Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide

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Enquiring and making statements about learned abilities 53.2¿Sabes tocar el piano?Can you play the piano?Sí, sé tocar muy bien.Yes, I can play very well.Ella sabe nadar, ¿verdad?She can swim, can’t she?Sabe nadar bastante bien.She can swim quite well. 21.3 (p. 101)53.2.2PresentLearned abilities are sometimes expressed with the present: 31317.1.1 (p. 72)Nada muy bien.He/she swims very well.El professor habla inglés y francés.The teacher speaks English and French.
54Seeking and giving permissionThis chapter considers the ways in which <strong>Spanish</strong> expresses the concept of permission,in formal as well as in informal situations, both orally and in writing.54.1Seeking permissionTo seek permission, as in ‘May/can I can come in?’, ‘Let me come in’, ‘Do you mind if Icome in?’, <strong>Spanish</strong>, like English, uses a number of verbs and expressions. Of these, themost common are the following:54.1.1 54.1.2 Poder + infinitiveTo seek or request permission to do something we normally use poder, ‘may’, ‘can’,followed by an infinitive.21.1 (p. 99)¿Se puede + infinitive?¿Puedo entrar?May/can I come in?¿Puedo dejar mi maleta aquí?May/can I leave my suitcase here?¿Podemos pasar?May/can we come in?¿Podemos esperar alli?May/can we wait over there?This impersonal construction, used when asking whether something is allowed,corresponds in meaning to English phrases such as ‘can you . . . ?’, ‘can one . . . ?’, ‘areyou allowed to . . . ?’.42.1.2 (p. 248)¿Se puede acampar en la playa?Can one/you camp on the beach? (Are you allowed to camp on thebeach?)¿Se puede fumar?Can one/you smoke? (Is smoking allowed?)314
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ModernSPANISHGrammarSecond Edition
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ModernSPANISHGrammarA practical gui
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ContentsIntroductionGlossaryxviixix
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Contentsvii12.5 ¿Dónde?/¿Adónde
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Contentsix24.2 Estar + past partici
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Contentsxi36.2 Enquiring about a su
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Contentsxiii49 Expressing certainty
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Contentsxv67.2 Suggesting a course
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Note to the Second EditionThe bi-pa
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GlossarySmall capitals indicate tha
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GlossaryxxiIré mañana o pasado.I
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GlossaryxxiiiNo te había visto.I h
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GlossaryTenseTenses are different f
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1Pronunciation and spellingPronunci
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The Spanish alphabet 1.1after other
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The written stress accent 1.5tra-er
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Punctuation 1.6como,cuando, etc.est
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2Gender and genderagreements2.1Masc
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Agreement classes of adjectives 2.6
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Lo2.8El niño no había comido en c
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Number agreement 3.2Some Latin loan
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4The articles4.1Definite articleThe
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Definite article + que and de4.3but
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Use of the plural unos, unas4.6 but
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Adjective position 5.2(c) Santo is
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Adjectives used as nouns 5.4Followi
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For the syntax of comparative const
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Ordinal numbers 7.2noventa 90cien,
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Expressions involving numbers 7.37.
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Subject pronouns 8.1SingularPlural2
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Object pronouns 8.2NOTETi does not
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Reduplicated pronoun structures 8.3
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Usage 9.39.39.3.19.3.2UsageEste cor
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Usage10.2Vuestro, etc., are often u
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11Relative pronounsThere is a fair
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Cuyo (adj.)11.411.4Cuyo (adj.)Cuyo
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¿Cuál? and ¿Qué?/¡Qué!12.212.
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¿Verdad?, ¿no? 12.9No sé por qu
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Cualquiera13.5Alguien ha mentido.So
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14Adverbs14.1Formation of adverbs i
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15Negation 32 (p. 191)15.1NoNo is t
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16Verb formsSection 16.1 gives an o
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The overall pattern 16.116.1.1.3The
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The overall pattern 16.1hemoshabéi
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The overall pattern 16.1cerramoscer
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The overall pattern 16.1Some verbs
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The overall pattern 16.1Poner ‘to
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The overall pattern 16.1(f) Past (i
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Perfect17.217.1.2 Reference to futu
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Preterite17.4(b) Saying politeness.
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Conditional 17.7(c) Saying promises
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Infinitive 17.11El que fuera niño
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Imperative17.13Subiendo por esta ca
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18Use of the subjunctiveSometimes t
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The subjunctive in complements of v
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The subjunctive after conjunctions
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The subjunctive after conjunctions
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The subjunctive in main clauses 18.
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19Sequence of tenseSpanish verb for
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Constructions involving the subjunc
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Llevar + gerund 20.3(c) Expressing
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21Modal auxiliary verbs andexpressi
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Querer 21.4(b) ObligationDebían (d
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22Ser and estar22.1SerSer is used:(
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Estar22.222.2EstarEstar is used:(a)
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Estar22.2Many adjectives can be use
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Reflexive verbs with prepositional
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The passive reflexive 23.923.8The i
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The passive reflexive 24.3Contrast:
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Bringing the object to the front of
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Basic use of prepositions 25.1Favou
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Basic use of prepositions 25.1al ai
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Basic use of prepositions 25.1(f) C
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Basic use of prepositions 25.1desde
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Basic use of prepositions 25.125.1.
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Basic use of prepositions 25.1Para
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Groups of prepositions 25.2sin deci
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26ComplementationBy complementation
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Infinitive complementation 26.2133d
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Infinitive complementation 26.2135e
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Infinitive complementation 26.2137b
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Infinitive complementation 26.2comp
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27ConjunctionsConjunctions are link
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Subordinating conjunctions 27.2Do n
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28Word order28.128.1.1StatementsThe
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Questions 28.2A topic may also be p
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ISocial contact andcommunication st
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MAKING SOCIAL CONTACTS 29.2¿Qué t
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MAKING SOCIAL CONTACTS 29.429.429.4
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MAKING SOCIAL CONTACTS 29.5Adiós.G
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MAKING SOCIAL CONTACTS 29.729.6.3Wi
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MAKING SOCIAL CONTACTS 29.8In Spain
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MAKING SOCIAL CONTACTS 29.829.8.7As
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MAKING SOCIAL CONTACTS 29.9 29.9.2.
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MAKING SOCIAL CONTACTS 29.9Tengo/te
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30Basic strategies forcommunication
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BASIC STRATEGIES FOR COMMUNICATION
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12.9 (p. 51)BASIC STRATEGIES FOR CO
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IIGiving and seeking factualinforma
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ASKING QUESTIONS AND RESPONDING 31.
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NEGATING 32.232.2Limiting the scope
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NEGATING 32.4Ni siquiera nos llamar
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33Reporting33.1Direct and indirect
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REPORTING 33.333.333.3.133.3.1.1 Re
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REPORTING 33.4Yo se lo había dicho
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REPORTING 33.6The use of a reportin
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34Asking and giving personalinforma
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ASKING AND GIVING PERSONAL INFORMAT
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ASKING AND GIVING PERSONAL INFORMAT
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35Identifying people, placesand thi
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36DescribingIn this chapter you wil
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DESCRIBING 36.2Él tenía mucho sen
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DESCRIBING 36.5El niño está grand
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DESCRIBING 36.9To describe the weat
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MAKING COMPARISONS 37.137.1.2 Más
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MAKING COMPARISONS 37.237.1.8Más/m
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MAKING COMPARISONS 37.3(f) Common e
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38Expressing existence andavailabil
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EXPRESSING EXISTENCE AND AVAILABILI
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39Expressing location anddistanceTh
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EXPRESSING LOCATION AND DISTANCE 39
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EXPRESSING POSSESSIVE RELATIONS 40.
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EXPRESSING POSSESSIVE RELATIONS 40.
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41Expressing changesIn English, tra
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EXPRESSING CHANGES 41.3El nuevo cam
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EXPRESSING CHANGES 41.641.6Other wa
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DESCRIBING PROCESSES AND RESULTS 42
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EXPRESSING CAUSE, EFFECT AND PURPOS
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Page 290 and 291: 44Expressing knowledgeTo express kn
Page 292 and 293: Learning or finding out about somet
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Page 298 and 299: Enquiring whether someone has forgo
Page 300 and 301: Expressing obligation and duty with
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Page 304 and 305: Expressing needs with regard to one
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Page 308 and 309: Expressing strong need 47.447.3.5Se
Page 310 and 311: Saying whether something is conside
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Page 318 and 319: 49Expressing certainty anduncertain
Page 320 and 321: Saying how certain one is of someth
Page 322 and 323: Enquiring about certainty or uncert
Page 324 and 325: Common expressions of supposition 5
Page 326 and 327: 51Expressing conditionsThis chapter
Page 328 and 329: Unfulfilled conditions 51.251.1.5 S
Page 330 and 331: Other conditional expressions 51.35
Page 332 and 333: Other conditional expressions 51.3f
Page 334 and 335: Common expressions of contrast or o
Page 336 and 337: Common expressions of contrast or o
Page 338 and 339: 53Expressing capability andincapabi
Page 342 and 343: Seeking permission 54.154.1.3¿Se p
Page 344 and 345: Giving permission 54.254.1.8 Rogar
Page 346 and 347: 55Asking and giving opinionsThis ch
Page 348 and 349: Expressing opinions 55.2Me gustarí
Page 350 and 351: Expressing opinions 55.2Creo/creemo
Page 352 and 353: Reporting on other people’s opini
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Page 356 and 357: Asking about agreement and disagree
Page 358: IVExpressing emotional attitudes
Page 361 and 362: EXPRESSING DESIRES AND PREFERENCES
Page 367 and 368: 58Expressing likes and dislikesThis
Page 369 and 370: EXPRESSING LIKES AND DISLIKES 58.25
Page 371 and 372: EXPRESSING LIKES AND DISLIKES 58.3M
Page 373 and 374: 59Expressing surpriseThis chapter c
Page 375 and 376: EXPRESSING SURPRISE 59.2Note that i
Page 377 and 378: EXPRESSING SATISFACTION AND DISSATI
Page 379 and 380: 61Expressing approval anddisapprova
Page 381 and 382: EXPRESSING APPROVAL AND DISAPPROVAL
Page 383 and 384: EXPRESSING HOPE 62.2 62.2.2 62.3H
Page 385 and 386: 63Expressing sympathyTo tell people
Page 387 and 388: EXPRESSING SYMPATHY 63.2Siento much
Page 389 and 390: 64Apologizing and expressingforgive
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APOLOGIZING AND EXPRESSING FORGIVEN
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EXPRESSING FEAR OR WORRY 65.1No, en
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EXPRESSING FEAR OR WORRY 65.1Temía
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66Expressing gratitudeThis chapter
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EXPRESSING GRATITUDE 66.266.2Respon
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67Giving advice and makingsuggestio
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Giving advice and making suggestion
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Asking for advice and suggestions67
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68Making requestsIn this chapter yo
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Common expressions of request 68.1
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69Giving directions, instructionsan
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Giving instructions 69.269.2Giving
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Giving orders 69.369.3.3The future
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Making an offer or invitation70.1Va
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Making an offer or invitation70.170
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20.2 (p. 97); 17.5.2 (p. 76)Enquiri
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71Talking about the presentStatemen
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Talking about permanent and habitua
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Saying how long one has been doing
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Saying how long one has been doing
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Expressing possibility, probability
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Expressing plans and intentions 72.
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Referring to the immediate future 7
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73Talking about the pastThis chapte
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Referring to the immediate past 73.
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Talking about long-lasting past eve
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Talking about past habitual actions
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AppendixATENDER ‘to attend to’
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AppendixGUIAR ‘to guide’ guío
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AppendixSALIR ‘to go out’ salgo
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Index of words and topicsNOTEThe re
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Index of words and topicscientos 7.
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Index of words and topicsdistance 3
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Index of words and topicshelar 16.1
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Index of words and topicsmostrar Ap
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Index of words and topicsposiblemen
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Index of words and topicssentir 16.
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Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide

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