was elected (1812) to <strong>the</strong> U.S. House of Representatives because of his opposition to <strong>the</strong> War of 1812, which hadcrippled new Engl<strong>and</strong>’s shipping trade. After two more terms in <strong>the</strong> House, Webster left Congress in 1816 <strong>and</strong>moved to Boston. Over <strong>the</strong> next six years, he won major constitutional cases before <strong>the</strong> Supreme Court….”(256) Ref: Stephen Douglas: “Stephen Arnold Douglas was born in Br<strong>and</strong>on, Vermont, in 1813. He becameattorney-general of Illinois in 1834, member of <strong>the</strong> legislature in 1835, secretary of state in 1840, <strong>and</strong> judge of <strong>the</strong>Supreme Court in 1841<strong>and</strong> member of <strong>the</strong> House of Representatives in 1847.(257) The following verse is taken from The Task. Book 1 - The Sofa by William Cowper.CHAPTER XIV(258) Ref: Early Years of <strong>the</strong> Canadian Northwest 1830-1849: Mt. St. Helens (in Washington near <strong>the</strong> ColumbiaRiver) erupted this year. John Adams witnessed <strong>the</strong> event as did Dr. Gassner.(259) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: Reverend Josiah Lamberson Parrish (1806-1895) was an American missionaryin <strong>Oregon</strong> County <strong>and</strong> trustee of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Oregon</strong> Institute at its founding. A native of New York, he also participated in<strong>the</strong> Champoeg Meetings that led to <strong>the</strong> formation of <strong>the</strong> Provisional Government of <strong>Oregon</strong> in 1843. Parrish wasmarried three times <strong>and</strong> was <strong>the</strong> first breeder of pure-bred sheep in <strong>Oregon</strong>.(260) Ref: Lewis <strong>and</strong> Clark, American Explorers – EnchantedLearning.com: “Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis (1774–1809) <strong>and</strong>William Clark (1770–1838) set out in May 1804 to explore <strong>and</strong> map <strong>the</strong> American West. Lewis <strong>and</strong> Clark wereaccompanied by a crew of men, <strong>and</strong> later, <strong>the</strong> Shoshone Indian guide <strong>and</strong> interpreter Sacajawea (also spelledSacagawea) <strong>and</strong> her infant son. Lewis <strong>and</strong> Clark traveled by river <strong>and</strong> by l<strong>and</strong> from St. Louis, Missouri, to <strong>the</strong><strong>Oregon</strong> coast (Fort Clatsop), <strong>and</strong> back again.Ref: Wikipedia - <strong>the</strong> Free Encyclopedia: “Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis (August 18, 1774–October 11,1809) was born in Albemarle Co., VA in <strong>the</strong> present-day community of Ivy. He was <strong>the</strong> son of Lt. William Lewis,who was of Welsh ancestry, <strong>and</strong> Lucy Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r. Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis was an American explorer, soldier, <strong>and</strong> publicadministrator, best known for his role as <strong>the</strong> leader of <strong>the</strong> Lewis <strong>and</strong> Clark Expedition also known as <strong>the</strong> Corps ofDiscovery, with William Clark, whose mission was to explore <strong>the</strong> territory of <strong>the</strong> Louisiana Purc<strong>has</strong>e, establish trade<strong>and</strong> sovereignty over <strong>the</strong> natives near <strong>the</strong> Missouri River, <strong>and</strong> claim <strong>the</strong> Pacific Northwest <strong>and</strong> <strong>Oregon</strong> Territory for<strong>the</strong> United States before European nations.”(261) Ref: William Clark Biography – Biography.com: “U.S. soldier <strong>and</strong> explorer, born on August1, 1770, in Caroline Co., VA, a younger bro<strong>the</strong>r to Revolutionary War hero George Roberts Clark. William Clarkentered <strong>the</strong> military at <strong>the</strong> age of 19. First he served in <strong>the</strong> militia <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n entered <strong>the</strong> U.S. Army. Clark becamefriends with Meriwe<strong>the</strong>r Lewis while <strong>the</strong> two served toge<strong>the</strong>r in 1795…… In 1803, Clark received a letter from hisold friend Lewis, inviting him to share comm<strong>and</strong> of an expedition of <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>s west of <strong>the</strong> Mississippi River……Clark married Julia Hancock in 1808. Along with his own family, he cared for <strong>the</strong> children of Sacagawea after shedied in 1812. The next year, he served as governor of <strong>the</strong> Missouri Territory, a position he held for seven years……Clark died on September 1, 1838, in St. Louis, MO. He <strong>has</strong> <strong>been</strong> remembered as one of <strong>the</strong> country’s
greatest explorers. The maps he drew helped <strong>the</strong> U.S. Government — <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest of <strong>the</strong> nation — underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>geography of <strong>the</strong> west. His journal also provided insights into <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>s, peoples, <strong>and</strong> animal <strong>life</strong> of <strong>the</strong> region.”(262) Thise quote is from an oration by Waldo Emerson which he delivered before <strong>the</strong> Literary Societies ofDartmouth College, July 24, 1838.Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist,philosopher, <strong>and</strong> poet, best remembered for leading <strong>the</strong> Transcendentalist movement of <strong>the</strong> mid 19th century. Histeachings directly influenced <strong>the</strong> growing New Thought movement of <strong>the</strong> mid 1800s. He was seen as a champion ofindividualism <strong>and</strong> a prescient critic of <strong>the</strong> countervailing pressures of society.(263) Ref: Blog & Biz of Arthur Robert Mullen III >> 2009 >> December: < Agiocochook > The native Indianname for Mt. Washington, meaning place of <strong>the</strong> home spiritCHAPTER XV(264) Ref: Lewis <strong>and</strong> Clark’s Columbia River – Point Adams, <strong>Oregon</strong>: “The name ‘Adams’ was given to <strong>the</strong>sou<strong>the</strong>rn Columbia River point by Captain Robert Gray on May 18, 1792, in honor of John Adams, former Presidentof <strong>the</strong> United States.”(265) Ref: Kootenay River- Wikipedia, <strong>the</strong> free encyclopedia: “The river was described with slightlydifferent names by two groups of <strong>the</strong> local Ktunaxa (Kootenai) tribes. The indigenous people who lived along <strong>the</strong>upper river knew it as aqkinmiluk, simply meaning ‘river’. The people along <strong>the</strong> lower river called it aqkoktlaqat, aname whose meaning is not certain. The name ‘Flatbow River’ comes from <strong>the</strong> name <strong>the</strong> Blackfeet used to call <strong>the</strong>Ktunaxa, for <strong>the</strong>ir ‘powerful, stylish bows’, <strong>and</strong> was later recorded by French-Canadian fur traders. “(266) Ref: Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia: “In 1808 David Thompson gave what isnow called <strong>the</strong> Kootenay River <strong>the</strong> name Mc Gillivray’s River, in honour of William <strong>and</strong> Duncan Mc Gillivray.”(267) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: The Pend d’ Oreilles are a tribe of NativeAmericans who lived around Lake Pend Oreille. It is named after <strong>the</strong> Pend d ' Oreilles tribe, whose name is Frenchfor "earring ", (literally "hangs in <strong>the</strong> ear"). ...(268) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: Charles Wilkes (April 3, 1798 – February 8, 1877) was an American navalofficer <strong>and</strong> explorer. He is particularly noted for leading <strong>the</strong> United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842 as wellas for his role in <strong>the</strong> Trent Affair during <strong>the</strong> Civil War.(269) Ref: Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia: “The early maps of <strong>the</strong> fur trade era show <strong>the</strong>Okanagan River as <strong>the</strong> ‘Caledonia River’, a name conferred as it was <strong>the</strong> connecting route between <strong>the</strong> ColumbiaDistrict <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> New Caledonia Fur District (which began north of Okanagan Lake). Fort Okanagan, a fur-tradingpost of <strong>the</strong> North West Company, was located at <strong>the</strong> river’s
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