Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) Technical Handbook

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Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) Technical HandbookFor EUS, recent studies have suggested there are a number of sufficientcauses, each made up of its component causes (Figure 5). Note that each ofthese sufficient causes includes, amongst its component causes, the onlycurrently recognised necessary cause, A. invadans propagules.Figure 5. Sufficient causes for EUS established experimentally.Sufficient cause 1(aquarium trials)Sufficient cause 2(aquarium trials)Sufficient cause 3(aquarium trials)Susceptible Dermisfish species exposedeg. M. cephalus by mechanicalabrasionSusceptiblefish species(C. striata )i.m.injection ofrhabdovirusT9412Susceptiblefish species(S. ciliata)Sublethalexposure toASS runoffwaterA. invadansA. invadansA. invadans34
EpidemiologyACID excessSULFATE RAINFALL organicSOIL matterFigure 3EUS Causal Webbacteriaecto- VIRUS (Vibrio spp., A. invadans A. invadans encystedLOW pH low DO parasites (T9412) Aeromonas spp.) sporangia on sporangia on A. invadansinfected fish non-fish substrate sporesEPIDERMAL NECROSIS A. INVADANSAND EXPOSURE OF DERMIS PROPAGULESATTACHMENT TO DERMISBY A. INVADANSFISH SPECIESfish ageINVASION OF DERMIS ANDimmune status MUSCLE BY A. INVADANSWATER TEMPERATUREEUSSEVERE TISSUE secondary bacterial severe osmotic LESIONDESTRUCTION septicaemia imbalance REPAIRDEATH death death RECOVERYPROVEN PATHWAY (ALL UPPER CASE)hypothetical link35
Page 3 and 4: Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome(EUS)T
Page 5 and 6: Copies of this publication are avai
Page 7 and 8: This handbook is one of a series of
Page 9 and 10: ContentsIntroduction ..............
Page 11 and 12: IntroductionEpizootic ulcerative sy
Page 13 and 14: HistoryFor over 25 years, outbreaks
Page 15 and 16: HistoryAlthough there were reports
Page 17 and 18: HistoryShresta, 1994). It is estima
Page 19 and 20: Species affectedMore than 100 fish
Page 21 and 22: Species AffectedTable 1 Species sus
Page 23 and 24: Socio-economicsThe most severe impa
Page 25 and 26: Public healthPrior to the initial E
Page 27 and 28: AetiologyDiseased fish, particularl
Page 29 and 30: AetiologyFigure 2 SporulatingAphano
Page 31 and 32: AetiologyInvolvement of other sapro
Page 33 and 34: Aetiologysnakehead fry died when ch
Page 35 and 36: Environmental FactorsCurrent findin
Page 37 and 38: Environmental FactorsSite character
Page 39 and 40: DiagnosisCorrect diagnosis of EUS i
Page 41 and 42: DiagnosisDiseased striped snakehead
Page 43: EpidemiologyEpidemiology is the stu
Page 47 and 48: Control of EUSNow that research on
Page 49 and 50: Control of EUSSurveillanceIt is imp
Page 51 and 52: Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS)
Page 53 and 54: Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS)
Page 55 and 56: Annex 1 - Isolation of Aphanomycesi
Page 57 and 58: Annex 2 - Count method for Aphanomy
Page 63 and 64: Annex 3 - Maintenance of Aphanomyce
Page 65 and 66: Annex 4 - Inducing sporulation inAp
Page 67 and 68: Annex 5 - Identification of saprole
Page 69 and 70: Annex 6 - Isolation of virusesThe i
Page 71 and 72: Annex 7 - Investigation of EUS outb
Page 73 and 74: Investigationof EUS outbreakspatter
Page 75 and 76: Investigationof EUS outbreaksthat s
Page 77 and 78: Annex 8 - EUS Sampling DatasheetsTo
Page 79 and 80: EUS Sampling DatasheetsEUS SAMPLING
Page 81 and 82: Annex 9 - Procedure for samplingfis
Page 83 and 84: AbbreviationsAAHRI - Aquatic Animal
Page 85 and 86: Glossaryachlyoid:acinar necrosis:ae
Page 87 and 88: Glossarylymphoid:melanomacrophagece
Page 89 and 90: ReferencesAAHRI, ACIAR, IoA and NAC
Page 91 and 92: ReferencesCallinan, R.B., Paclibare
Page 93 and 94: ReferencesFrerichs, G.N., Millar, S
Page 95 and 96:
ReferencesLilley, J.H. and Frerichs
Page 97 and 98:
ReferencesNoga, E.J., Wright, J.F.,
Page 99 and 100:
ReferencesRodgers, L.J. and Burke,
Page 101 and 102:
ReferencesViswanath, T.S., Mohan, C
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Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) Technical Handbook

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