journal of renewable natural resources bhutan - Ministry of Agriculture

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Data collectionData were collected in multiple stages:Site visit and farmer/beekeepers' selectionPotential beekeepers in villages of Bhur and Jigmecholing block,Sarpang and villages of Phuntsholing block in Chukha were visited byresearchers and local extension agents. About 27 farmers from eachblock were selected in consultation with local extension agents andfield research staff.Group discussionsPre-selected farmers/beekeepers were invited to a meeting/discussionat a central location- RNR Sub Centre at Bhur and Chupen's (villageheadman) house at Sadhumadhu.Group discussions were held toassess gender situation among beekeeping households. Details onexisting beekeeping practices were also collected using standardformat.Informal discussionInformal discussion were also held with key informants to validateinformation on the present beekeeping practices: harvesting time,number of harvest per year, bee pasture/flora available, season andcause of migration/abounding of bees, constraints in beekeeping, useand marketing of honey.DataAnalysisN. B. TamangData from the individual interviews were entered in a spreadsheet. Theanswers to the questions were grouped into: numerical data that wereaveraged; Yes-No answers coded and “word” answers that fell intosimilar pattern were counted manually and when ever practicalconverted to a percentage. Observations and impressions weredescribed.28
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSocial structure and facilitiesBeekeepers in the study area consist of diverse ethnic groups such asRai, Mongar, Ghalley, Tamang and Subba. These groups exceptTamang follow Hinduism. The community is coherent as the peopleare permanent settler for a very long time. About 15 percent of thehouseholds are also headed by female and rest by males.The villages in Bhur block are within 30 minutes walk from the nearestroad head. The villages have electricity and rural water supply,telephones, two primary schools and an outreach clinic where hospitalstaff regularly conducts vaccination campaign. Pachudara andSadhumadhu villages however is about three hours walk from nearestroad head and there is no school and telephone connection.Farming systemsIn both the sites selected, farmers practice rice based farming system.Rice is cultivated in the irrigated terraced wetland. It is transplantedduring July-August and it is the most labor intensive among all thefarming activities. Rice is used mostly for subsistence.After harvest ofrice, mustard and buckwheat is cultivated in some portion of wetland.Maize is also cultivated as dryland crops but generally don't grow wellin Bhur but it is a main food crop in Pachudara as there is less areaunder wetland due to shortage of irrigation water. Millet is grown afterharvest of maize. Aracanut, citrus mandarin is the main cash crop.Varieties of vegetables, other fruits such as mango are also grown.Farmers rear livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, chicken, ducks andbees. The villages have abundant tree/ plantation cover.Income sourcesHoney Bees in the foot hill................About 35 percent of the respondents sell citrus mandarin annually(Table 1). It is the main cash crop in the study areas. Farmers who hasfruit bearing mandarin orchards are better off than the rest. For 10percent of farmers, orchard combined with livestock such as goat and29
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Page 4 and 5: Livestock
Page 6 and 7: the use of tree fodder is strongly
Page 8 and 9: Lhuenste12 N27.67585,E091.25453Mong
Page 10 and 11: Kelzang Wangchuk et alTable 2: Nutr
Page 12 and 13: Kelzang Wangchuk et alDiscussionThe
Page 14 and 15: Kelzang Wangchuk et alRoder, W., Wa
Page 16 and 17: Karma Nidup & Pema Wangchukvery lon
Page 18 and 19: stocking density (0.09 sq ft/bird)
Page 20 and 21: part of the data while some are exp
Page 22 and 23: Karma Nidup & Pema WangchukFigure 1
Page 24 and 25: Karma Nidup & Pema WangchukFigure 4
Page 26 and 27: adequate treatment and replicates e
Page 28 and 29: Karma Nidup & Pema WangchukRaj, M.
Page 30 and 31: Hindrances to enhance honey product
Page 34 and 35: cattle contributes to the household
Page 36 and 37: Honey productionAverage annual hone
Page 38 and 39: cooler places for bees to live in s
Page 40 and 41: CONCLUSIONSN. B. TamangHoney bees h
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Page 46 and 47: M. R. Moktan et alinfrastructures c
Page 48 and 49: M. R. Moktan et alesculanta, Castan
Page 50 and 51: tallied. Further from ¼ of the plo
Page 52 and 53: M. R. Moktan et alPotential commerc
Page 54 and 55: Table 6. Estimates of gross maximum
Page 56 and 57: M. R. Moktan et alThus, low vulnera
Page 58 and 59: Table 8. Rapid Vulnerability Assess
Page 60 and 61: thIt is important to note the 5, 6,
Page 62 and 63: M. R. Moktan et alecologically and
Page 64 and 65: M. R. Moktan et alEconomic analysis
Page 66 and 67: M. R. Moktan et alreceived at house
Page 68 and 69: M. R. Moktan et alFigure 11. Visiti
Page 70 and 71: M. R. Moktan et alInternational Tro
Page 72 and 73: M. R. Moktan et alWatts, J., Scott,
Page 74 and 75: KEYWORDS:Pema Wangda & Masahiko Ohs
Page 76 and 77: Mean total annual precipitation(mm)
Page 78 and 79: Concise flowers of the Himalaya (Po
Page 80 and 81: Pema Wangda & Masahiko Ohsawabusua,
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Pema Wangda & Masahiko Ohsawato 5 m
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Pema Wangda & Masahiko Ohsawaevergr
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Pema Wangda & Masahiko OhsawaNumber
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Soil pH (H2O)(A)Total Nitrogen (%)8
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height and basal area of trees. The
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initial level in the tropical regio
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Pema Wangda & Masahiko OhsawaSPECIE
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Pema Wangda & Masahiko OhsawaSPECIE
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Field Crops
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Wangda Dukpaweak coleoptiles, which
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Rht 10 9.00 4.67 90 11.27 8.57 19.8
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depths. Interactions between variet
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evidence indicates that Rht8reduces
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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 102-118: 2007
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Growing Rice in Bumthang.......Temp
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d thTransplantation should be carri
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RESULTSAND DISCUSSIONNursery raisin
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VarietyDays tomaturityGrowing Rice
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Growing Rice in Bumthang.......tota
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delays crop growth, crops are weak,
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Physiological/nutrient disordersYel
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Growing Rice in Bumthang.......Mack
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T. B. Katwal et alfollowed by rice
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T. B. Katwal et alnot very large as
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T. B. Katwal et alquantity of seedl
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The results from the two sites indi
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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 128-142: 2007
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MATERIALSAND METHODSThis research o
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allocation of Farm Yard Manure(FYM)
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infrastructure developments.Encoura
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and marketing to inject the idea of
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Encouraging farmers to re cultivate
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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 143-148: 2007
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Inadequate outstanding cultivar (mo
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efore two weeks of actual operation
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General
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Tirtha Bdr Katwal et alresearch. Th
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evaluating new technologies assumin
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Tirtha Bdr Katwal et ali. Trainings
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Tirtha Bdr Katwal et alfrom improve
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Table 2. Rice Production before and
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Guide to AuthorsStandard Structure
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C. TABLES:Tables are used to presen
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6. Standard Book :National Research
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