Workshop Proceedings - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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LICENSING POLICIES ON THE STATE LEVEL STATE APPROACHES TOWARD THE REGULATION OF OLDER DRIVER LICENSE RENEWALS States have different approaches toward the regulation of older driver license renewals in the U.S. Some states have one or more license renewal policy specific to older drivers. Renewal policies are classified as accelerated license renewals (16 states), mandatory vision screening (10 states), in-person renewal (5 states) and mandatory road tests (2 states). Other practices include accepting third party referrals regarding concerns about drivers of any age (50 states); relying on a medical advisory board to make recommendations for those with medical or other limitations that may impair their driving (35 states and the District of Columbia); and states requiring physicians to report conditions that may impair driving (9 states). Although it is beyond the scope of this paper to discuss every state’s licensing policy, we are providing a summary in Table 2-4 to list older driver licensing requirements in effect in certain states as it pertains to vision, accelerated and in-person renewal. Table 2: States with Vision Testing Requirements for Older Drivers State Vision test and age requirement Additional requirements Arizona 65 and over None District of 70 and over At age 70, or nearest renewal date thereafter, a vision test is required and a Columbia reaction test may be required. Applicant must provide a statement from a practicing physician certifying the applicant to be physically and mentally competent to drive. At 75 years, or nearest renewal date thereafter, and on each subsequent renewal date, the applicant may be required to also complete the written and road tests. Florida 80 and over Renewal applicants 80 and older must pass a vision test administered at any driver’s license office or if applying for an extension by mail must pass a vision test administered by a licensed physician or optometrist. Georgia 64 and over None Maine 40 and over Vision test required at first renewal after driver reaches age 40 and at every second renewal until age 62; thereafter, at every renewal. Maryland 40 and over Vision test required at every renewal from age 40. Oregon 50 and over None South Carolina 65 and over None Utah 65 and over None Virginia 80 and over None Source: GAO (2007). Table 3: States with Accelerated Renewal Cycles for Older Drivers State Standard renewal cycle Accelerated renewal for older drivers with relevant ages Arizona Expires at age 65 5 years (65 and over) Colorado 10 years 5 years (61 and over) Georgia 5 or 10 years (driver option) 5 years (60 and over) Hawaii 6 years 2 years (72 and over) Idaho 4 years or 8 years (age 21-62) 4 years (63 and over) License Policies Workshop Proceedings-- 144
Illinois 4 years 2 years (81 to 86); 1 year (87 and over) Indiana 4 years 3 years (75 and older) Iowa 5 years 2 years (70 and older) Kansas 6 years 4 years (65 and older) Maine 6 years 4 years (65 and older) Missouri 6 years 3 years (70 and older) Montana 8 years 4 years (75 and older) New Mexico 4 years or 8 years (driver option) 4 years (for drivers who would turn 75 in last half of an 8-year cycle) North Carolina 8 years 5 years (54 and older) Rhode Island 5 years 2 years (70 and older) South Carolina 10 years 5 years (65 and older) Source: GAO (2007). Table 4: States Requiring In-Person Renewals State Age for in-person renewals Additional requirements Alaska 69 and over Mail renewal not available to people 69 and older and to people whose prior renewal was by mail. Arizona 70 and over It cannot be renewed by mail. California 70 and over At age 70, mail renewal is prohibited. No more than two sequential mail renewals are permitted, regardless of age. Colorado 61 and over Mail or electronic renewal not available to people 61 and older and to people whose prior renewal was electronic or by mail. Louisiana 70 and over Mail renewal not available to people 70 and older and to people whose prior renewal was by mail. Source: GAO (2007). RESEARCH ON STATE LICENSING POLICIES TO REDUCE INJURIES AND FATALITIES AMONG OLDER DRIVERS Only a few studies have measured the association between older driver license renewal laws and decreases in injury and fatalities. Although prior studies showed a positive relationship between license renewal policies and prevention of injuries and fatalities (Levy, 1995; Levy, Vernick, & Howard, 1995), Grabrowski and researchers used a more rigorous approach in that they controlled for a variety of potential confounders in their analyses, including state laws (e.g., primary and secondary seatbelt laws), speed limits, illegal alcohol use (0.08 BAC), state employment rates, personal income per capita, and administrative license suspension rates (Grabowski, Campbell, & Morrisey, 2004; Grabowski & Morrisey, 2001). Thus, in two follow-up studies, using the 1985-2000 and the 1990-2000 database from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), they quantified state motor vehicle laws affecting the injuries and fatalities of older driver groups (65-74, 75-84, and 85+).They found, in both studies, that only in-person renewal policies were significantly associated with a decrease (16.3 percent in the 2004 study) in fatalities for drivers 85 years and older. To interpret the meaning of this finding, we License Policies Workshop Proceedings-- 145
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Seniors face serious driving safety
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD (J. Pete
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To ensure that seniors can remain m
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The third event was a workshop that
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ecommendations, when appropriate, t
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something to strive for in conducti
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� Along with focusing on whether
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to surrender his or her license on
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As initiatives are launched to impl
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NHTSA Older Driver Safety: Current
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Participants with restricted visual
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APPENDIX B AUTHOR BIOGRAPHICAL SKET
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2008), she had been researching the
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development program. He has an MS i
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Transportation and the Alzheimer’
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APPENDIX C WORKSHOP AGENDA License
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December 7, 2007 Time Description P
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RECOMMENDATIONS NOT CONSIDERED HIGH
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� Validate screening and assessme
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ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LICEN
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CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON MEDICAL FITNES
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The incidence and prevalence of chr
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documenting impaired static visual
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Risk factors for OAG are increased
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the American Stroke Association not
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co-morbidities. Pharmacokinetics, o
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have a reduction in their airflow o
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Older adults with physical disabili
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law that sharing a patient’s pers
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compensated for their time to revie
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REFERENCES Adams, H.P., Bendixen, B
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Physician, 67, 1937-44, 1950. Dobbs
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vehicle crashes. American Journal o
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Lococo, K. (2003). Summary of Medic
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issues, technology, and challenges.
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Szlyk, J.P., Taglia. D,P., Paliga,
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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND FITNESS T
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authorities both in terms of the de
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decline in critical driving skills,
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Pre-Ignition If they’ve had a lot
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the 64 are intentionally omitted he
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REFERENCES Adler, G., Rottunda, S.,
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Fox, G. K., Bowden, S. C., Bashford
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Wang, C. C., Kosinski, C. J., Schwa
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INTRODUCTION For individuals, perso
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person suffering from dementia. But
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institutions who devote considerabl
Page 95 and 96: impairment, not the medical diagnos
Page 97 and 98: While measures of visual function m
Page 99 and 100: measure helps gauge the driver’s
Page 101 and 102: vehicle, run-off-road). These conce
Page 103 and 104: any in-office screening tool will u
Page 105 and 106: Lococo, K. & Staplin, L. (2005). St
Page 107 and 108: LICENSE RENEWAL POLICY & REPORTING
Page 109 and 110: etc.) necessary for safe operation
Page 111 and 112: Our example state, Missouri, utiliz
Page 113 and 114: A preliminary analysis of qualitati
Page 115 and 116: Figure 4: Components in State Repor
Page 117 and 118: these “upstream” components. Un
Page 119 and 120: available evidence (“how much ris
Page 121 and 122: 3) In-person license renewal is a v
Page 123 and 124: Gallo, J. J., Rebok, G. W., & Lesik
Page 125 and 126: LICENSING AGENCY OPTIONS FOR INTERV
Page 127 and 128: An elderly lady was referred to the
Page 129 and 130: REMEDIATION FROM THE OCCUPATIONAL T
Page 131 and 132: grade difficulty of the tasks, and
Page 133 and 134: REMEDIATION FROM THE PHYSICAN’S P
Page 135 and 136: With this theoretical underpinning,
Page 137 and 138: the threshold of impairment for par
Page 139 and 140: • Encourage society-wide dialogue
Page 141 and 142: McKnight, J., Simone, G., & Weldman
Page 143 and 144: ABSTRACT This background paper was
Page 145: Table 1: Types of FHWA Safety Proje
Page 149 and 150: (2) Second tier: Non-driving assess
Page 151 and 152: educational information provided by
Page 153 and 154: Source: GA0 (2007). in implementing
Page 155 and 156: Transportation Research Board Commi
Page 157 and 158: 3) More states may want to consider
Page 159 and 160: REFERENCES CDC (2005). CDC's uninte
Page 161 and 162: McGwin, G., Sims, R., Pulley, L., &
Page 163 and 164: ‘LICENSING AUTHORITIES’ OPTIONS
Page 165 and 166: This brief report is restricted to
Page 167 and 168: OUTCOMES OF THE AAMVA/CCMTA FORUM--
Page 169 and 170: OUTCOMES OF THE CANADIAN DRIVING AN
Page 171 and 172: SENSORY (HEARING/VISUAL) Hearing an
Page 173: Office of the Superintendent of Mot
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Workshop Proceedings - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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