Explanation for UPOV TG of Sweet potato

Explanation for UPOV TG of Sweet potatoKeun Jin ChoiRepublic of Korea

History of Development of TG Sweet potatoDraft : 6 th Asian Regional Technical Meeting (6 th ARTM),in Singapore, 20051 st Proj. : 35 th TWA, in Beijing China, 20062 nd Proj. : 36 th TWA, in Budapest, Hungary, 20073 rd Proj. : 41 st TWO in Wageningen, Netherlands, 2008-42 nd TWV in Cracow, Poland, 2008-37 th TWA in Nelspruit, South Africa, 20084 th Proj. : 43 rd TWV in Beijing, China, 2009-38 th TWA in Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2009Adoption : Technical Committee at its forty-sixth session,in Geneva from March 22 to 24, 2010

Cultivation of SWEETPOTATO• Sprouting and production of Seedling- Optimum temp. for sprouting is 30-33’C- Optimum temp. for growing is 23-25’C- production of seedling 30~40cm after30~40 days growing• Transplanting and growing-cutting

Development of Roots40 days after planting 70 days after planting 90 days after plantingHarvesting is from 120 days after planting

Development of New Varieties• Crossing between lines which has flower• Induce flowering- Morning glory can be used as a rootstock-Inducing artificially : treatment short day length, crafting etc.• Selection of good quality line• Propagation by vegetative way

SWEET POTATOUPOV Code: IPOMO_BATIpomoea batatas (L.) Lam.*GUIDELINESFOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FORDISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY ANDSTABILITY(DUS)The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate theprinciples contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3),and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidancefor the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability(DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for theexamination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions.

TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES2. MATERIAL REQUIRED3. METHOD OF EXAMINATION4. ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY5. GROUPING OF VARIETIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GROWINGTRIAL6. INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS7. TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS8. EXPLANATIONS ON THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS9. LITERATURE10. TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Subject of these Test GuidelinesThese Test Guidelines apply to all varieties of Ipomoeabatatas (L.) Lam.. However, additional characteristicsmay be needed in order to examine ornamental varieties.

2. Material Required1. The material is to be supplied in the form ofmedium size storage roots, or in the form of cuttings.2. The minimum quantity of plant material, to besupplied by the applicant, should be: 50 storage rootsor 150 cuttings.3.The plant material supplied should be visibly healthy,not lacking in vigor, nor affected by any importantpest or disease.

3. Method of Examination1. Number of Growing CyclesThe minimum duration of tests should normally be a single growing cycle.2. Testing PlaceTests are normally conducted at one place. In the case of tests conducted atmore than one place, guidance is provided in TGP/9 “ExaminingDistinctness.”3. Type of observationThe recommended method of observing the characteristic is indicated by thefollowing key in the second column of the Table of Characteristics:MG: single measurement of a group of plants or parts of plantsMS: measurement of a number of individual plants or parts of plantsVG: visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or partsof plantsVS: visual assessment by observation of individual plants or parts of plants

3.4 Test Design1. Each test should be designed to result in a total of at least 50plants, which should be divided between at least two replicates.2. Number of Plants / Parts of Plants to be ExaminedUnless otherwise indicated, all observations on single plantsshould be made on 30 plants or parts taken from each of 30 plantsand any other observations made on all plants in the test.3. Additional TestsAdditional tests, for examining relevant characteristics, may beestablished.

4. Assessment of Distinctness, Uniformity and StabilityDistinctness1. Consistent DifferencesThe differences observed between varieties may be so clear that more than onegrowing cycle is not necessary. In addition, in some circumstances, theinfluence of the environment is not such that more than a single growing cycleis required to provide assurance that the differences observed between varietiesare sufficiently consistent. One means of ensuring that a difference in acharacteristic, observed in a growing trial, is sufficiently consistent is toexamine the characteristic in at least two independent growing cycles.2. Clear DifferencesDetermining whether a difference between two varieties is clear depends onmany factors, and should consider, in particular, the type of expression of thecharacteristic being examined, i.e. whether it is expressed in a qualitative,quantitative, or pseudo-qualitative manner. Therefore, it is important thatusers of these Test Guidelines are familiar with the recommendationscontained in the General Introduction prior to making decisions regardingdistinctness.

4. Assessment of Distinctness, Uniformity and StabilityUniformityFor the assessment of uniformity, a population standard of1% and an acceptance probability of at least 95% should beapplied. In the case of a sample size of 50 plants, 2 off-types areallowed.

4. Assessment of Distinctness, Uniformity and StabilityStability1. In practice, it is not usual to perform tests of stability thatproduce results as certain as those of the testing of distinctnessand uniformity. However, experience has demonstrated that, formany types of variety, when a variety has been shown to beuniform, it can also be considered to be stable.2. Where appropriate, or in cases of doubt, stability may be tested,either by growing a further generation, or by testing a new plantstock to ensure that it exhibits the same characteristics as thoseshown by the previous material supplied.

5. Grouping of Varieties and Organization of the Growing TriaGrouping characteristics:(a) Plant: growth habit (characteristic 1)(b) Stem: anthocyanin coloration of tip (characteristic 6)(c) Leaf blade: lobes (characteristic 9)(d) Storage root: shape (characteristic 19)(e) Storage root: main color of skin (characteristic 22)(f) Storage root: main color of flesh (characteristic 24)

6. Introduction to the Table of Characteristics1.Standard Test Guidelines CharacteristicsStandard Test Guidelines characteristics are those which are approved by UPOVfor examination of DUS and from which members of the Union can select thosesuitable for their particular circumstances.2. Asterisked CharacteristicsAsterisked characteristics (denoted by *) are those included in the TestGuidelines which are important for the international harmonization of varietydescriptions and should always be examined for DUS and included in the varietydescription by all members of the Union, except when the state of expression of apreceding characteristic or regional environmental conditions render thisinappropriate.3. States of Expression and Corresponding NotesStates of expression are given for each characteristic to define the characteristicand to harmonize descriptions. Each state of expression is allocated acorresponding numerical note for ease of recording of data and for theproduction and exchange of the description.

6. Introduction to the Table of Characteristics4. Types of ExpressionAn explanation of the types of expression of characteristics (qualitative,quantitative and pseudo-qualitative) is provided in the General Introduction.5. Example VarietiesWhere appropriate, example varieties are provided to clarify the states ofexpression of each characteristic.6. Legend(*) : Asterisked characteristic – see Chapter 6.1.2QL: Qualitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3QN: Quantitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3PQ: Pseudo-qualitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3MG, MS, VG, VS: See Chapter 3.3.2(a)-(e) See Explanations on the Table of Characteristics in Chapter 8.1(+)See Explanations on the Table of Characteristics in Chapter 8.2

6. Introduction to the Table of Characteristics1(*)VGPlant:GrowthhabitNoteQN (a) upright Sinchunmi 1SemiuprightYounmi 3Spreading Yulmi 5

8. Explanations on the Table of Characteristics1. Explanations covering several characteristicsCharacteristics containing the following key in the second column of theTable of Characteristics should be examined as indicated below:(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(b) To be observed on the main stem(c) Stem internodes and length and diameter of internode should be observedon an internode located in the middle third of the main stem.(d) Observations to be made on fully developed leaves at the middle part ofthe main stem.(e) Characteristics should be observed after harvest.

6. Introduction to the Table of CharacteristicsQL/PQ/QNObservation methodQL PQ QN MG MS MS/VG VG VS(*)1 8 18 - 1 5 21 - 927 27

7. Table of Characteristics1(*)VGPlant:GrowthhabitNoteQN (a) upright Sinchunmi 1uprightSemiuprightYounmi 3Semi-uprightSpreading Yulmi 5(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.Spreading

7. Table of Characteristics2.MS/VGStem: length ofprimary shootsNoteQN (a) short Sinchunmi 3short(b)mediumKoganesengan,Younmi5long Zami 7(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(b) To be observed on the main stemlong

7. Table of Characteristics3.MS/VGStem:length ofinternodeQN (a) short Younmi 3(c)mediumKoganesengan,Yulmi5long Shinhwangmi 7(a)Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(c) Stem internodes and length and diameter of internode should be observed on aninternode located in the middle third of the main stem.

7. Table of Characteristics4.QNMS/VGStem:diameter ofinternode(a) very small Zami 1(c) small Sinchunmi 3mediumKoganesengan,Yulmilarge Shinyulmi 7very large Chinmi 95(a)Observations should be madeafter 90 days from planting.(c) Stem internodes and lengthand diameter of internodeshould be observed on aninternode located in themiddle third of the main stem.

7. Table of Characteristics5.VGStem:anthocyanincoloration ofinternodeQN absent or weak Yulmi 1(c) medium Singeonmi 2strong Hayanmi 3(c) Stem internodes and length and diameter of internode shouldbe observed on an internode located in the middle third of themain stem.

7. Table of Characteristics6.(*)(+)VGStem:anthocyanincoloration oftipQN (a) absent or weak Yulmi 1(b) medium Sinjami 2strong Hayanmi 3(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(b) To be observed on the main stem

7. Table of Characteristics7.VGStem:anthocyanincoloration ofnodeQN (a) absent or weak Yulmi 1(b) medium Norin 2 2strongHayanmi,Koganesengan3(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(b) To be observed on the main stem

7. Table of Characteristics8.(*)VGStem:pubescenceof tipQN (a) absent or sparse Yulmi 1(b) medium Koganesengan 2dense Zami 3(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(b) To be observed on the main stem

7. Table of Characteristics9.(*)(+)VGLeaf blade:lobesQL (a) absent Gokokuimo 1three lobes Benisengan 2five lobesKoganesengan,Sinchunmi3seven lobes Benihayato 4(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.

7. Table of Characteristics10.(*)(+)VGPQ (a) cordateOnly varietieswith leaf blade:lobes: absent:Leaf blade:shapeGokokuimo, Yulmi(d) triangular Beniotome 2reniform Kohkei 14 3circular 4(a) Observations should be made after 90 daysfrom planting.(d) Observations to be made on fully developedleaves at the middle part of the main stem.1

7. Table of Characteristics11.(+)VGOnly varieties withleaf lobes: present:Leaf blade: depth oflobbingQN (a) very shallow 1(d)shallowBenihayato,Sinchunmi3moderate Koganesengan 5deep Tsukumoaka 7very deep 9(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(d) Observations to be made on fully developed leaves at the middle part of the main stem.

7. Table of Characteristics12.VGLeaf blade: color(excludinganthocyanincoloration)PQ (a) yellow green Serolane, Suio 1(d) green Yulmi 2grey green Hayanmi 3(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(d) Observations to be made on fully developed leaves at the middle part of the main stem.

7. Table of Characteristics13.VGLeaf blade:anthocyanincoloration of uppersideQN (a) absent or weak Yulmi 1(d) medium Hayanmi 2strong 3(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(d) Observations to be made on fully developed leaves at themiddle part of the main stem.

7. Table of Characteristics14.(+)QNVG(a)Leaf blade:extent ofanthocyanincolorationon abaxialveinsabsent or verysmall(d) small Koukei 14, Yulmi 3medium Beniaka, Norin 45 5large Hayanmi, Naeshirazu 7very large Koganesengan 9(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(d) Observations to be made on fully developed leaves at themiddle part of the main stem.1

7. Table of Characteristics15.VGLeaf blade:intensity ofanthocyanincoloration onabaxial veinsQN (a) very weak 1(d) weak Norin 45 3medium Koganesengan 53strong 75very strong 9

7. Table of Characteristics16. VGYoung leafblade: maincolor on uppersidePQ yellow green Beniwase 1light green Koganesengan 2medium green Norin 2 3dark green 4light purple Kyushu 14 5medium purple 6purplish brown Minamiyutaka 7light brown 8dark brown 91 Beniwase2 Koganesengan3 Norin 25 6 7

7. Table of Characteristics17.(*)VGPetiole:anthocyanincolorationQN (a) absent or very weak Yulmi 1(d) weak Norin 45 3mediumHayanmi,Koganesengan5strong 7(a) Observations should be made after 90 days from planting.(d) Observations to be made on fully developed leaves at the middle part of the main stem.

7. Table of Characteristics18.(+)VG/MSPetiole:lengthQN (a) very short Sinchunmi 1(d) short 3mediumKoganesengan,Yulmi5long 7very long Shinmi 9

7. Table of Characteristics19.(*)(+)VGStorageroot:shapePQ (e) ovate 1See next slideelliptic 2obovate Geonmi 3oblong Serolane 4irregular Shinyulmi 5

7. Table of Characteristics

7. Table of Characteristics20.MSStorage root:ratiolength/widthQN (e) moderatelycompressedNorin 2 3mediummedium Geonmi 5moderatelyelongatedYulmi 7moderately elongated(e) Characteristics should be observed after harvest.

7. Table of Characteristics21.(+)MS/VGStorage root:thickness ofcortex relativeto overalldiameterQN(e) thin Yulmi 3medium 5thick Shingeonmi 7

Storage root : cortexthickness

7. Table of Characteristics22.(*)(+)VGStorage root:main color ofskinPQ (e) white Joy White 1light beigeChinmi,Koganesenganyellow Impilo 3orangeBenihayato,Serolanebrownish orange Khano 5pink Yulmi 6redKoukei 14,Shinhwangmipurple red Beniazuma, Phala 8light purple 9medium purple Ayamurasaki, Zami 10brown Happymi 11247Ad. 22: Storage root: maincolor of skinThe main color is the colorwhich covers the largest areaof skin.1 Joy white 2 Koganesengan 4 Benihayato 7 Koukei 8 Beniazuma14

Storage root

23.(+)7. Table of CharacteristicsVGStorageroot:secondarycolor ofskinPQ (e) absent Koganesengan 1white Tamayutaka 2yellow 3orange 4pink Koukei 14 5red Nakamurasaki 6purple Benikomachi 7brown Koganesengan 8Ad. 23: Storage root: secondary color of skinThe secondary color is the color with thesecond largest surface area of skin.5 7

7. Table of Characteristics24.(*)(+)VGStorageroot:maincolor offleshPQ (e) whitebeigeyelloworangepurpleHayanmi,ShirosenganNakamurasaki,Koukei 14Benikomachi,YulmiBenihayato,Hayatoimo,JuhwangmiAyamurasaki,Borami12345Ad. 24: Storage root: maincolor of fleshThe main color is the colorwith the largest surface area ofstorage root in cross section2 Koganesengan2 Koukei 144 Benihayato 5 Ayamurasaki

Flesh color

7. Table of Characteristics25.VGQN (e) lightStorageroot:intensityof maincolor offleshmediumdarkBorami,Hayatoimo,YulmiJinhongmi,Shinwangmi,ZamiJuhwangmi,Shinyulmi,Sinjami123

7. Table of Characteristics26.(+)VGStorageroot:secondarycolor offleshPQ (e) white 1light beige 2Ad. 26: Storage root: secondarycolor of fleshThe secondary color is the colorwith the second largest surfacearea of storage root in crosssection.yellow Hayatoimo 3orangeToka TokaGold4pink 5red 6red-purpleNakamurasaki, OwairakaRedpurple 8757

7. Table of Characteristics27. VGStorageroot: depthof eyesQN(e) shallow Beniaka 1medium Koukei 14 2deep Kantou 80 3

Thank you for yourattention!Keun Jin, ChoiDirector/KSVSRepublic of Koreakjchoi@seed.go.kr