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Don Ubben has been researching the life and ... - Oregon Pioneers

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an intelligent gentleman, <strong>and</strong> is alike courteous, kind <strong>and</strong> hospitable as <strong>the</strong> doctor.”(277) Ref: Kanaka – Definition of Kanaka at YourDictionary.com: Means a Hawaiian or a person born in<strong>the</strong> South Sea Isl<strong>and</strong> of Polynesian descent.(278) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: “Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal byNor<strong>the</strong>rn Pacific Railroad, is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere between coal <strong>and</strong> peat. It isconsidered <strong>the</strong> lowest rank of coal; it is mined in Germany, Russia, <strong>the</strong> United States, Australia <strong>and</strong> many Europeancountries, <strong>and</strong> it is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.”CHAPTER XVI(No notes)CHAPTER XVII(279) Ref: The American Almanac, Year Book, Cyclopaedia <strong>and</strong> Atlas: “On <strong>the</strong> 11th of May 1792, Captain Gray, of<strong>the</strong> American ship Columbia, entered <strong>the</strong> river, to which he gave <strong>the</strong> name of his ship. This gave to <strong>the</strong> United States<strong>the</strong> priority of claim to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Oregon</strong> region which <strong>the</strong>n comprised <strong>the</strong> States of Washington, <strong>Oregon</strong> <strong>and</strong> Idaho. InOctober of <strong>the</strong> same year an Englishman sailed up <strong>and</strong> examined <strong>the</strong> Columbia about 100 miles from <strong>the</strong> mouth.”Ref: Columbia River Pilots: “The Columbia River was discovered in 1792 by Boston fur trader Captain RobertGray. He named <strong>the</strong> river after his ship “Columbia”.(280) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: “Captain George Vancouver RN (June 22, 1757 – May 10, 1798) was an officerin <strong>the</strong> British Royal Navy, best known for his exploration of <strong>the</strong> North-West Coast of North America, including <strong>the</strong>shores of <strong>the</strong> modern day Alaska, British Columbia, Washington <strong>and</strong> <strong>Oregon</strong>.”(281) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: “William Robert Broughton was a British naval officer in <strong>the</strong> late 18th century.As a Lieutenant in <strong>the</strong> Royal Navy, he comm<strong>and</strong>ed HMS Chatham as part of <strong>the</strong> voyage of exploration through <strong>the</strong>Pacific Ocean led by Captain George Vancouver in <strong>the</strong> early 1790s.”(282) Ref: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: “John Jacob Astor (July 17, 1763 – March 29, 1848), born Johann Jakob orJohann Jacob Astor, was <strong>the</strong> first prominent member of <strong>the</strong> Astor family <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> first multi-millionaire in <strong>the</strong> UnitedStates. He was <strong>the</strong> creator of <strong>the</strong> first trust in America, from which he made his fortune in fur trading, real estate,<strong>and</strong> opium.”(283) Ref: Columbia Encyclopedia: “James Biddle, 1783-1848, U.S. naval officer <strong>and</strong> diplomat, b. Philadelphia. Hebecame a midshipman in 1800. At <strong>the</strong> beginning of <strong>the</strong> War of 1812 he was first lieutenant on <strong>the</strong> Wasp; he latercomm<strong>and</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> sloop Hornet. Sent out in <strong>the</strong> Ontario in 1817, he took formal possession of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Oregon</strong> country for<strong>the</strong> United States in 1818.”

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