.16.118 Frank C. Senn, Christian Worship and Its Cultural Setting (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983),