The Digital Fact Book - Quantel

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MTFThe Modulation Transfer Function is a measure of spatial resolving power. It can refer to amedium, such as film, ora lens, orany part of the scene-to-screen chain. It is akin to frequencyresponse in electronic images. To assess the MTF of film, it is exposed to special test imagescomprising sine wave bars of successively higher frequencies. The results on the processedfilm are assessed by measuring its density over microscopically small areas to obtainpeak-to-trough values for the different frequencies. These results should then be correctedto allow for the response of the lens, the test film itself and any D/Log E non-linearities.In a practical film system, the film images pass through many components including thecamera lens, intermediate stocks and contact printing to the projection lens. Each of thesehas its own MTF and the system MTF can be calculated as follows.MTF system = MTF1 x MTF2 x MTF3 etc…See also: Resolving powerMultimediaThe presentation of more than one medium. Strictly speaking TV is multimedia (if you havethe sound up). More typically it is pictures (moving and still), sound and often text combinedin an interactive environment. This implies the use of computers, with the significant amountof data this requires usually supplied either on CD-ROM or via a data link. ‘Surfing the net’is an example. High compression ratios are used to allow the use of pictures. One of the firstapplications was in education; now it is commonly seen at home via the Internet or DVDs.MMultimedia has a wide meaning. Another example is in the production of material which ispublished in many forms. Forexample pictures from television productions can be transferredto print for listings magazines, to EPGs and to advertising. Such transfers are commonlyhandled through networking connections.See also: ATM, MPEG, MPEG-4, MPEG-21Multiplex (Mux)Generally describes a collection of communications channels bundles into one transportsystem. For example, voice and data co-exist on a phone line carrying conversation andInternet access. In digital television ‘a multiplex’ describes a group of compressed digitalvideo channels multiplexed into single transmission stream occupying the space of oneanalog terrestrial TV channel. The term ‘Bouquet’ has also been used in this context.131
MXFThe Material eXchange Format, SMPTE 377M, is aimed at the exchange of program materialbetween file servers, digital video recorders, editing systems, tape streamers and digitalarchives, etc. It is a container, or wrapper, format that supports a variety of differently codedstreams of essence (images and sound), together with metadata describing the materialin the MXF file.There are six operational patterns: Simple, Compiled, Compound, Uncompiled Simple,Uncompiled Compound and Metadata-only. Bridging file and streaming transfers, MXF helpsmove material between AAF file-based post production and streaming program replay usingstandard networks. This set up extends the reliable essence and metadata pathways of bothformats to reach from content creation to playout. The MXF body carries the content. It caninclude compressed formats such as MPEG and DV as well as uncompressed video andcontains an interleaved sequence of picture frames, each with audio and data essence plusframe-based metadata.MNSee also: AAFWebsite: www.mxf.infoNASNetwork Attached Storage is a file server with an operating system that supports the popularfile sharing protocols, such as CIFS (Windows) and NFS (Unix). It is accessed as a clienton a network such as Ethernet. This is relatively low cost and easy to set up but it is limitedby the constraints of the network. If the network is very busy, then access to the NAS willbe slower. An alternative form of shared storage can be set up with a SAN that creates itsown separate network.See also: SANWebsite: www.techweb.com/encyclopediaNCSNewsroom Computer System. The name sprang up when the only computer in a TV newsarea was used for storing and editing the textual information available from news services.It also created the running order for the bulletin and was interfaced to many other devicesaround the production studio. Today the NCS lives on... but it is no longer the only computeraround the newsroom!See also: MOSNegativeFilm that shows the shot scene as negative images. Various types of negative material areused in several stages of the traditional film production chain that culminates in release prints.See also: Camera negative, Internegative132
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The Digital Fact BookConverged medi
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Extract from a letter from Michael
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Quantel and digital technologyIn 19
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2003 QColor - powerful in-context c
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Abbreviationsbit b kilobit kbbits p
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Digital terms0:2:2See: Dual Link100
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13.5 MHzThis is the sampling freque
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3:2 Pull-down (a.k.a. 2:3 Pull-down
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4:2:0A sampling system used to digi
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A4KSee Film formats5.1 AudioSee Dis
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AActive pictureThe area of a TV fra
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AAliasingUndesirable ‘beating’
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AArchiveLong-term storage of inform
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AAspect ratio1. - of pictures. The
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AAVCHDAdvanced Video Codec High Def
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BBandwidthThe amount of information
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BBit (b)Binary digIT = bitOne mathe
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BBroadbandGeneral term referring to
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CCamera negative (film)Camera negat
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CChrominanceThe colorpart of a tele
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CCOFDMCoded Orthogonal Frequency Di
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CColor Transform Language (CTL)Colo
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CCommon Image Format (CIF)The ITU h
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CCompression ratioThe ratio of the
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CConsolidationClearing continuous s
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CCo-sited samplingThis is a samplin
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DD2A VTR standard for digital compo
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DatacastingBroadcasting data.See: I
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DefragmentationSee FragmentationDDe
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DensityThe density (D) of a film is
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Digital BetacamSee: BetacamDDigital
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DDigital keying and chroma keyingDi
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DD-ILADigital Direct Drive Image Li
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DDitherIn digital television, analo
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DDMD(Texas Instruments Inc.) Digita
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DDown-resDecreasing the size of vid
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DDual linkThe bandwidth of SDI and
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DDVBDigitalVideo Broadcasting,the g
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DTo maximize quality and playing ti
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DDynamic Rounding ®Dynamic Roundin
Page 81 and 82: EElectronic program guides (EPG)DTV
Page 83 and 84: EEthernetEthernet is a form of Loca
Page 85 and 86: Fibre Channel (FC)An integrated set
Page 87 and 88: Format Width mm Height mmFull Frame
Page 89 and 90: Flash - double and tripleDouble fla
Page 91 and 92: FFrame-rate conversionThe process o
Page 93 and 94: Generation lossThe signal degradati
Page 95 and 96: Grading (a.k.a. color timing)Gradin
Page 97 and 98: H.264See: MPEG-4HANAHigh-Definition
Page 99 and 100: HDShort for HDTV.HHDCAMAssigned D11
Page 101 and 102: HDR, HDRIHigh Dynamic Range Imaging
Page 103 and 104: HIPPIHigh performance parallel inte
Page 105 and 106: HVDHolographic versatile disk - a
Page 107 and 108: I-frame only (a.k.a. I-only)A video
Page 109 and 110: Inter-frame (compression)Compressio
Page 111 and 112: Interpolation (spatial)Defining the
Page 113 and 114: IP over DVBThe delivery of IP data
Page 115 and 116: ITU-R BT.601This standard defines t
Page 117 and 118: JPEG 2000 (.JP2)This is an image co
Page 119 and 120: Latency (of data)The delay between
Page 121 and 122: Linear (keying)In linear keying the
Page 123 and 124: MasterThe master of an edited progr
Page 125 and 126: MoiréRefers to a distortion that a
Page 127 and 128: MPEG-2ISO/IEC 13818. A family of in
Page 129 and 130: MPEG-4ISO/IEC 14496. MPEG-4 covers
Page 131: MPEG-21Started in June 2001, workon
Page 135 and 136: Non drop-frame timecodeTimecode tha
Page 137 and 138: Offline (editing)A decision-making
Page 139 and 140: Over samplingSampling information a
Page 141 and 142: PerfShort for perforations. It is a
Page 143 and 144: Progressive (scan)Method of scannin
Page 145 and 146: RAIDRedundant Array of Independent
Page 147 and 148: Resolution co-existenceTerm coined
Page 149 and 150: RS 422Not to be confused with 4:2:2
Page 151 and 152: However, in practice it can be diff
Page 153 and 154: SDKSoftware Developers Kit. Typical
Page 155 and 156: Server (file)A storage system that
Page 157 and 158: SNMPSimple Network Management Proto
Page 159 and 160: StEMStandard Evaluation Material wa
Page 161 and 162: StopA ratio of amount of light wher
Page 163 and 164: 2K and 4K2K is a format used in dig
Page 165 and 166: Sub-pixelA spatial resolution small
Page 167 and 168: Table 3 (ATSC)Table 3 of the ATSC D
Page 169 and 170: Technical gradeA technical grade is
Page 171 and 172: True random accessQuantel term for
Page 173 and 174: UnicodeUnicode allows computers to
Page 175 and 176: VC-1VC-1 is a video codec specifica
Page 177 and 178: VersioningIn recent times demand fo
Page 179 and 180: VSBVestigial Sideband modulation -
Page 181 and 182: Windows MediaAudio and video compre
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Y, Cr, CbThe digital luminance and
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‘601’ describes sampling at sta
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Sampling (clock) frequencyThe (cloc
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Perfect results?Today the whole ana
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CameraCamera negativesRush prints v
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White paper - Stereoscopic 3D postS
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As well as these problems, there ar
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Finally, the most important require
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Standards onlineEBU offers many doc
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DirectoryAESThe Audio Engineering S
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Quantel contacts and addressesUKQua
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Compass, Enterprise sQ, eQ, FrameMa
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