confluence with <strong>the</strong> Columbia.”(270) No reference found for < Towahnakioks> a.k.a. Shutes River (riviere dux Chutes) o<strong>the</strong>r than in <strong>Oregon</strong> <strong>and</strong>California 1848 by Thornton.(271) Ref: cordell – Definition of cordelled at YourDictionary.com: Means to be pulled by a towrope,esp. as formerly used on Mississippi flatboats <strong>and</strong> keelboats.(272) Ref: Gospel Work in New York City: Some years prior to 1845, ''- young sea-captain, Rol<strong>and</strong> Gelston, wasconverted, <strong>and</strong> at once commenced a <strong>life</strong> of Christian activity, as a tract visitor among seamen, in <strong>the</strong> prosecution ofhis labors,”Ref: History of Benton County, <strong>Oregon</strong>: “A contract was made with Captain Rol<strong>and</strong> Gelston, of <strong>the</strong> bark Whitton, toconvey Mr. Thornton to Panama, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> vessel sailed at once for San Francisco <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>nce to San Juan on <strong>the</strong> coastof Lower California. Here <strong>the</strong> Captain informed his passenger that he must decline to fulfill his contract, as hedesired to engage in <strong>the</strong> coasting trade. From <strong>the</strong> perplexing dilemma he was extricated by Captain Montgomery,comm<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>the</strong> United States sloop of war, Portsmouth, <strong>the</strong>n lying at anchor in <strong>the</strong> harbor. This gentleman deemed<strong>the</strong> mission of Mr. Thornton of sufficient importance to <strong>the</strong> government to justify him in leaving his station <strong>and</strong>returning with his vessel to <strong>the</strong> Atlantic coast. He accordingly tendered <strong>the</strong> delegate <strong>the</strong> hospitalities of his cabin <strong>and</strong>set sail as soon as preparations could be made for <strong>the</strong> voyage. The Portsmouth arrived in Boston harbor on <strong>the</strong>second of May 1848, <strong>and</strong> Mr. Thornton at once <strong>has</strong>tened to Washington to consult with President Polk <strong>and</strong> SenatorsBenton <strong>and</strong> Douglas, those warm champions of <strong>Oregon</strong>, as to <strong>the</strong> proper course to pursue.”Ref: Statistics of California 1868, Part III: August 7th; Captain Rol<strong>and</strong> Gelston, who arrived in Sacramento fromNew York with <strong>the</strong> bark Whitton in April, 1849, <strong>and</strong> was afterward in business here <strong>and</strong> at San Francisco, died ofparalysis in San Francisco.(273) Ref: Transaction of <strong>the</strong> 1st Annual Reunion of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Oregon</strong> PioneerAssociation: “A Mr. Lattee, who was for a long time in <strong>the</strong> employ of <strong>the</strong> Hudson's Bay Company, informedyour memorialist that <strong>the</strong> Indians often brought to <strong>the</strong> trading post platina <strong>and</strong> silver ore from <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn extremityof Queen Charlotte's isl<strong>and</strong>. There are coal indications near <strong>the</strong> Dalles of <strong>the</strong> Columbia, <strong>and</strong> also upon <strong>the</strong> CowlitzRiver.”(274) Ref: Latin – English Dictionary: Translation: < Sic transit gloria mundi > “thus passes <strong>the</strong> glory of <strong>the</strong>world.”(275) Ref: First Across <strong>the</strong> Continent – Chapter XIX: With Faces turned….: “The mostimportant point in this region of <strong>the</strong> Columbia was named Wappatoo Isl<strong>and</strong> by <strong>the</strong> explorers. This is a large extentof country lying between <strong>the</strong> Willamette <strong>and</strong> an arm of <strong>the</strong> Columbia which <strong>the</strong>y called Wappatoo Inlet, but which isknown as Willamette Slough. It is twenty miles long <strong>and</strong> from five to ten miles wide…. The chief wealth of thisisl<strong>and</strong> consists of <strong>the</strong> numerous ponds in <strong>the</strong> interior, abounding with <strong>the</strong> common arrowhead (sagittaria sagittifolia)to <strong>the</strong> root of which is attached a bulb growing beneath it in <strong>the</strong> mud. This bulb, to which <strong>the</strong> Indians give <strong>the</strong> nameof wappatoo, is <strong>the</strong> great article of food, <strong>and</strong> almost <strong>the</strong> staple article of commerce on <strong>the</strong> Columbia.”(276) Ref: Hastings; A Description of <strong>Oregon</strong>; Chapter V: “Fort Vancouver; hospitalities of courtesy <strong>and</strong> kindnessof Dr. Mc Laughlin; of Mr. Douglass.” “A Mr. James Douglass, who is occasionally in charge of this fort, in <strong>the</strong>absence of <strong>the</strong> doctor, is also
an intelligent gentleman, <strong>and</strong> is alike courteous, kind <strong>and</strong> hospitable as <strong>the</strong> doctor.”(277) Ref: Kanaka – Definition of Kanaka at YourDictionary.com: Means a Hawaiian or a person born in<strong>the</strong> South Sea Isl<strong>and</strong> of Polynesian descent.(278) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: “Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal byNor<strong>the</strong>rn Pacific Railroad, is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere between coal <strong>and</strong> peat. It isconsidered <strong>the</strong> lowest rank of coal; it is mined in Germany, Russia, <strong>the</strong> United States, Australia <strong>and</strong> many Europeancountries, <strong>and</strong> it is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.”CHAPTER XVI(No notes)CHAPTER XVII(279) Ref: The American Almanac, Year Book, Cyclopaedia <strong>and</strong> Atlas: “On <strong>the</strong> 11th of May 1792, Captain Gray, of<strong>the</strong> American ship Columbia, entered <strong>the</strong> river, to which he gave <strong>the</strong> name of his ship. This gave to <strong>the</strong> United States<strong>the</strong> priority of claim to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Oregon</strong> region which <strong>the</strong>n comprised <strong>the</strong> States of Washington, <strong>Oregon</strong> <strong>and</strong> Idaho. InOctober of <strong>the</strong> same year an Englishman sailed up <strong>and</strong> examined <strong>the</strong> Columbia about 100 miles from <strong>the</strong> mouth.”Ref: Columbia River Pilots: “The Columbia River was discovered in 1792 by Boston fur trader Captain RobertGray. He named <strong>the</strong> river after his ship “Columbia”.(280) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: “Captain George Vancouver RN (June 22, 1757 – May 10, 1798) was an officerin <strong>the</strong> British Royal Navy, best known for his exploration of <strong>the</strong> North-West Coast of North America, including <strong>the</strong>shores of <strong>the</strong> modern day Alaska, British Columbia, Washington <strong>and</strong> <strong>Oregon</strong>.”(281) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: “William Robert Broughton was a British naval officer in <strong>the</strong> late 18th century.As a Lieutenant in <strong>the</strong> Royal Navy, he comm<strong>and</strong>ed HMS Chatham as part of <strong>the</strong> voyage of exploration through <strong>the</strong>Pacific Ocean led by Captain George Vancouver in <strong>the</strong> early 1790s.”(282) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: “John Jacob Astor (July 17, 1763 – March 29, 1848), born Johann Jakob orJohann Jacob Astor, was <strong>the</strong> first prominent member of <strong>the</strong> Astor family <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> first multi-millionaire in <strong>the</strong> UnitedStates. He was <strong>the</strong> creator of <strong>the</strong> first trust in America, from which he made his fortune in fur trading, real estate,<strong>and</strong> opium.”(283) Ref: Columbia Encyclopedia: “James Biddle, 1783-1848, U.S. naval officer <strong>and</strong> diplomat, b. Philadelphia. Hebecame a midshipman in 1800. At <strong>the</strong> beginning of <strong>the</strong> War of 1812 he was first lieutenant on <strong>the</strong> Wasp; he latercomm<strong>and</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> sloop Hornet. Sent out in <strong>the</strong> Ontario in 1817, he took formal possession of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Oregon</strong> country for<strong>the</strong> United States in 1818.”
- Page 1 and 2: Don Ubben has been researching the
- Page 3: Buchanan, of Lexington, Ky., joined
- Page 7 and 8: (32) Edwin Bryant, also makes menti
- Page 9 and 10: On Dec. 23, 1819 Harriet married (2
- Page 11 and 12: William S. Clark left Independence
- Page 13 and 14: Lee Co., VA). James & Hannah moved
- Page 15 and 16: Dorintha Shaunce, was born Feb. 13,
- Page 17 and 18: Chimney Rock is 4,226 feet (1,288 m
- Page 19 and 20: 1870 at Rosebud Indian Reservation,
- Page 21 and 22: with the formula NaHCO3. Sodium bic
- Page 23 and 24: was a matter of pure chance that th
- Page 25 and 26: (141) Ref: Ribes irriguum-Plants Fo
- Page 27 and 28: (153) Ref: Emigrants to Oregon in 1
- Page 29 and 30: southern route into Oregon Territor
- Page 31 and 32: wagons.” William D. had already d
- Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER X(183) William Stokes was b
- Page 35 and 36: York Supreme Court, in 1804 Chief J
- Page 37 and 38: (204) Ref: Brittanica Encyclopedia:
- Page 39 and 40: (214) Ref: The Applegate Trail Inte
- Page 41 and 42: Benjamin born in 1818; died in 1852
- Page 43 and 44: (247) Ref: Latin - Definition and M
- Page 45: greatest explorers. The maps he dre
- Page 49 and 50: and pioneer in the Oregon Country i
- Page 51 and 52: Scrophulariaceae, but following rec
- Page 53 and 54: (323) Ref: Fourth edition of Rev. S
- Page 55 and 56: celandine of the poppy family Papav
- Page 57 and 58: species, etc.”(362) Ref: Wikipedi