Rapport SGC 198 Bio-Propane from glycerol for biogas addition

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Figure 12 Conversion of acrolein to ethene.In figure 12 it is possible to see that ethane is formed on a fresh non-reduced catalyst, but theformation decreases and ethene is formed instead. This catalyst is however not optimal for theproduction of ethane. For this purpose a catalyst with improved hydrogen production functionalityhave to be developed.2.1.9 Acrolein to EthaneIn this experiment the production of ethane from acrolein by decarbonylation followed by thewater-gas shift reaction was demonstrated. 14 g of the Biofuel #1011 catalyst was loaded inreactor 1. A 20 w% of acrolein in water solution was fed into the reactor at a rate of 18 g/h.100 ml/min of hydrogen was added to the stream in the pre-heater. The reactor 1 inlet temperaturewas 270°C and the total pressure was 5 bar(a). In figure 13, the result of a 4 h run isshown.100Yield of Ethane, CO+CO2 and PropanolYield %9080706050403020100PropanolEthaneCO+CO21.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5Time on stream (h)Figure 13 Conversion of acrolein to ethane with H 2 present.11
In the reaction either a CO or a CO 2 is formed for each decarbonylated acrolein molecule.This means that the formed amount CO+CO 2 and ethane should be equal, if no other byreactionoccurs. The slight surplus of CO+CO 2 shows that a minor part of the acrolein is reformedover the catalyst. Another by-product is 1-propanol formed by hydrogenation of theacrolein, due to the high hydrogen pressure.100908070Yield (%)605040302010EthaneCO2COPropanoic acid00.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0Time on stream (h)Figure 14 Conversion of acrolein to ethane without H 2 present.In figure 14, a result is shown of a run with the same conditions but without hydrogen present.Expected products were ethene and carbon dioxide:CH 2 =CH-CHO CH 2 =CH 2 + COHowever, rather unexpectedly, the products were ethane and carbon dioxide. This means thatthe catalyst shifts the formed carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and hydrogen by reactionwith water:CO + H 2 O ↔ CO 2 + H 2The formed hydrogen is then consumed by hydrogenation of the formed ethene:CH 2 =CH 2 + H 2 CH 3 -CH 3This means that the ethane production from acrolein (and the total pathway from glycerol)does not require any external hydrogen supply. The gas mixture with ethane, carbon dioxide,water and a small amount of propanoic acid should be rather simple to separate. This meansthat the Biofuel #1011 catalyst not only decarbonylates, it also has water-gas shift functionality.2.1.10 Glycerol to EthaneIn this experiment the complete route from glycerol to ethane was demonstrated using severalreactors. Reactor 1 contained 30 g of Z-1152 dehydration catalyst and reactor 2 contained 14gBiofuel #1011. The feed consisted of 18 g/h of 20 w% glycerol in water and 50 ml/min of N 2was used as a carrier gas. The inlet temperature of reactor 1 was 270°C and for reactor 2 the12
Page 5 and 6: 1 Introduction ....................
Page 7: these chemicals is 500 ktons per an
Page 11 and 12: 2.1 ResultsIn this section the resu
Page 13 and 14: The reaction was initialized during
Page 15: In this run, a propene yield of 40%
Page 19 and 20: 3 Cost EstimateThe production volum
Page 21 and 22: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1H21HGlycerolG43G5Wat
Page 23 and 24: Using the parameters in table 1 the
Page 25 and 26: the ethane case 104000 kr. The etha
Page 27 and 28: 1.89 kr/ /kWh (internal H 2 ) and2.
Page 29 and 30: 5 References1. Energiläget 2007. u

Rapport SGC 198 Bio-Propane from glycerol for biogas addition

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