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PDF Lesson 2: Structure of the Mammalian Heart - Cary Academy

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Name:_______________Date: _______________Binder #: ____________<strong>Lesson</strong> 2: <strong>Structure</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Mammalian</strong> <strong>Heart</strong>Background Reading:OverviewThe heart is <strong>the</strong> main organ <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human circulatory system as it is <strong>the</strong> muscle that pumps bloodthrough <strong>the</strong> circulatory system. By doing so, it provides cells with <strong>the</strong> substances needed for <strong>the</strong>irsurvival such as nutrients, oxygen, etc. The human heart is roughly <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> a man’s fist andhas a mass <strong>of</strong> 300 grams. The heart is located in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chest, behind <strong>the</strong> breastbone,between <strong>the</strong> lungs, in <strong>the</strong> pericardial cavity within <strong>the</strong> rib cage. The heart is enclosed within <strong>the</strong>pericardium which is a two layer fluid filled sac that protects <strong>the</strong> heart.1.) Using this information, go to <strong>the</strong> “Visible Human Viewer”,http://www.dhpc.adelaide.edu.au/projects/vishuman2/ and take a coronal photo<strong>of</strong> a male across where <strong>the</strong> heart lies within <strong>the</strong> human body. Using this image, practice finding<strong>the</strong> heart, rib cage, lungs, breast bone, pericardium, and spine. Describe to a classmate whereeach <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se items are located in your image.Coronal View:joselyn_todd, All Right Reserved, © 2006 Page 1 10/22/2006


Name:_______________Date: _______________Binder #: ____________2.) Next, label Figure 1 (heart, rib cage, lungs, breast bone, pericardium, and spine) afterusing <strong>the</strong> Visible Human Viewer.Figure 1. Coronal section <strong>of</strong> a male near <strong>the</strong> heart created using <strong>the</strong> “Visible Human Viewer”-http://www.dhpc.adelaide.edu.au/projects/vishuman2/ . This figure is associated with <strong>the</strong> Vodcastcalled “Podcast/Vodcast 3.”<strong>Structure</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Human <strong>Heart</strong>The heart is a hollow, muscular organ made <strong>of</strong> four chambers with multiple arteries (arteries are<strong>the</strong> blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood) and veins (veins are <strong>the</strong> blood vessels that carryunoxygenated blood) connected to <strong>the</strong> heart. The top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heart is called <strong>the</strong> base. Thepointed tip <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heart is called <strong>the</strong> apex. As seen in Figure 2, <strong>the</strong> right, top chamber <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heartis called <strong>the</strong> right atrium. The right, lower chamber is called <strong>the</strong> right ventricle. The left topchamber <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heart is called <strong>the</strong> left atrium, and <strong>the</strong> left bottom chamber is called <strong>the</strong> leftventricle. The two sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heart are separated by <strong>the</strong> thick walled septum. In between <strong>the</strong>right atrium and right ventricle is <strong>the</strong> tricuspid valve. Between <strong>the</strong> left atrium and <strong>the</strong> left ventricleis <strong>the</strong> bicuspid valve which is also called <strong>the</strong> mitral valve.Unoxygenated blood from <strong>the</strong> upper and lower body enters into <strong>the</strong> heart through <strong>the</strong> inferiorvena cava and <strong>the</strong> superior vena cava and enters into <strong>the</strong> right atrium. Once it enters into <strong>the</strong>right atrium it is pumped into <strong>the</strong> right ventricle and <strong>the</strong> tricuspid valve. Once <strong>the</strong> blood is in <strong>the</strong>right ventricle it is forcefully pumped out into <strong>the</strong> pulmonary artery through <strong>the</strong> pulmonary valve(not seen in Figure 2). The pulmonary valve prevents <strong>the</strong> blood from back flowing into <strong>the</strong> rightventricle. The blood moves through <strong>the</strong> pulmonary artery into <strong>the</strong> right and left lungs where it isoxygenated. The oxygenated blood returns to <strong>the</strong> heart through <strong>the</strong> right pulmonary veins andleft pulmonary veins. The blood enters into <strong>the</strong> left atrium and <strong>the</strong>n is pumped into <strong>the</strong> leftventricle through <strong>the</strong> mitral valve (bicuspid valve). This valve prevents blood from back flowinginto <strong>the</strong> left atrium when <strong>the</strong> left ventricle contracts to push <strong>the</strong> blood through <strong>the</strong> aortic valve into<strong>the</strong> aorta. Once blood is in <strong>the</strong> aorta it travels here to <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> body’s cells via arteries andeventually capillaries.joselyn_todd, All Right Reserved, © 2006 Page 2 10/22/2006


Name:_______________Date: _______________Binder #: ____________Review: Blood flow goes from <strong>the</strong> upper and lower body → into <strong>the</strong> superior/anterior vena cava→ into <strong>the</strong> right atrium → through <strong>the</strong> tricuspid valve → into <strong>the</strong> right ventricle → through <strong>the</strong>pulmonary valve → into <strong>the</strong> pulmonary artery → out to <strong>the</strong> lungs → and <strong>the</strong>n back into <strong>the</strong> heartvia <strong>the</strong> pulmonary vein → into <strong>the</strong> left atrium → through <strong>the</strong> mitral valve (tricuspid valve) → into<strong>the</strong> left ventricle → through <strong>the</strong> aortic valve → into <strong>the</strong> aorta → and <strong>the</strong>n out to <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>body and <strong>the</strong> cycle is continued.Figure 2. Diagram <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human heart. Associated with <strong>the</strong> vodcast, “Anatomy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Human<strong>Heart</strong>, Podcast/Vodcast 4.”joselyn_todd, All Right Reserved, © 2006 Page 3 10/22/2006


Name:_______________Date: _______________Binder #: ____________In Figure 3, describe to a friend wear <strong>the</strong> various structures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heart are located. You canalso do this with an anatomical model. To also help you with learning <strong>the</strong> structures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heartyou can watch <strong>the</strong> vodcast, “Anatomy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Human <strong>Heart</strong>.”Figure 3. Unlabeled image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human heart.Word Bank (You may use a word more than once.)Left Venticle Pulmonary Artery Mitral ValveTricuspid Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary ValveAorta Right Atrium Left AtriumAortic Valve Right Ventricle Inferior Vena CavaPulmonary VeinResources:• Interactive sheep heart: http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/cyberheart/anthrt.htm• Multimedia <strong>Heart</strong> Presentation: “Overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Heart</strong>”http://www.fda.gov/hear<strong>the</strong>alth/healthyheart/healthyheart.htmljoselyn_todd, All Right Reserved, © 2006 Page 4 10/22/2006

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