The Digital Fact Book - Quantel

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IEEE 802.3Standard that defines wired Ethernet.See: grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/index.htmlIEEE 1394 (a.k.a. FireWire, I-Link)A standard for a peer-to-peer serial digital interface which can operate at 100, 200, 400or 800 Mb/s. IEEE 1394a specifies working up to 400 Mb/s, typically over copper cablesup to 4.5 meters in length with six-pin connectors. Consumerdevices use a four-pin connector.Extenders increase the maximum distance from 4.5 meters on copper cables up to about100 meters on glass optical fiber.IEEE 1394b extends both data rate and distance: up to 1.6Gb/s on shielded twisted paircable up to 4.5m, and has architecture to support 3.2Gb/s over 100m on optical fiber.Practically it can send A/V media over 100m of Cat-5 cable at 100 Mb/s. Consumersconnect DV devices over longer distances using readily available low cost cables. IEEE 1394chas a data rate to 800 Mb/s over Cat5 cable and combines 1394 and GigE on one cable.IHigh speed and low cost of IEEE 1394a and b make it popular in multimedia and digitalvideo applications. Uses include peer-to-peer connections for digital dub editing betweencamcorders, as well as interfacing VCRs, printers, PCs, TVs and digital cameras.IEEE 1394 is recognised by SMPTE and EBU as a networking technology for transport ofpacketized video and audio. Its isochronous data channel can provide guaranteed bandwidthfor frame-accurate realtime (and faster) transfers of video and audio while its asynchronousmode can carry metadata and support I/P. Both modes may be run simultaneously.See also: Asynchronous, IsochronousWebsite: www.1394ta.org105
I-frame only (a.k.a. I-only)A video compression scheme in which every frame is intra-frame (I-frames) compressed,i.e. individually defined and does not depend on any other frames for decoding. <strong>The</strong>re are noP (predictive) or B (bi-directional) frames in such compression schemes. This is consideredpreferable for studio use as edits can be made on any frame boundaries without necessarilyinvolving processing.All DV compression is I-frame only. MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 with a GOP of 1 is I-frame only.For example these are used in Sony’s IMX VTRs and HDCAM SR respectively. JPEG 2000is I-frame only.ISee also: Cut (edit), D11, GOP, Intra-frame (compression), JPEG 2000, MPEG-2, MPEG-4I-LinkSee IEEE 1394Illegal colorsColors that lie outside the limits, or gamut, of a particular color space. <strong>The</strong>se can be generatedwhen moving images from one color space to another, as they all have different boundaries,or as the result of color processing. For example, removing the luminance from a high intensityblue or adding luminance to a strong yellow in a paint system may well send a subsequentPAL or NTSC coded signal too high or low – producing at least inferior results and maybecausing technical problems. Out-of-gamut detectors can be used to warn of possible problemsand correction is also available. Some broadcasters reject material with illegal colors.IMXSee D10InfiniBandInfiniBand defines an input/output architecture that can connect servers, communicationsinfrastructure equipment, storage and embedded systems. It can achieve data transfers upto 120GB/s over copper and optical fiber connections, with the benefits of low latency andonly requiring a low processing overhead. It is used in many data centers, high-performancecomputer clusters and embedded applications that scale from two nodes up to a singlecluster that interconnect thousands of nodes.INGIT-News Gathering – coined by Panasonic to highlight their use of Secure Data (SD) memoryas the in-camera media store for their DVCPRO P2 (P2 Cam) news cameras.See also: DV, ENG106
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The Digital Fact BookConverged medi
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Extract from a letter from Michael
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Quantel and digital technologyIn 19
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2003 QColor - powerful in-context c
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Abbreviationsbit b kilobit kbbits p
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Digital terms0:2:2See: Dual Link100
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13.5 MHzThis is the sampling freque
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3:2 Pull-down (a.k.a. 2:3 Pull-down
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4:2:0A sampling system used to digi
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A4KSee Film formats5.1 AudioSee Dis
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AActive pictureThe area of a TV fra
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AAliasingUndesirable ‘beating’
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AArchiveLong-term storage of inform
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AAspect ratio1. - of pictures. The
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AAVCHDAdvanced Video Codec High Def
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BBandwidthThe amount of information
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BBit (b)Binary digIT = bitOne mathe
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BBroadbandGeneral term referring to
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CCamera negative (film)Camera negat
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CChrominanceThe colorpart of a tele
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CCOFDMCoded Orthogonal Frequency Di
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CColor Transform Language (CTL)Colo
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CCommon Image Format (CIF)The ITU h
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CCompression ratioThe ratio of the
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CConsolidationClearing continuous s
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CCo-sited samplingThis is a samplin
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DD2A VTR standard for digital compo
Page 55 and 56: DatacastingBroadcasting data.See: I
Page 57 and 58: DefragmentationSee FragmentationDDe
Page 59 and 60: DensityThe density (D) of a film is
Page 61 and 62: Digital BetacamSee: BetacamDDigital
Page 63 and 64: DDigital keying and chroma keyingDi
Page 65 and 66: DD-ILADigital Direct Drive Image Li
Page 67 and 68: DDitherIn digital television, analo
Page 69 and 70: DDMD(Texas Instruments Inc.) Digita
Page 71 and 72: DDown-resDecreasing the size of vid
Page 73 and 74: DDual linkThe bandwidth of SDI and
Page 75 and 76: DDVBDigitalVideo Broadcasting,the g
Page 77 and 78: DTo maximize quality and playing ti
Page 79 and 80: DDynamic Rounding ®Dynamic Roundin
Page 81 and 82: EElectronic program guides (EPG)DTV
Page 83 and 84: EEthernetEthernet is a form of Loca
Page 85 and 86: Fibre Channel (FC)An integrated set
Page 87 and 88: Format Width mm Height mmFull Frame
Page 89 and 90: Flash - double and tripleDouble fla
Page 91 and 92: FFrame-rate conversionThe process o
Page 93 and 94: Generation lossThe signal degradati
Page 95 and 96: Grading (a.k.a. color timing)Gradin
Page 97 and 98: H.264See: MPEG-4HANAHigh-Definition
Page 99 and 100: HDShort for HDTV.HHDCAMAssigned D11
Page 101 and 102: HDR, HDRIHigh Dynamic Range Imaging
Page 103 and 104: HIPPIHigh performance parallel inte
Page 105: HVDHolographic versatile disk - a
Page 109 and 110: Inter-frame (compression)Compressio
Page 111 and 112: Interpolation (spatial)Defining the
Page 113 and 114: IP over DVBThe delivery of IP data
Page 115 and 116: ITU-R BT.601This standard defines t
Page 117 and 118: JPEG 2000 (.JP2)This is an image co
Page 119 and 120: Latency (of data)The delay between
Page 121 and 122: Linear (keying)In linear keying the
Page 123 and 124: MasterThe master of an edited progr
Page 125 and 126: MoiréRefers to a distortion that a
Page 127 and 128: MPEG-2ISO/IEC 13818. A family of in
Page 129 and 130: MPEG-4ISO/IEC 14496. MPEG-4 covers
Page 131 and 132: MPEG-21Started in June 2001, workon
Page 133 and 134: MXFThe Material eXchange Format, SM
Page 135 and 136: Non drop-frame timecodeTimecode tha
Page 137 and 138: Offline (editing)A decision-making
Page 139 and 140: Over samplingSampling information a
Page 141 and 142: PerfShort for perforations. It is a
Page 143 and 144: Progressive (scan)Method of scannin
Page 145 and 146: RAIDRedundant Array of Independent
Page 147 and 148: Resolution co-existenceTerm coined
Page 149 and 150: RS 422Not to be confused with 4:2:2
Page 151 and 152: However, in practice it can be diff
Page 153 and 154: SDKSoftware Developers Kit. Typical
Page 155 and 156: Server (file)A storage system that
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SNMPSimple Network Management Proto
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StEMStandard Evaluation Material wa
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StopA ratio of amount of light wher
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2K and 4K2K is a format used in dig
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Sub-pixelA spatial resolution small
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Table 3 (ATSC)Table 3 of the ATSC D
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Technical gradeA technical grade is
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True random accessQuantel term for
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UnicodeUnicode allows computers to
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VC-1VC-1 is a video codec specifica
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VersioningIn recent times demand fo
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VSBVestigial Sideband modulation -
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Windows MediaAudio and video compre
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Y, Cr, CbThe digital luminance and
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‘601’ describes sampling at sta
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Sampling (clock) frequencyThe (cloc
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Perfect results?Today the whole ana
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CameraCamera negativesRush prints v
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White paper - Stereoscopic 3D postS
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As well as these problems, there ar
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Finally, the most important require
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Standards onlineEBU offers many doc
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DirectoryAESThe Audio Engineering S
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Quantel contacts and addressesUKQua
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Compass, Enterprise sQ, eQ, FrameMa
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The Digital Fact Book - Quantel

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