Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) Technical Handbook

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PrefaceIt is our pleasure to introduce this handbook on epizootic ulcerative syndrome(EUS), which aims to provide scientists and fish health workers with backgroundinformation on this important disease, as well as practical recommendationsfor its diagnosis and control. There have been many research developmentssince the publication of a previous AAHRI-NACA review of EUS in 1992, andthe present handbook provides a thoroughly updated and expanded analysisof the topic.EUS is an international problem that has been studied independently, andcollaboratively, by many different workers. The early occurrences of mycoticgranulomatosis (MG) in Japan and red spot disease (RSD) in Australia over 25years ago are now considered to have been outbreaks of the diseasesubsequently designated EUS. Reference to the early work on MG and RSDhas therefore proved to be important in understanding the later EUS outbreaksin Southeast and South Asia. This handbook incorporates information fromall these sources, bringing together, with acknowledgements, the work ofmany scientists across a wide range of specialist fields.A number of different agencies have supported work on EUS. The initialoutbreaks in Southeast Asia were investigated by a survey team funded byFAO, and the name, epizootic ulcerative syndrome, was later proposed at anFAO-convened Consultation of Experts in Bangkok in 1986. NACA has alsobeen integrally involved in studies on EUS and much of the data onenvironmental parameters associated with outbreaks was generated byNACA’s Regional Research Programme on Ulcerative Syndrome in Fish andthe Environment. The Department for International Development (DFID) ofthe United Kingdom (formerly ODA), and the Australian Centre for InternationalAgriculture Research (ACIAR), subsequently funded major research projectson the disease. Both organisations, through the Fisheries Programme ofACIAR and the DFID South East Asia Aquatic Animal Disease Control Project,provided support in the production of this handbook.The spread of EUS may be due partly to the large-scale movement of fishwithin the Asia-Pacific region, and, as suggested in this handbook, thepotential for further spread is high. Consequently, the risk of introducing EUSshould be a matter of concern for countries that are, as yet, unaffected. Theneed for development of effective strategies to reduce risks associated withthe spread of important aquatic animal pathogens is now widely recognsed,and in Asia is being addressed through a cooperative FAO/NACA/OIE RegionalProgramme for the Development of Technical Guidelines on Quarantine andHealth Certification and Establishment of Information Systems for theResponsible Movement of Live Aquatic Animals in Asia. We would like tostress the value of cooperation among countries in Asia and others with aninterest in controlling aquatic animal disease and promoting sustainableaquaculture development.I
This handbook is one of a series of publications on important diseases ofaquatic animals in Asian aquaculture published by the Aquatic AnimalHealth Research Institute (AAHRI) of the Department of Fisheries of Thailand.No doubt, future studies will enable the development of rapid diagnostictechniques for detecting Aphanomyces invadans, provide a better understandingof the various component causes of EUS in different outbreaks and introducefurther means of controlling outbreaks. Other interesting areas to be studiedinclude the epidemiological investigation of EUS outbreaks in areas on the“frontier” of the disease and the comparison with ulcerative mycosis outbreaksin other regions, which could provide further information on the origin andspread of this important disease. We look forward to further collaborativeprojects of this nature in the future.Barney SmithACIAR Fisheries Programme CoordinatorHassanai KongkeoNACA CoordinatorII
Page 3 and 4: Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome(EUS)T
Page 5: Copies of this publication are avai
Page 9 and 10: ContentsIntroduction ..............
Page 11 and 12: IntroductionEpizootic ulcerative sy
Page 13 and 14: HistoryFor over 25 years, outbreaks
Page 15 and 16: HistoryAlthough there were reports
Page 17 and 18: HistoryShresta, 1994). It is estima
Page 19 and 20: Species affectedMore than 100 fish
Page 21 and 22: Species AffectedTable 1 Species sus
Page 23 and 24: Socio-economicsThe most severe impa
Page 25 and 26: Public healthPrior to the initial E
Page 27 and 28: AetiologyDiseased fish, particularl
Page 29 and 30: AetiologyFigure 2 SporulatingAphano
Page 31 and 32: AetiologyInvolvement of other sapro
Page 33 and 34: Aetiologysnakehead fry died when ch
Page 35 and 36: Environmental FactorsCurrent findin
Page 37 and 38: Environmental FactorsSite character
Page 39 and 40: DiagnosisCorrect diagnosis of EUS i
Page 41 and 42: DiagnosisDiseased striped snakehead
Page 43 and 44: EpidemiologyEpidemiology is the stu
Page 45 and 46: EpidemiologyACID excessSULFATE RAIN
Page 47 and 48: Control of EUSNow that research on
Page 49 and 50: Control of EUSSurveillanceIt is imp
Page 51 and 52: Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS)
Page 53 and 54: Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS)
Page 55 and 56: Annex 1 - Isolation of Aphanomycesi
Page 57 and 58:
Annex 2 - Count method for Aphanomy
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Annex 3 - Maintenance of Aphanomyce
Page 65 and 66:
Annex 4 - Inducing sporulation inAp
Page 67 and 68:
Annex 5 - Identification of saprole
Page 69 and 70:
Annex 6 - Isolation of virusesThe i
Page 71 and 72:
Annex 7 - Investigation of EUS outb
Page 73 and 74:
Investigationof EUS outbreakspatter
Page 75 and 76:
Investigationof EUS outbreaksthat s
Page 77 and 78:
Annex 8 - EUS Sampling DatasheetsTo
Page 79 and 80:
EUS Sampling DatasheetsEUS SAMPLING
Page 81 and 82:
Annex 9 - Procedure for samplingfis
Page 83 and 84:
AbbreviationsAAHRI - Aquatic Animal
Page 85 and 86:
Glossaryachlyoid:acinar necrosis:ae
Page 87 and 88:
Glossarylymphoid:melanomacrophagece
Page 89 and 90:
ReferencesAAHRI, ACIAR, IoA and NAC
Page 91 and 92:
ReferencesCallinan, R.B., Paclibare
Page 93 and 94:
ReferencesFrerichs, G.N., Millar, S
Page 95 and 96:
ReferencesLilley, J.H. and Frerichs
Page 97 and 98:
ReferencesNoga, E.J., Wright, J.F.,
Page 99 and 100:
ReferencesRodgers, L.J. and Burke,
Page 101 and 102:
ReferencesViswanath, T.S., Mohan, C
show all

Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) Technical Handbook

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?