Refrigeration Manual - HVAC and Refrigeration Information Links

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Section 9. MOTORSMotor Temperature............................................ 9-1Open Type Motors and Belt Drives................... 9-1Hermetic Motors................................................ 9-2Nameplate Amperage....................................... 9-2Voltage and Frequency..................................... 9-3Three Phase Motors......................................... 9-3Single Phase Motors......................................... 9-3Split Phase Motors............................................ 9-3Capacitor Start-Induction Run Motors(CSIR)........................................................ 9-4Capacitor Start-Capacitor Run Motors(CSR)......................................................... 9-4Permanent Split Capacitor Motors (PSC)......... 9-5Dual Voltage Motors.......................................... 9-5Two Phase Motors............................................ 9-6Section 10. STARTING EQUIPMENT AND MOTORPROTECTORSContactors and Starters.................................... 10-1Capacitors......................................................... 10-1Start Capacitors................................................ 10-2Run Capacitors................................................. 10-2Reduced Voltage Starting................................. 10-3Motor Protection................................................ 10-8Internal Inherent Line Break Protector.............. 10-8External Inherent Protector............................... 10-9Internal Thermostats......................................... 10-9External Thermostats........................................ 10-9Current Sensitive Protectors............................. 10-9Thermotector..................................................... 10-9Solid State Protectors....................................... 10-9Fuses and Circuit Breakers............................... 10-9Effect of Unbalanced Voltage and Currenton Three Phase Motor Protection.............. 10-10Section 11. ACCESSORIESReceivers.......................................................... 11-1Heat Exchangers.............................................. 11-1Suction Accumulators....................................... 11-1Oil Separators................................................... 11-2Dehydrators...................................................... 11-2Suction Line Filters........................................... 11-2Vibration Eliminators......................................... 11-2Strainers............................................................ 11-3Sight Glass and Moisture Indicators................. 11-3Discharge Mufflers............................................ 11-3Crankcase Heaters........................................... 11-3Refrigeration Gauges........................................ 11-4© 1967 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc.All rights reserved.
Section 4COMPRESSORSThe compressor has two functions in the compressionrefrigeration cycle. First it removes the refrigerant vaporfrom the evaporator and reduces the pressure in theevaporator to a point where the desired evaporatingtemperature can be maintained. Second, the compressorraises the pressure of the refrigerant vapor to a levelhigh enough so that the saturation temperature is higherthan the temperature of the cooling medium availablefor condensing the refrigerant vapor.There are three basic types of compressors; reciprocating,rotary, and centrifugal. Centrifugal compressors arewidely used in large central air conditioning systems,and rotary compressors are used in the domesticrefrigerator field, but the overwhelming majority ofcompressors used in the smaller horsepower sizesfor commercial, domestic, and industrial applicationsare reciprocating, and this manual will cover onlyreciprocating compressors.RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORSThe design of the reciprocating compressor is somewhatsimilar to a modern automotive engine, with a pistondriven from a crankshaft making alternate suctionand compression strokes in a cylinder equipped withsuction and discharge valves. Since the reciprocatingcompressor is a positive displacement pump, it is suitablefor small displacement volumes, and is quite efficient athigh condensing pressures and high compression ratios.Other advantages are its adaptability to a number ofdifferent refrigerants, the fact that liquid refrigerant maybe easily run through connecting piping because of thehigh pressure created by the compressor, its durability,basic simplicity of design, and relatively low cost.An exploded view of a typical Copelametic® accessiblehermeticmotor-compressor is shown in Figure 10.4-1© 1967 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc.All rights reserved.
Page 3: Part IIREFRIGERATION SYSTEM COMPONE
Page 7 and 8: CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW OF COPELAMETIC
Page 9 and 10: When the piston starts down on the
Page 11 and 12: COMPRESSORS WITH UNLOADERSIn order
Page 13 and 14: flow by means of louvers is also an
Page 15 and 16: Figure No.20 shows parallel circuit
Page 17 and 18: and the total pressure existing in
Page 19 and 20: if the evaporator temperature is to
Page 21 and 22: In modern refrigeration practice, a
Page 23 and 24: CAPILLARY TUBE SELECTION R-22HIGH T
Page 25 and 26: CAPILLARY TUBE SELECTION R-12MEDIUM
Page 27 and 28: CAPILLARY TUBE SELECTION R-502LOW T
Page 29 and 30: multiple evaporators are used. On l
Page 31 and 32: which may be caused by pulsations i
Page 33 and 34: WATER REGULATING VALVESOn water coo
Page 35 and 36: CONDENSER FAN CYCLING CONTROLIn ord
Page 37 and 38: 1. The continuous VA (volt-amperes)
Page 39 and 40: A. Continuous VA requirement2 Conta
Page 41 and 42: The desired pulley size or the resu
Page 43 and 44: un winding is wound with relatively
Page 45 and 46: TWO PHASE MOTORSTwo phase power is
Page 47 and 48: 1 = 1 + 1MFD total MFD1 MFD2For exa
Page 49 and 50: voltage torque, and star-delta star
Page 51 and 52: 10-6© 1967 Emerson Climate Technol
Page 53 and 54: Regular Copeland® brand motor prot
Page 55 and 56:
contact prematurely due to shock or
Page 57 and 58:
The effect of an open phase in the
Page 59 and 60:
vulnerable to liquid damage such as
Page 61 and 62:
REFRIGERATION GAUGESPressure gauges
Page 63 and 64:
© 1967 Emerson Climate Technologie
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