Grammar of Shina Language And Vocabulary

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44Grammar of Shina Language and Vocabulary[ela:ʧí:] `Cardamom’[ʃɪɳʈí:li] `Mushroom’[ʧĩ] `Bird’[ela:ʧ y é] `Cardamoms’[ʃɪɳʈi:l y é] `Mushrooms’[ʧẽyé] `Birds’5.2. Pronouns:There are 7 personal pronouns in Shina:Singular Plural1st pereson: mo Ì’ be `we’(excl); bẽĩ `we’(incl.2nd person: tu `thou’ ʦ h o `you’3rd person: a:v `he’ a: `they’ (masc.)(ʐo `proximate’)(pʌra:v `remote’)a:v `she’ a: `they’ (fem.)(ʐe `proximate’)ʌnu ìt’ a: `they’ (neut.)In the third person, the following pronouns are also usedto indicate the proximate and remote persons and objects.3rd person singular 3rd person pluralHe a:v, ʐo,(proximate) They (m) a:, ʐe, (proximate)She a:, ʐe, (proximate) They(f) əya:, ʐɛ,(proximate)It ani, anu, (proximate) They(n) a:, ʐe, (proximate)pʌra: (remote)There are a number of pronouns listed in section 25 ofthe Vocabulary. Some of the pronouns which are arefrequently used, are illustrated here.[buʧ h e ~ buʧʧ h e] `Many’[buʧʧ h e ba:l] or [ba:l buʧʧ h e] `Many boys’[buɽe] Àll’[ba:l buɽe] ~ [buɽe ba:l] Àll boys[ʈʂé:k] `Few’ (countable)[púʂi ʈʂé:k] `Few or some flowers’[zá:sek] `Few, little’ (uncountable)] `Little rice’
Grammar of Shina Language and Vocabulary 45[p h ere] ~[p h ɛrɛ] Ànother’[p h ere mulɛ:k] Ànother one boy’[miʒúko] `First’[miʒúko ba:l] `First boy’[dumó:gi] `Second’[dumó:gi muli] `Second girl’5.3. Gender:Gender in Shina grammar is like in Hindi. Some wordsare feminine by morphological function. That is, they takefeminine verb suffixes. Such nouns are for example,[kúi] Èarth’[mya:l] Èarthquake’[gi] `Flame’[p h í:ɳ] `Foam’[mu:s] `Flood’ [buχá:r] `Fever’[ʈóri] Ìsthmus’ [bír ] `Lake’Gender, in some words is natural and on some words thegender marker is suffixed. Examples for natural gender:Masculine nouns Feminine nouns[bábo] `Father’ [á:ʒe] `Mother’[dá:do] `Drand father’ [dʌdí:] `Drand mother’[ʐa:] `Brother’ [sʌs] `Sister’[káko] `Brother’ [káki] `Sister’[bá:l] `Son, young one’ [muli] `Daughter’[bʌréʋ] `Husband’ [ʧĩ] `Wife’[iʂ] `Bear’[kʂ] `Female bear’Gender marker -i is suffixed. Examples,[ʃúŋ] Dog[ʃúŋi] `Bitch’[k h á:r] `Partiality’ [k h á:ri] `Partialities’When the gender marker -i is suffixed, the final voweland sometimes the penultimate vowel are replaced.[dá:do] `Drand father’ [dʌdí:] `Drand mother’[mʌyáro] Àntelope’ [mʌyári] `Female antelope’
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Grammar of Shina Language And Vocabulary

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