AP1-4 - Society of Wood Science and Technology

Proceedings of the 55th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and TechnologyAugust 27-31, 2012 - Beijing, CHINAThen, analysis on the sample, elution the DNPH sampling tube with acetonitrile, thevolume of acetonitrile was 5ml, sample was detected and analyzed by HPLC. UsingTenax tube collected VOC, and using thermal desorption did the high temperaturethermal desorption ten minutes at 250℃, then detection by GC/M S.According to the peak retention time of three kinds of particleboard on the GC/MS andHPLC, comparing with the standard sample map, identified VOC components andcalculated concentration of each component.Some standards about using chamber test VOC regulated that the backgroundconcentration of individual target VOC and TVOC should not exceed 2μg/m 3 and20μg/m 3 respectively [4-6] . Before the test, washing the internal chamber with deionizedwater and bilwing dry with fan. We could start test when each parameter of chamber wasstable. During the sampling period, the gas orderly through activated carbon device,distill water, to remove the volatile compounds. The effect of background concentrationhad been removed in this experiment.Result and discussionAccordingly to JIS A 1901:2009 [6] , the range ofTVOC is between n-hexane and n-hexadecane with gas chromatography, including thetwo chemical substances. The calculated TVOC is converted to the sum of peak areasusing the toluene response factor, the concentration of TVOC was the sum of identifiedtarget VOC and unidentified VOC.Table 6 the result of VOC emission from wood-based panelsspecimen formaldehydeμg/m 3aldehydes and ketones(except formaldehyde) μg/m 3TVOCμg/m 3Time (day) 1 28 1 28 1 28Particleboard 140.8 98.3 111.1 22.4 100.8 20.8Plywood 311 117.5 58.6 30.7 19.8 11.8HDF 1541.3 1099.0 73.7 49.5 351.7 65.1Blockboard 41.83 20.33 5.45 2.55 2.69 1.54Table6 was the result of VOC emission from wood-based panels. From table2 we couldsee that the initial and steady-state concentration of all substance that emission from HDFwhich made of various kinds mixed polished wood fiber and urea-formaldehyde wereboth the highest in the four test boards, except the aldehydes and ketones initialconcentration. The TVOC release amount was 351.7μg/m 3 1 day later and that equaled to3.5 times of particleboard at the same time. One month later, the TVOC concentrationwas 65.1μg/m 3 , and the formaldehyde concentration decreased to 1099μg/m 3 from1541.3μg/m 3 (0.89ppm).In the other three kinds of boards, the initial and steady-state concentration of TVOC thatemission from particleboard production of softwood chips and urea-formaldehyde weremuch higher, correspondingly the formaldehyde concentration emission from plywoodPaper AP1-4 5 of 8

Proceedings of the 55th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and TechnologyAugust 27-31, 2012 - Beijing, CHINAproduction of birch veneer and phenolic aldehyde was higher than the others. The initialaldehydes and ketones compounds (except formaldehyde) concentration emission fromparticleboard was much higher, but the equilibrium concentration of plywood was higherone month later. What caused the phenomenon was that hexanal and butyraldehydecompletely released in aldehydes and ketones compounds emission from particleboard,and that the two substances were both with high initial concentration and very lowequilibrium concentration (closed to zero). The aldehyde and ketones compoundsemission from plywood were acetone and benzaldehyde, with the time prolong, acetonereleased completely, we could not detect it on the 7 th day, but benzaldehyde was with alow release rate, from the beginning to ending, the concentration total decreased 35.9%.All kinds of substances emission from blockboard production of poplar substrate, peachblossom core surface layer and urea-formaldehyde were very low, TVOC equilibriumconcentration was 1.54μg/m 3 one month later, at the moment the formaldehydeconcentration was 20.33μg/m 3 (0.016ppm).100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%particleboard plywood HDF blockboardaldehydes and ketonesalkanesbenzenesunknownFigure 2 the percentage of individual VOCFigure2 was the percentage content graph of individual VOC emission from wood-basedpanels, from figure2, we could see that VOC emission from wood-based panels weremain aldehydes and ketones compounds, alkanes, benzenes and some unknownsubstances, where aldehydes and ketones compounds and unknown substances accountedfor a large proportion.The main component of aldehydes and ketones were carcinogenicacetaldehyde and acetone, and aldehydes and ketones might produce in oxidativedecomposition of unsaturated fatty acid when wood chipped and dried. Some researchshowed [7] that the drying temperature and humidity seriously influent the form ofaldehydes and ketones, therefore, controlling the release level of aldehydes and ketonescompounds based on production origin, reducing the release concentration basically.Beside aldehydes and ketones compounds and unknown substances, there were alkanes(n-undecane) and benzenes emission from particleboard, and only small amount benzenesin HDF. The detected benzenes were main toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene, ofwhich the xylene release amount was the biggest. Some researches proved [8] that ifpeople inhaled higher toluene and xylene in short time, it might make central nervoussystem paralysis, and severe patients might be coma, failure in respiratory cycle anddeath. Long-term exposure in higher concentration of toluene and xylene would causechronic benzene poisoning, resulting in obstacle anaemia, fetal congenital defect,therefore, people should pay enough attention to benzenes emission from wood-basedpanels.Paper AP1-4 6 of 8

Proceedings of the 55th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and TechnologyAugust 27-31, 2012 - Beijing, CHINAConclusionUsing 1m 3 small-scale environmental chamber measures formaldehyde and VOCemission from wood-based panels with higher utilization rate, formaldehyde wascollected by distill water and quantitative by acetylacetone spectrophotometry; then usingTenax tube, gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and high performanceliquid chromatography (HLPC) adsorbs the gas and quantity VOC and aldehydes andketones compounds except formaldehyde, to understand the release level VOC emissionfrom wood-based panels sold in markets.The formaldehyde concentration was relatively high, especially HDF, the formaldehyderelease amount of the other three boards from high to low was plywood, particleboardand blockboard, orderly. Comparing with formaldehyde, the equilibrium concentration ofTVOC was very low, and the equilibrium concentration of particleboard was higher thanplywood.Formaldehyde and TVOC emission from blockboard were both lower than the other threeboards, acetaldehyde and acetone were the main aldehydes and ketones emission fromboards, there were alkanes (n-undecane) and benzenes emission from particleboard, andonly small amount benzenes in HDF, we detected no individual VOC in plywood andblockboard.References[1] Long Ling, Lu Xixian. VOC Emission from Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)Drying[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008,44(1):107-116.[2] Maria Risholm-sundman. VOC Emission from Wood-based panels[J]. China WoodbasedPanels,2003,6(15-18).[3] HJ 571-2010, Technical requirement for environmental labeling products—Woodbased panels and finishing products[S].[4] BIFMA M 7.1:2007, Standard test method for determining VOC emissions fromoffice furniture systems, components and seating[S].[5] ISO 16000-9(2006). Indoor air – Part 6: Determination of the emission of volatileorganic compounds from building products and furnishing – Emission test chambermethod.[6] JIS A 1901:2009, Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds andaldehydes for building products – Small chamber method[S].[7] M.Z.M. Salem, M. Böhm, J. Beránková, J. Srba, Effect of some manufacturingvariables on formaldehyde release from particleboard: Relationship between differenttest methods, Build. Environ. 46 (2011) 1946-1953.[8] M.Z.M. Salem, M. Böhm, J. Srba, J. Beránková, Evaluation of formaldehydeemission from different types of wood-based panels and flooring materials usingdifferent standard test methods, Build. Environ. 49 (2012) 86-96.Paper AP1-4 7 of 8

Proceedings of the 55th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and TechnologyAugust 27-31, 2012 - Beijing, CHINAAcknowledgeThis research is supported by National Nature Research Fund Project (31070488), andSpecial Research Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Talent FromHarbin Technology Division (2010RFXXS023).Paper AP1-4 8 of 8