journal of renewable natural resources bhutan - Ministry of Agriculture

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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 38-67: 2007Bamboo and Cane: Potential for Poverty Reductionand Forest Conservation1 2M.R. Moktan, L. Norbu, K. Dukpa, T. B. Rai, K. Dhendup and N. GyaltshenABSTRACTThis paper examines the resource availability of Neomicrocalamusandropogonifolius (Griffith) Stapleton and Calamus acanthospathus(Griffith), their roles in the household subsistence economy, traditionalknowledge, post-harvest practices and species' vulnerability tocommercialisation. The gross commercial bamboo growing stock is3estimated at 1,925m from the total growing area of 27.4ha. Based onthe artisans' knowledge, gross maximum commercial growing canestocks is estimated at 27 metric tonnes and minimum of 16 metrictonnes from 15.4ha. Annual supply and demand trends from 1995-2003illustrate diminishing resource supplies. Bamboo and cane enterprisecontribute 66% of the gross household incomes and providesemployment to 97% of the total households on a seasonal basis and iseconomically profitable even if the opportunity costs of collection aretaken into account. Specialization in the manufacture of high qualityfinished products is strategy overcome food insecurity and other severedevelopment constraints like access to road and market infrastructures.Middlemen transactions are important but exploit the poorest artisansby paying them lower prices. Bamboo and cane crafts are used for avariety of domestic, agricultural and commercial purposes. Driven bycommercialisation, traditional management is tilted towardsharvesting with insufficient attention on regeneration according to theprinciples of sustainability resulting into considerable impact on thesespecies. Elderly artisans say young generation are less skilful in themanufacture of high quality finished crafts tailored to touristpreference and desirability, and initiation of training schemes arenecessary to improve quality, standardised harvesting andregeneration and preserve this unique cultural heritage. Thevulnerability status of these two Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP)1RNR Research Center, Yusipang, Thimphu2RNR Research Center, Jakar, Bumthang38
Page 2 and 3: Journal of Renewable Natural Resour
Page 4 and 5: Livestock
Page 6 and 7: the use of tree fodder is strongly
Page 8 and 9: Lhuenste12 N27.67585,E091.25453Mong
Page 10 and 11: Kelzang Wangchuk et alTable 2: Nutr
Page 12 and 13: Kelzang Wangchuk et alDiscussionThe
Page 14 and 15: Kelzang Wangchuk et alRoder, W., Wa
Page 16 and 17: Karma Nidup & Pema Wangchukvery lon
Page 18 and 19: stocking density (0.09 sq ft/bird)
Page 20 and 21: part of the data while some are exp
Page 22 and 23: Karma Nidup & Pema WangchukFigure 1
Page 24 and 25: Karma Nidup & Pema WangchukFigure 4
Page 26 and 27: adequate treatment and replicates e
Page 28 and 29: Karma Nidup & Pema WangchukRaj, M.
Page 30 and 31: Hindrances to enhance honey product
Page 32 and 33: Data collectionData were collected
Page 34 and 35: cattle contributes to the household
Page 36 and 37: Honey productionAverage annual hone
Page 38 and 39: cooler places for bees to live in s
Page 40 and 41: CONCLUSIONSN. B. TamangHoney bees h
Page 44 and 45: was assessed at an overall rank of
Page 46 and 47: M. R. Moktan et alinfrastructures c
Page 48 and 49: M. R. Moktan et alesculanta, Castan
Page 50 and 51: tallied. Further from ¼ of the plo
Page 52 and 53: M. R. Moktan et alPotential commerc
Page 54 and 55: Table 6. Estimates of gross maximum
Page 56 and 57: M. R. Moktan et alThus, low vulnera
Page 58 and 59: Table 8. Rapid Vulnerability Assess
Page 60 and 61: thIt is important to note the 5, 6,
Page 62 and 63: M. R. Moktan et alecologically and
Page 64 and 65: M. R. Moktan et alEconomic analysis
Page 66 and 67: M. R. Moktan et alreceived at house
Page 68 and 69: M. R. Moktan et alFigure 11. Visiti
Page 70 and 71: M. R. Moktan et alInternational Tro
Page 72 and 73: M. R. Moktan et alWatts, J., Scott,
Page 74 and 75: KEYWORDS:Pema Wangda & Masahiko Ohs
Page 76 and 77: Mean total annual precipitation(mm)
Page 78 and 79: Concise flowers of the Himalaya (Po
Page 80 and 81: Pema Wangda & Masahiko Ohsawabusua,
Page 82 and 83: Pema Wangda & Masahiko Ohsawato 5 m
Page 84 and 85: Pema Wangda & Masahiko Ohsawaevergr
Page 86 and 87: Pema Wangda & Masahiko OhsawaNumber
Page 88 and 89: Soil pH (H2O)(A)Total Nitrogen (%)8
Page 90 and 91: height and basal area of trees. The
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initial level in the tropical regio
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Pema Wangda & Masahiko OhsawaSPECIE
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Pema Wangda & Masahiko OhsawaSPECIE
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Field Crops
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Wangda Dukpaweak coleoptiles, which
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Rht 10 9.00 4.67 90 11.27 8.57 19.8
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depths. Interactions between variet
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evidence indicates that Rht8reduces
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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 102-118: 2007
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Growing Rice in Bumthang.......Temp
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d thTransplantation should be carri
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RESULTSAND DISCUSSIONNursery raisin
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VarietyDays tomaturityGrowing Rice
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Growing Rice in Bumthang.......tota
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delays crop growth, crops are weak,
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Physiological/nutrient disordersYel
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Growing Rice in Bumthang.......Mack
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T. B. Katwal et alfollowed by rice
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T. B. Katwal et alnot very large as
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T. B. Katwal et alquantity of seedl
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The results from the two sites indi
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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 128-142: 2007
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MATERIALSAND METHODSThis research o
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allocation of Farm Yard Manure(FYM)
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infrastructure developments.Encoura
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and marketing to inject the idea of
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Encouraging farmers to re cultivate
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Bhu.J.RNR.Vol 3.No.1, 143-148: 2007
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Inadequate outstanding cultivar (mo
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efore two weeks of actual operation
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General
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Tirtha Bdr Katwal et alresearch. Th
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evaluating new technologies assumin
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Tirtha Bdr Katwal et ali. Trainings
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Tirtha Bdr Katwal et alfrom improve
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Table 2. Rice Production before and
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Guide to AuthorsStandard Structure
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C. TABLES:Tables are used to presen
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6. Standard Book :National Research
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