The-Hindus-An-Alternative-History---Wendy-Doniger

Recommendations

Info

THE PENGUIN PRESSPublished by the Penguin GroupPenguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. • PenguinGroup (Canada),90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of PearsonPenguin CanadaInc.) • Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England • Penguin Ireland, 25 St.Stephen’s Green,Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) • Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250Camberwell Road,Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) • PenguinBooks India Pvt Ltd,11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi - 110 017, India • Penguin Group (NZ), 67Apollo Drive,Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) • PenguinBooks (South Africa)(Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South AfricaPenguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices:80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, EnglandFirst published in 2009 by The Penguin Press,a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.Copyright © Wendy Doniger, 2009All rights reservedAcknowledgments for permission to reprint copyrighted worksappear on page 754.Illustration credits appear on page 754.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataDoniger, Wendy.The Hindus : an alternative history / Wendy Doniger.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.eISBN : 978-1-101-02870-41. Hinduism—Social aspects—History. 2. Women in Hinduism—History.3. Pariahs in Hinduism—History.
Page 2 and 3: Table of ContentsTitle PageCopyrigh
Page 4 and 5: CHAPTER 20 - HINDUISM UNDER THE MUG
Page 8 and 9: 4. Hinduism—Relations. I. Title.B
Page 10 and 11: INDIA FROM 600 CE TO 1600 CE
Page 14 and 15: PREFACE:THE MAN OR THE RABBITIN THE
Page 16 and 17: with all the other chapters, as wel
Page 18 and 19: eventually became Sanskritized them
Page 20 and 21: Nonviolence became a cultural ideal
Page 22 and 23: Hindus call a sati), we must try to
Page 24 and 25: The first European scholars of Indi
Page 26 and 27: oader-based Sanskrit traditions tha
Page 28 and 29: the front of the linga was covered
Page 30 and 31: upon them and even to reverse them.
Page 32 and 33: center, which we will refer to as t
Page 36 and 37: my adult life in the paddy fields o
Page 38 and 39: though in actual practice the OBCs
Page 40 and 41: horse is always the foreigner in In
Page 42 and 43: to say whether some of the central
Page 44 and 45: Hinduism, and I think it is a Good
Page 46 and 47: oke off from land (Australia/Africa
Page 48 and 49: in the form of the Milky Way in hea
Page 50 and 51: out the mare fire that is always on
Page 52 and 53: functioned, throughout history, les
Page 54 and 55: “Pashupati” Seal (Seal 420).In
Page 56 and 57:
ancient Iran that was closely linke
Page 58 and 59:
to-day. 31 He also noted a figure o
Page 60 and 61:
on his left, while on his right a t
Page 62 and 63:
is symbolic; not every woman is a g
Page 64 and 65:
a widespread priesthood. 93 Well, i
Page 66 and 67:
classical texts of the Brahmins des
Page 68 and 69:
WORDS WITHOUT THINGSWhat was the re
Page 70 and 71:
allow us to reconstruct a *Proto-In
Page 72 and 73:
answers have thrown their hats into
Page 74 and 75:
It is hard work to fit the ruins of
Page 76 and 77:
horseback (Guess One), for one coul
Page 78 and 79:
the ideas were preserved, the chain
Page 80 and 81:
the flat, square mud altars for the
Page 82 and 83:
The verses served as mantras (words
Page 84 and 85:
the antigods, who wish humans to be
Page 86 and 87:
feminine form of the word, Prithivi
Page 88 and 89:
But the more important social divis
Page 90 and 91:
who comes from the outside, an intr
Page 92 and 93:
supernatural creatures, ogres, such
Page 94 and 95:
was born, and from male dexterity (
Page 96 and 97:
sacrificial fire and the sacrificia
Page 98 and 99:
or even a beast of prey, may Agni w
Page 100 and 101:
(shakhas), had been well establishe
Page 102 and 103:
warrior stood on the left of the tw
Page 104 and 105:
as a relatively simple ritual at th
Page 106 and 107:
vulnerable (eventually immobilized,
Page 108 and 109:
the horse sacrifice. 48 For “the
Page 110 and 111:
The sacrificial rice cake is a subs
Page 112 and 113:
left longing for her, with a vague
Page 114 and 115:
human life, any compelling insight
Page 116 and 117:
accidentally burden humans with evi
Page 118 and 119:
Brahmanas, meditations on the meani
Page 120 and 121:
leaves. The Upanishads spell out th
Page 122 and 123:
fathers, into the moon. There they
Page 124 and 125:
paths.THE PATH OF SMOKE: THE PLEASU
Page 126 and 127:
coming from nonexistence (10.72.1-5
Page 128 and 129:
homeless person or a street person.
Page 130 and 131:
Brahmins must have been the source,
Page 132 and 133:
most impure of animals, impersonate
Page 134 and 135:
householders would, in time of war,
Page 136 and 137:
skepticism about yogis in general i
Page 138 and 139:
taxonomies often linked key concept
Page 140 and 141:
this text; there is a specific puni
Page 142 and 143:
Trio for Kshatriyas; and artha for
Page 144 and 145:
to hierarchize, throughout classica
Page 146 and 147:
of this chapter. At the same time,
Page 148 and 149:
subsequent history of this period.I
Page 150 and 151:
officiating at the sacrifice and re
Page 152 and 153:
you put these ideas together, you e
Page 154 and 155:
vanished again into the earth, this
Page 156 and 157:
particularly, Sita was born when Ja
Page 158 and 159:
Bala-Ramayana, the ogress Shurpanak
Page 160 and 161:
human. I must speak with a human to
Page 162 and 163:
his brother’s wife.This is the se
Page 164 and 165:
engaged in terminal yoga. Then a fi
Page 166 and 167:
oppressed by hegemonic Brahmins rep
Page 168 and 169:
way; his relatives could eat at hom
Page 170 and 171:
IndiaYUDHISHTHIRA’S DILEMMAKing Y
Page 172 and 173:
within the Ganges plain, the heart
Page 174 and 175:
Despite (or because of) the rise of
Page 176 and 177:
and that place, up in the Punjab. T
Page 178 and 179:
Brahmin rather than a Kshatriya pro
Page 180 and 181:
also explicitly addresses) or even,
Page 182 and 183:
supplement, or sometimes even to re
Page 184 and 185:
guests depart. A mongoose came out
Page 186 and 187:
when he refused to break his vow to
Page 188 and 189:
appropriate to Krishna’s quasi-Br
Page 190 and 191:
four classes. As some professions w
Page 192 and 193:
something about this. He took Arjun
Page 194 and 195:
tuition gift, but a Hindu puja), co
Page 196 and 197:
adopted him and raised him as their
Page 198 and 199:
contention. Indeed Pandu tells Kunt
Page 200 and 201:
supervised work, such as spinning y
Page 202 and 203:
of Diversity, a time of rich cultur
Page 204 and 205:
dhamma and but to extend it. Dharma
Page 206 and 207:
work cut out for them. Varna and ja
Page 208 and 209:
about either class or caste. The Ar
Page 210 and 211:
The passage with which this chapter
Page 212 and 213:
secret agent dissuade him from them
Page 214 and 215:
effort, he could get out of it. Fre
Page 216 and 217:
had some other resources. Diamonds
Page 218 and 219:
her (3.2.10-11). Here, as usual, wh
Page 220 and 221:
type as people of a “third nature
Page 222 and 223:
CHRONOLOGY 1 c. 300 BCE Greeks and
Page 224 and 225:
Tamil as a literary language appear
Page 226:
you” (about Yudhishthira’s dog)
Page 229 and 230:
great deal of war booty, including
Page 231 and 232:
poems praised the king’s ancestor
Page 233 and 234:
Gender and sexuality are front and
Page 235 and 236:
into the fire of her ordeal.Even th
Page 237 and 238:
privilege, and wealth, seek dishono
Page 239 and 240:
Jainas in South India, though there
Page 241 and 242:
Shiva, the five lingas replacing th
Page 243 and 244:
first was certainly not; a person h
Page 245 and 246:
dates. The astronomer and mathemati
Page 247 and 248:
he says he knew it all along (1.64-
Page 249 and 250:
ecumenism. Gupta emperors dedicated
Page 251 and 252:
Brahmins’ own household stories.T
Page 253 and 254:
and power made us cup our hands in
Page 255 and 256:
of Zeus, in a complex myth that inc
Page 257 and 258:
jackals) and absorbs all the gods
Page 259 and 260:
and his goddess, and on another, th
Page 261 and 262:
But the original Parvati, who conta
Page 263 and 264:
cursed Indra, saying, “From today
Page 265 and 266:
one special place.For the moral dil
Page 267 and 268:
Chinese Buddhist traveler Xuan Zang
Page 269 and 270:
Pashupatas were perfectly sober and
Page 271 and 272:
confusion of time cycles, for it no
Page 273 and 274:
pansy (kliba) but misery to a hero.
Page 275 and 276:
There are several different sorts o
Page 277 and 278:
terms begin with an m in Sanskrit),
Page 279 and 280:
householders. Since we don’t have
Page 281 and 282:
this philosophical approach argues
Page 283 and 284:
What’s in it for the women? (once
Page 285 and 286:
the right ear of the animal, the sa
Page 287 and 288:
Kailasanatha temple to Shiva in the
Page 289 and 290:
The Temple of the Sun at Konarak, i
Page 291 and 292:
was never a center for religion. He
Page 293 and 294:
fought again, and established a bas
Page 295 and 296:
in bringing Arabs and Turks (and, w
Page 297 and 298:
vandalize the city’s most revered
Page 299 and 300:
administration, militia, manufactur
Page 301 and 302:
Pariah leatherworker (Chamar); Dadu
Page 303 and 304:
that only someone who could recite
Page 305 and 306:
The Vijayanagar kings used their pl
Page 307 and 308:
twelfth-century Kalyana. 160 Much o
Page 309 and 310:
Some of the new avatars were assimi
Page 311 and 312:
of sleep took the form of the godde
Page 313 and 314:
But Rama seems to forget what he ha
Page 315 and 316:
he wants beauty. 37 The Matsya Pura
Page 317 and 318:
Age when he becomes the Buddha to d
Page 319 and 320:
is the Puranas’ coded way of talk
Page 321 and 322:
equired a shift in the shape of the
Page 323 and 324:
half of the complaint, that heaven
Page 325 and 326:
Another dog blesses the sinner who
Page 327 and 328:
Hindu myth and ritual, in part beca
Page 329 and 330:
India today; his argument that the
Page 331 and 332:
Ramanuja are equally mythological:
Page 333 and 334:
with the soul but connected to the
Page 335 and 336:
than is conventionally understood.
Page 337 and 338:
instructed him and enlightened him,
Page 339 and 340:
Shaiva frame: A curse, rather than
Page 341 and 342:
The enlightened ruler in this passa
Page 343 and 344:
HUMAYUN THE ASTRONOMER AND ASTROLOG
Page 345 and 346:
Muslim enemy. He married the daught
Page 347 and 348:
Dara Shikoh (also spelled Shukoh) w
Page 349 and 350:
e taken by the Afghans we should cu
Page 351 and 352:
any living creature with his own ha
Page 353 and 354:
marriage, some because they believe
Page 355 and 356:
made of the Yoga-vasishtha, and Dar
Page 357 and 358:
orn again and again as a child on e
Page 359 and 360:
decided, in 1717, that adulterous l
Page 361 and 362:
Jodhpur, the city from which the ri
Page 363 and 364:
Brahmanas. Moreover, coconuts do no
Page 365 and 366:
One strong hint that much of mediev
Page 367 and 368:
than marry them. Tulsibai, a Mahara
Page 369 and 370:
king had become a god, when the dis
Page 371 and 372:
many texts that were produced, and
Page 373 and 374:
hierarchy. 10 The British therefore
Page 375 and 376:
Anti-British feeling even in the la
Page 377 and 378:
meddling, arrogant missionaries tau
Page 379 and 380:
ights of the East India Company; sh
Page 381 and 382:
human race.” Hindu science and co
Page 383 and 384:
affect and often harm the people th
Page 385 and 386:
colonized. 81 This group of Indians
Page 387 and 388:
was regarded as the source of every
Page 389 and 390:
SHALLOW ORIENTALISMThe sense of sin
Page 391 and 392:
said to come from “dark wombs”
Page 393 and 394:
place1947 Independence and Partitio
Page 395 and 396:
honor her husband and her family or
Page 397 and 398:
on women’s rights to property (a
Page 399 and 400:
In 1680 the Governor of Madras prev
Page 401 and 402:
Purana, false accounts, and poetic
Page 403 and 404:
esolve. But this practice drew not
Page 405 and 406:
keep at bay.” The Hinduism to whi
Page 407 and 408:
Fast-forward: In the 1990s, in Dobb
Page 409 and 410:
orally, because on the forms you ha
Page 411 and 412:
going up and up until out of sight
Page 413 and 414:
Thus American Hindus, despite build
Page 415 and 416:
chanting of passages from—what el
Page 417 and 418:
Hindus do. Some have excoriated oth
Page 419 and 420:
would be allowed to have in most of
Page 421 and 422:
I’ve taken the contemporary insta
Page 423 and 424:
today, have insisted that all cows
Page 425 and 426:
named Selvi who was then bathed and
Page 427 and 428:
December 6, 1992, as the police sto
Page 429 and 430:
calling them “red monkeys,” and
Page 431 and 432:
other objects in the office, as med
Page 433 and 434:
emembered the house of lac, and an
Page 435 and 436:
A village temple was said to have l
Page 437 and 438:
Mumbai by swimming the idol out int
Page 439 and 440:
A Herd of Laughing Clay Horses from
Page 441 and 442:
The impermanence of the paintings i
Page 443 and 444:
Medical Services Offered to the Ric
Page 445 and 446:
of Hindus, have simultaneously enha
Page 447 and 448:
c. 50,000 Stone Age cultures arisec
Page 449 and 450:
1210-1526 The Delhi Sultanate is in
Page 451 and 452:
POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONSABVP: Akhil
Page 453 and 454:
Chaitanya: Bengali saint, 1486-1533
Page 455 and 456:
Kamsa: king who devoted his life to
Page 457 and 458:
Nastikas : “people who say, ‘It
Page 459 and 460:
Sagara: a king whose sons dug out t
Page 461 and 462:
Tiruvacakam: “the sacred word”:
Page 463 and 464:
7 Narayana Rao, “ Hinduism: The U
Page 465 and 466:
18 Ronojoy Sen, Legalizing Religion
Page 467 and 468:
55 Mistry, Such a Long Journey, 183
Page 469 and 470:
29 Das Gupta, Malabar Nation Trade.
Page 471 and 472:
19 Farmer, Sproat, and Witzel, “T
Page 473 and 474:
64 S. R. Rao, Dawn and Devolution o
Page 475 and 476:
110 Wolpert, India, 17.CHAPTER 4 :
Page 477 and 478:
42 Flood, Introduction, 34.43 Keay,
Page 479 and 480:
Origins of Evil, 321-48.23 Doniger
Page 481 and 482:
66 Flood, Introduction, 179; West,
Page 483 and 484:
Violence, 17-18. The mantra is from
Page 485 and 486:
72 Doniger O’Flaherty, Textual So
Page 487 and 488:
7 Derrett, Dharmasastra and Juridic
Page 489 and 490:
50 Heesterman, The Inner Conflict.5
Page 491 and 492:
6 Thapar, Early India, 143.7 Mitter
Page 493 and 494:
49 Ramayana 7, appendix 1, no. 8, l
Page 495 and 496:
35 Scharf, Ramopakhayana.36 Harold
Page 497 and 498:
13 Ghurye, The Scheduled Tribes; Sr
Page 499 and 500:
23 Ibid., 127.24 Thapar, Early Indi
Page 501 and 502:
11 Mitter, Indian Art, 49.12 Nath,
Page 503 and 504:
57 Ramanujan, Speaking of Siva, 131
Page 505 and 506:
99 Thapar: Cultural Transaction, 17
Page 507 and 508:
27 Mitter, Indian Art, 45-47.28 Kea
Page 509 and 510:
69 Harivamsha 118.11-39.70 Commenta
Page 511 and 512:
30 Doniger O’Flaherty, The Origin
Page 513 and 514:
74 Ibid., 159.75 Ibid., xii.76 Maha
Page 515 and 516:
119 Mitter, Indian Art, 81.120 Whit
Page 517 and 518:
38 Ibid., 242.39 Ibid., 235.40 Ibid
Page 519 and 520:
84 Ibid., 241, citing Ferishta.85 M
Page 521 and 522:
128 Hess, The Bijak, no. 30, 51.129
Page 523 and 524:
4 Kirfel, Kosmologie.5 Thapar, Earl
Page 525 and 526:
48 Holt, The Buddhist Vishnu.49 Hun
Page 527 and 528:
94 Bhagavata Purana 7.1.29-30; 10.4
Page 529 and 530:
36 Agni Purana 27.17-28.37 Beck,
Page 531 and 532:
24 Amartya Sen, Foreword to K. M. S
Page 533 and 534:
70 Keay, India, 295.71 Babur, Babur
Page 535 and 536:
114 Narayana Rao, “Multiple Liter
Page 537 and 538:
28 Ibid., xix, xiv, 119.29 Tukaram,
Page 539 and 540:
69 Subrahmanyam, “Friday’s Chil
Page 541 and 542:
8 Keay, India, 4479 Metcalf, A Conc
Page 543 and 544:
52 Powell, Muslims and Missionaries
Page 545 and 546:
95 The Whig Morning Chronicle, cite
Page 547 and 548:
8 Courtright, “The Iconographies
Page 549 and 550:
53 The material in the next six par
Page 551 and 552:
20 Tolputt, The Cartoon Kama Sutra,
Page 553 and 554:
27 I owe this concern, and much of
Page 555 and 556:
65 Anand and Zelliot, Anthology of
Page 557 and 558:
Adhyatma-Ramayana, with the comment
Page 559 and 560:
Ramacaritamanasa of Tulsi Das [The
Page 561 and 562:
Banerji, S. C. Studies in the Mahap
Page 563 and 564:
Chand, Tek. Liquor Menace in India.
Page 565 and 566:
Desai, Devangana. The Religious Ima
Page 567 and 568:
Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 1993.—
Page 569 and 570:
Farmer, Steve. “Mythological Func
Page 571 and 572:
From the Margins of Hindu Marriage:
Page 573 and 574:
Press, 1983.———. Three Bhakti
Page 575 and 576:
Joh, Wonhee Anne. Heart of the Cros
Page 577 and 578:
———. “Moksa.” In Mittal a
Page 579 and 580:
———. “Who Invented Hinduism
Page 581 and 582:
Michell, George. Hindu Art and Arch
Page 583 and 584:
Nizami. The Story of Layla and Majn
Page 585 and 586:
Los Angeles, London: University of
Page 587 and 588:
1993.Richman, Paula. “E. V. Ramas
Page 589 and 590:
Sen, Kshiti Mohan. Hinduism. London
Page 591 and 592:
Clarendon Press, 1952.———. So
Page 593 and 594:
Journal of the Institute for the St
Page 595 and 596:
Journal of Indian Philosophy 33 (20
Page 597 and 598:
Page numbers in italics refer to il
Page 599 and 600:
in Bhimbetka cave paintingsdomestic
Page 601 and 602:
Baker, DeborahBakr-Id festivalBalar
Page 603 and 604:
Blavatsky, HelenaBlood Seed (Raktab
Page 605 and 606:
demonization ofin Harsha eraHinduis
Page 607 and 608:
Chetwode, PhilipChicago Daily Tribu
Page 609 and 610:
“Deeds of the Ten Avatars” (Ksh
Page 611 and 612:
Dyer, Reginald“Dynasty of Vishnu,
Page 613 and 614:
Ghaznavid EmpireGhorid (nuclear mis
Page 615 and 616:
HerodotusHidimbi (ogress)Hijras (se
Page 617 and 618:
Husain, Ala-ud-dinHuxley, AldousIbn
Page 619 and 620:
in Indiain Mughal EmpireRaj andreco
Page 621 and 622:
Kama (god) Shiva andKama-sutraAims
Page 623 and 624:
death ofin MahabharataMirabai poem
Page 625 and 626:
madya (fermented grapes, wine)Magad
Page 627 and 628:
Man-Lion (avatar of Vishnu)Prahlada
Page 629 and 630:
Mohini (female form of Vishnu)moksh
Page 631 and 632:
Narada (sage)Narasimha (avatar of V
Page 633 and 634:
Pallars (caste)Pallava dynastyPalm
Page 635 and 636:
Puranasaccidental grace theme inani
Page 637 and 638:
Valin killed byVijayanagar worship
Page 639 and 640:
horse sacrifice inhumans-gods allia
Page 641 and 642:
court poetry andEuropean translatio
Page 643 and 644:
marriage inon medicinerange of subj
Page 645 and 646:
Smith, Willsmriti (body of literatu
Page 647 and 648:
women andtapas (inner heat)Tara, Qu
Page 649 and 650:
Turks (Turuskas)Turner, TinaTvashtr
Page 651 and 652:
languages ofvegetarianismin Brahman
Page 653 and 654:
in Gupta EmpireHinduism andhorse sa
Page 655 and 656:
South Asians continue to devise cre
Page 657 and 658:
the essential straight man for the
Page 659 and 660:
axMarshall was dying to excavate be
Page 661 and 662:
unable to produce his own heirs.btT
Page 663 and 664:
ctIf the Buddha died in around 400
Page 665 and 666:
goddesses, chose Aphrodite (= Kama)
Page 667 and 668:
Indian aesthetic theory had a great
Page 669 and 670:
says that he hurls cruel, hateful m
Page 671 and 672:
gtThe reference to Solomon’s brin
Page 673 and 674:
eflect classic Tantric concerns.htS
Page 675 and 676:
itThis is the first citation of the
Page 677 and 678:
One man’s freedom fighter is anot
Page 679 and 680:
Pakistan, with a Muslim majority. T
Page 681 and 682:
sometimes fifty, that you can trave
show all

The-Hindus-An-Alternative-History---Wendy-Doniger

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?