journal of renewable natural resources bhutan - Ministry of Agriculture

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M. R. Moktan et alinfrastructures comprised RNR (Renewable Natural Resource)extension centre, two rural clinics, one basic health unit, primaryschool and irrigation channel and ten rural water and sanitationschemes.Land use type constitutes wetland (12 ha) dry land (88 ha) tseri (760ha), mixed agriculture partly wetland and dry land (738 ha ) naturalpastures (454 ha) and forest types; broadleaf (16,960 ha) broadleafwith conifers (59ha) and scrub forest (11 ha) (MoA, 2002). Othersinclude; rocky outcrops (149 ha) water spreads (312 ha) andsettlements (7 ha). Economy is subsistence-oriented and depends onagriculture and livestock.Bjoka receives a total rainfall of 1503 mm/yr with a highest of 442mmin July and lowest of 10mm in January (Fig.1). The rainfall distributionpattern is skewed with most rainfalls occurring between the summermonths of April to September crucial for new growth and regenerationof vegetation including bamboo and canes.500Rainfall in mm4003002001000Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov DecFigure 1:Annual rainfall in BjokaBjoka falls in the warm broadleaf vegetation zone ( Table 1) and it ischaracterised by dominance of principal tree species such as Altingiaexcelsa, Betula alnoides , Castanopsis indica, Engelhardtia spicata,Maesia spp, Ostodes paniculata and Macaranga pustulata. Variousbamboo and cane species abound the forests along the moist shadycreeks and streams.41
Bamboo and Cane: Potential.............Table 1. Characteristics species of the warm broad leaf vegetation zone of BhutanForesttypeWarmBroadleaf ForestCharacteristic genera and speciesAlangium chinense, Alnus nepalensis, Altingia excelsa, Betulaalnoides, Bischofia javanica, Callicarpa arborea, Castanopsisindica, Cordia obliqua, Dendrocalamus hookeri, Dichroafebrifuga, Engelhardtia spicata, Entada pursaetha, Euodiafraxinifolia, Firmiana colorata, Helicia nilagrica, Lithocarpuselegans, L. pachyphyllus, L. fenestratus, L. dealbatus, L. listeri,Macaranga pustulata, Maclura cochinchinensis, Maesia spp.,Mussaenda roxburghii, Ostodes paniculata, Pouzolzia sanguinea,Rhaphidophora eximea, Schima wallichii, Stereospermumpersonatum, Trevesia palmata, Wendlandia puberulaSource: Grierson and Long (1984)Bamboos and canes-distribution and characteristics(a) Bamboo ( Neomicrocalamus andropogonifolius )Out of thirty bamboo species recorded in Bhutan, twenty-one speciesare found growing in the lower, middle and upper Kheng underZhemgang (Stapleton, 1994d). Out of the twenty-one species, elevenwere recorded in Lower and Middle Kheng. Neomicrocalamusandropogonifolius (Griffith) Stapleton locally named Yula inKhengkha, Ringshu in Dzongkha and Sharchopkha and Langma inLhotshamkha is the commercially important bamboo of lower Kheng.Stapleton (1994) describes distribution of N. andropogonifolius asoften scrambling from sub-tropical to warm temperate areas restrictingto the wetter eastern forests of Bhutan especially around 1,600-1,800mfound in conjunction with Ceplalostachyum latifolum andChimonobambusa callosa. N. andropogonifolius grows often in denseclumps but in limited localities characterized by highly fertile soils andabundant precipitation. These soils are deep brown with sandy clayeyto clayey loam texture. N. andropogonifolius is a climber that requiresthe shade and support of trees. Its association is broadleaf associate treespecies including Syzizium, Litsea, Ostodes paniculata, Myria42
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Page 4 and 5: Livestock
Page 6 and 7: the use of tree fodder is strongly
Page 8 and 9: Lhuenste12 N27.67585,E091.25453Mong
Page 10 and 11: Kelzang Wangchuk et alTable 2: Nutr
Page 12 and 13: Kelzang Wangchuk et alDiscussionThe
Page 14 and 15: Kelzang Wangchuk et alRoder, W., Wa
Page 16 and 17: Karma Nidup & Pema Wangchukvery lon
Page 18 and 19: stocking density (0.09 sq ft/bird)
Page 20 and 21: part of the data while some are exp
Page 22 and 23: Karma Nidup & Pema WangchukFigure 1
Page 24 and 25: Karma Nidup & Pema WangchukFigure 4
Page 26 and 27: adequate treatment and replicates e
Page 28 and 29: Karma Nidup & Pema WangchukRaj, M.
Page 30 and 31: Hindrances to enhance honey product
Page 32 and 33: Data collectionData were collected
Page 34 and 35: cattle contributes to the household
Page 36 and 37: Honey productionAverage annual hone
Page 38 and 39: cooler places for bees to live in s
Page 40 and 41: CONCLUSIONSN. B. TamangHoney bees h
Page 42 and 43: Forestry
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Page 48 and 49: M. R. Moktan et alesculanta, Castan
Page 50 and 51: tallied. Further from ¼ of the plo
Page 52 and 53: M. R. Moktan et alPotential commerc
Page 54 and 55: Table 6. Estimates of gross maximum
Page 56 and 57: M. R. Moktan et alThus, low vulnera
Page 58 and 59: Table 8. Rapid Vulnerability Assess
Page 60 and 61: thIt is important to note the 5, 6,
Page 62 and 63: M. R. Moktan et alecologically and
Page 64 and 65: M. R. Moktan et alEconomic analysis
Page 66 and 67: M. R. Moktan et alreceived at house
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Page 70 and 71: M. R. Moktan et alInternational Tro
Page 72 and 73: M. R. Moktan et alWatts, J., Scott,
Page 74 and 75: KEYWORDS:Pema Wangda & Masahiko Ohs
Page 76 and 77: Mean total annual precipitation(mm)
Page 78 and 79: Concise flowers of the Himalaya (Po
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Page 88 and 89: Soil pH (H2O)(A)Total Nitrogen (%)8
Page 90 and 91: height and basal area of trees. The
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Pema Wangda & Masahiko OhsawaSPECIE
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Field Crops
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Wangda Dukpaweak coleoptiles, which
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Rht 10 9.00 4.67 90 11.27 8.57 19.8
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depths. Interactions between variet
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evidence indicates that Rht8reduces
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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 102-118: 2007
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Growing Rice in Bumthang.......Temp
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d thTransplantation should be carri
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RESULTSAND DISCUSSIONNursery raisin
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VarietyDays tomaturityGrowing Rice
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Growing Rice in Bumthang.......tota
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delays crop growth, crops are weak,
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Physiological/nutrient disordersYel
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Growing Rice in Bumthang.......Mack
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T. B. Katwal et alfollowed by rice
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T. B. Katwal et alnot very large as
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T. B. Katwal et alquantity of seedl
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The results from the two sites indi
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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 128-142: 2007
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MATERIALSAND METHODSThis research o
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allocation of Farm Yard Manure(FYM)
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infrastructure developments.Encoura
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and marketing to inject the idea of
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Encouraging farmers to re cultivate
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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 143-148: 2007
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Inadequate outstanding cultivar (mo
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efore two weeks of actual operation
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General
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Tirtha Bdr Katwal et alresearch. Th
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evaluating new technologies assumin
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Tirtha Bdr Katwal et ali. Trainings
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Tirtha Bdr Katwal et alfrom improve
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Table 2. Rice Production before and
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Guide to AuthorsStandard Structure
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C. TABLES:Tables are used to presen
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6. Standard Book :National Research
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