Evidence-based Sports Medicine

Indexsubmission of papers 36see also literature (sports medicine)kidney, solitary 117–31advice/recommendations 126–7, 130benefits of sport with 124–5case studies 128congenital 119ethics of sport with 124implications for sport 121position 119support for participation in sport 127see also renal trauma“kinetic chain” concept 224kneeabnormal motion (subluxation) 375constitutional laxity (OAK criteria)375, 385jumper’s 424“locked” 409osteoarthritis see osteoarthritis, of kneepainanterior 377meniscal lesions 379patellar tendinopathy 424, 425, 426–7sprains 462knee injury diagnosis 371–88ACL injury 382–3, 405, 408see also anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)injuriesarthroscopy v MRI, cost-benefitanalysis 380lateral collateral ligament injuries 383–4ligament and capsule assessmentmethod 380–1literature searches 371–2medial capsule injury 381–2medial collateral ligament injury 381–2meniscal lesions 378–80patellofemoral disorders 377–8physical examination 372–6case studies 385–6ligaments 375–6, 385meniscus 374, 385MRI comparison 378, 379–80patellofemoral joint 373–4, 385reliability of diagnosis 384–5stress tests 375–6validation 377–84posterolateral capsule injury 383–4knee ligaments 380, 381cutting studies 381, 385examination 375–6, 380–1, 385function studies 381, 385see also individual ligamentsLachman test 375, 382, 383laser therapylateral epicondylosis 358stress fracture 494lateral collateral ligament, injuries 383–4lateral epicondylosis (tennis elbow)anatomy, 352–354, 353histopathology 354–6Nirschl’s classification 355pathogenesis 354–6presenting symptoms 362treatment 351–67case study 364evidence-based protocol 362–3laser therapy 358literature/textbook searches 351–2modalities 356–62muscle exercises 362–3oral anti-inflammatory drugs358–9, 362physical therapy 357–8steroid injections 359, 362surgery 359–62, 363ultrasound 358lateral extensor release technique 360lateral retinaculum, examination373–4, 378leg braces, pneumatic 504leg length differences 230stress fracture risk 501, 502lifestyle physical activityabdominal adiposity reduction 204,204–5assessment and types 203–4blood glucose reduction 203–4, 204, 206cardiometabolic benefits 203, 204, 204–5long-term 207, 207, 208case studies 211–12chronic low back pain management 230definition 200, 210evidence supporting benefits 209–10lipid-lipoprotein changes 205–6, 206long-term benefits 207, 207–8, 208in obesity 199–201, 203as public health strategy 206–7recommendations 205ligaments 110see also ankle ligaments; knee ligamentsL’Insalata Shoulder Evaluation 333,335, 341lipid profiles, exercise effect 202,205–6, 206lipoproteins, effect of lifestyle physicalactivity 205–6, 206literature (sports medicine)copies of scientific papers 35critical appraisal method 3–11databases, searches for scientific papers33–5format for research papers 6–9initial appraisal method 4–5interpretation 13–14quality 3see also journals, sports medicine570