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industry newsSchneider helps Team North create award-winning solar homeSchneider Electric (www.schneider-electric.ca)recently donated Xantrex inverters, Square D PowerlogicEnergy Management system, Veris currenttransformers, QO circuit breakers, a QO loadcentreand safety switches to Team North’s solar-poweredhome—North House.North House, which produces more energy than itconsumes, is a recipient of the 2010 Ontario Associationof Architects (OAA) Design Excellence Award.The annual awards offer Ontario architects, studentsand interns an opportunity to showcase their bestwork and increase public appreciation of the servicesprovided by the architectural profession.“The products we received from SchneiderElectric were critical for both our energy productionand energy monitoring systems,” said LaurenBarhydt, Team North’s project manager (a graduatestudent at the University of Waterloo School ofArchitecture). “We were grateful for the products,but also for the kind and thoughtful advice fromSchneider Electric’s engineers—especially in thecrunch-time of our deadline!”Eaton and Takaoka to collaborateon electric vehicle chargingEaton Corp. (www.eaton.com) saysit will collaborate with TakaokaElectric Mfg. Co. Ltd. to developand launch DC Quick Chargers forcharging electric vehicle (EV) batterypacks. The collaboration will enableEaton to provide a complete line ofcharging stations across residential,commercial and industrial applicationsin North America.According to Eaton, Tokyo-basedTakaoka Electric is a leader in theinstallation and operation of EVchargers, and brings to the marketextensive technical knowledge of allaspects of electric vehicle charging.Eaton says it is currently workingto advance the EV charginginfrastructure in Burlington, Ont.,and many other communities acrossNorth America.Eaton Certified Contractoraims to go nationalEaton Corp. developed a program last yearthat provides certification to residentialelectrical service contractors; this year, thecompany aims to take the program national.In April of 2009, the Eaton CertifiedContractor Network (ECCN) program waslaunched in Ontario, and a total of 32 contractorswere certified by years end (myhome.eatonelectrical.ca). 2010 will see the programtake flight nationally, targeting a goal to certify100+ contractors from coast to coast.The five-year strategic plan for ECCNincludes the recruitment and certification ofover 300 electrical service and renovationcontractors that will provide homeowners inall cities and towns across Canada local accessto the benefits and advantages associated withhiring an ECCN contractor.The ultimate goal for Eaton is to have thetop 25% of electrical residential service andrenovation contractors in Canada enroll andengage in ECCN.Northland secures contracts for solarwind and hydro in OntarioNorthland Power Income Fund (www.npifund.com) has been awarded contractsunder the government’s Feed-in-Tariff (FIT)program to build 216MW of renewable greenenergy projects in Ontario.The projects include 13 ground-mountedsolar projects totalling 130MW located acrossthe province, the 60MW Manitoulin Islandwind farm, and four run-of-river hydro projectson the Kabinakagami River totalling26 MW. Construction of the first projectscould begin this year—after all permittingis completed—and the total investment byNorthland is expected to reach almost $1 billionover the next four years.“These awards confirm the validity of Northland’sclean and green energy strategy. I am alsoespecially happy for the Constance Lake FirstNation, our partner in our water power projectson the Kabinakagami River. These projects representresponsible use of our natural resources andwill be an important source of income for ConstanceLake through their long-term ownershipinterest,” said John Brace, CEO of Northland.www.EBMag.com • June/July 2010 • 7

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Bearing failuresBearings are small comparedto other major motor components,making them particularlyvulnerable to damage and wear.It’s no surprise, then, that studiesblame more than half of allmotor failures on bearing malfunction,most of which resultfrom too little or too muchlubrication. ion.Thekeyto avoidingithese conditions is to establish alubrication program using bearingand motor manufacturerguidelines to determine thefrequency and amount of lubricationfor the motor application,duty (continuous or intermittent),environmental conditions, andbearing size.Another significant cause ofbearing failure is misalignment,lignmt, 1)the effect of which increasesby the cube of the change. Forexample, an alignment value thatis twice the new installation tolerancewill reduce bearing lifeby a factor of 8 (2 3 ). The solutionis simple: align the motorand driven equipment to new orbetter installation tolerances.Bearing currents (see Figure1) aretypically lly caused byITC Certification Special!Great Savings on Training with thepurchase of a FLIR IR Camera.Purchase aT300and take an ITC Certificationcourse for only $495.A SAVINGS of $1,500!ORand receive a FREE web training class ortake an ITC Certification course for $1,495.(Quebec branches only)Purchase anori7 i60(Atlantic Canada only)Offer valid on purchases made July 1 - September 30, 2010 through distributors listed above.Training must be registered prior to December 1st, 2010.dissymmetry in the motor frame orpowering the motor from a variablefrequencydrive (VFD). Decadesago, bearing currents were only anissue on very large motors due totheir inherent lack of magnetic symmetry.The ubiquitous use of VFDstoday, both for new installations andretrofits, subjects these motors to a“chopped” output waveform. Theresulting magnetic dissymmetryproduces a current path from statorframe to shaft and through the bearingsat each end.Although no solution to bearingcurrents yet exists, some remedialmeasures are available. Among themost common of these are insulatedbearing housings, ceramic rollingelement bearings, and shaft-groundingbrushes. Other methods includeinsulating the shaft bearing journal,installing completely ceramic bearings,and using conductive grease.Applying filters or reactors to theVFD also helps by reducing themagnitude of the bearing current.Winding failuresStatistically, stator winding failuresrun a distant second to bearings asa cause c of motor failures. Yet theextent of damage, repair cost, anddowntime associated with a windingfailure is often orders of magnitudegreater than for bearing failures.When it comes to stator windings,mechanical overload is the leadingcause of failure. Operating a motorat “only” 15% above rated load (i.e.,equal to the 1.15 service factor ofmany motors) can reduce windingthermal life to one-fourth of normal.A common misunderstanding is thatmotors can be loaded to their servicefactor continuously. Actually, servicefactor capability is intended only forshort-term, intermittent use. Thesolution to mechanical overloadis straightforward, but not alwayseasily executed: reduce the load tono more than the power rating ofthe motor.Thermal overload (see Figure 2)results from steady-state electricalcauses such as over voltage, undervoltage, and unbalanced voltages.A variation in voltage of more than10% from rated or a voltage unbalancegreater than 1% from theaverage results in excessive heatingof the windings. This is another casewhere the solution is straightforward:bring the voltages at the motorto within tolerance. Implementationcan be daunting, however, as itmay require special transformers oradjusting the load on each phase.Electric motors require the ventilationeffects of internal and externalairflow to extract heat from winding16 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

The power of fusion.1874 1886 1893 1899 1906 1908 1911 1962 1963 1983 1990 1998 1999There’s a certain energy at Eaton. It’s the power of unitingsome of the world’s most respected names to build abrand you can trust to meet every power managementneed. The energy created supports our commitment topowering business worldwide.From power distribution to power quality and control,Eaton allows you to proactively manage your completepower system by providing electrical solutions that makeyour applications safer, more reliable, and highly efficient.Visit www.eatoncanada.ca.All of the above are trademarks of Eaton Corporation or its affiliates. Eaton hasa license to use the Westinghouse brand name in Asia Pacific. ©2010 Eaton Corporation.

FIGURE 1Fluting of the bearingcaused by shaft currentdue to use on a VFD.Figure 2Symmetrical overheating of the entire winding caused by over current.New look. Same great performance.Telemecanique ® and Merlin Gerin ® products are changingover to new, more environmentally-friendly and energyefficientSchneider Electric packaging and logo marks.A new look, but: Same part numbers. Same dimensions and high-performance design. Same interchangeability with existing productsin the field. Same genuine replacement parts availability. Same warranty coverage.Download our energy efficiency white paper!Visit www.SEreply.com and enter keycode s199w.and other component losses. Accumulationof contaminants on thestator windings or externally on theframe and the fan cover (if applicable)may inhibit airflow. Damagedor missing fans also significantlyreduce the flow of cooling air. Thesolution here is to repair or replacedamaged or missing fans and to cleanthe motor. If the motor is an openenclosure in a dirty environment,consider replacing it with a totallyenclosed fan cooled (TEFC) model.It’s much easier and faster to removedirt from the exterior of a TEFCmotor than from the inside of anopenenclosure motor.or.© 2010 Schneider Electric All Rights ReservedTransient voltages are voltage“spikes” that achieve magnitudesof many times line voltage withinmicroseconds. A single-event transientvoltage can occur due to suchincidents as lightning strikes, rapidswitching of the motor, or utility bustransfers. VFDs, on the other hand,continually produce high-frequencytransients due to the “chopped”waveform they use to simulate a variable-voltageand variable-frequencyAC supply. The partial discharge(corona) from continuous VFDtransients can literally eat away theinsulation of the stator winding.The ideal solution for singleeventtransients would be to preventthem from occurring. The practicalsolution is to install transientvoltage protection in the motor terminalbox. Similarly, the only truesolution for repetitive transientsfrom VFDs would be a VFD outputwithout transient voltages. Untilthat becomes available common preventivemeasures include installingfilters or line reactors and inverterduty(VFD-rated) motor windings.ConclusionSince most motor failures stem fromdamaged bearings or stator windings,it makes sense to take advantageof relatively simple, straightforwardsolutions that can prevent prematuredamage and failure of these components.The reward will be longer,more trouble-free motor life andincreased productivity.Thomas H. Bishop, P.Eng., is a technicalsupport specialist at the ElectricalApparatus Service Association (EASA),an international trade association of morethan 2000 firms in 58 countries thatsell and service electrical, electronic andmechanical apparatus. Visit www.easa.com.18 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

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Swimmingpool pumpsoffer opportunities to lower demandEven in Canada!Jeff FarlowReducing energy requirements by up to 90%, theIntelliFlo VS+SVRS is a suitable option for commercialpools requiring output of less than 3 hp/pump.Photo courtesy Pentair Water Pool and Spa.Swimming pools are receiving a greatdeal of attention from municipalitiesand utilities across North America asnew technologies promise to dramaticallylower the cost of operating them. Evenin Canada, homeowners are spendinghundreds to thousands of dollars each yearon pool filtration alone, with the pool filterpump potentially the largest electricity userin a home.According to the Canadian trade journalPool & Spa Marketing, 9.4% of single-familyhomes in Ontario and 5.6% of homes inCanada have in-ground pools. When includingabove-ground pools, nearly 10% of Canadian singlefamilyhomes have a pool. In fact, the province ofOntario has more in-ground swimming pools thanall but four U.S. states (California, Florida, Arizona,Texas), which means swimming pool energy efficiencyis not just a ‘sun belt’ issue.Lessons from the StatesA Pacific Gas & Electric Co. (PG&E) study(conducted by Davis Energy Group andsubmitted to the California Energy Commissionas part of its 2006 Appliance Standards Rulemakingdocket) determined that the average residentialpool pump consumes 2600 kWh annually. With anestimated 1.5 million private residential in-groundpools in California, it takes the output of sixmedium-sized power plants just to operate thestate’s pools.The PG&E study concluded that pool pumps “arealmost always the largest single electrical end-use[appliance in a home]”. Data from this study waslater integrated into the California Energy Commission’sStatewide Appliance Saturation study, along withfindings from the Los Angeles Department of Water andPower (LADWP), Southern California Edison (SCE),and San Diego Gas & Electric Co. (SDG&E) Theresults are shown in Table 1 (see Table page 26).20 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

The state legislature and state utilities targetedpool systems in the 2005 rewrite of the CaliforniaEnergy Code, placing prescriptive requirements onpool pumps and—to a lesser degree—on heaters.This prohibited the sale and installation of someof the most common types of pumps and motors,requiring any 1-hp or larger filtration pump tohave two speed settings or variable-speed drives.It also established a regulatory and certificationsystem backed by fines and criminal charges. TheMany municipalitiesand utilities inthe northern UnitedStates are usingincentive programs topromote energy-efficientpool equipment.Photo courtesy PentairWater Pool and Spa.Are You Ready ForAffordable OutdoorLED Lighting?Save energy and relamping costs withLED Wallpacks, Area Lights, Floodlights & Bollardswww.rclighting.caWallpacks Area Lights Floodlights BollardsMaking Energy Efficiency Easy for You888 722-1000 sales@rclighting.castate of Florida adopted similarregulations in 2008 with itsFlorida Energy Bill (House Bill7135), and more states are certainto follow.The Natural Resources DefenseCouncil (NRDC) conducted itsown study on swimming poolenergy efficiency in 2008 (withfunding from the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency’sEnergy Star program), recommendingthat the Energy Star andthe U.S. Green Building Council’sLEED Green Building RatingSystem adopt specs for poolsas part of their basic efficiencymeasures for new construction.Energy Star and the Consortiumfor Energy Efficiency are nowworking with the pool industryto develop standards for poolequipment energy efficiency. (TheAssociation of Pool and Spa Professionals—theindustry’s primarytrade organization—is developinga set of efficiency standards thatit expects will be used as a modelfor these programs.)Of note to Canadian electricityprofessionals is the NRDC’sdiscovery that pool owners inthe State of New York wouldexpect to pay roughly the sameamount to operate a pool pumpeach year with a four-monthpool season as a pool owner inPhoenix, Az., which has an eightmonthpool season.The NRDC based its modelsolely on utility rates and weather,without taking into accountregional variations in pool use.Pool owners in climates withshorter pool seasons are believedto run their pool pumps longereach day. Perhaps this is whywe’ve seen so many incentiveprograms for energy-efficientpool equipment in the NortheastUnited States. Six differentprograms were launched byutilities last year in Rhode Island,New York and Massachusetts—regions with comparable climate,pool ownership and electricalinfrastructure to southern Ontarioand Quebec.22 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

Pumping outenergy savingsEven in cold-weather communities,utilities are increasinglyadopting rebate programs thatencourage pool owners to replacestandard pumps with energyefficientmodels, particularly thevariable-speed pumps that havebeen proved to lower energyrequirements by up to 90%.Traditionally, a standardsingle-speed pump motor alwaysoperates at a high speed in poolfiltration systems, wasting energy.However, filtration needs canbe met by operating the pumpat lower speeds optimized toperform the required task. Theprinciples of fuel savings involvedin operating an automobile applyto pool pumps: just as you useless gas when you drive at 55mph compared to 70 mph, youuse less energy when your poolpump operates at slower speeds.In the case of an automobile, thatmeans more time on the roadbut, with a pool, you don’t haveto worry about how fast or slowyou circulate the water. In fact,pool professionals and equipmentmanufacturers today recommendrunning pumps slower forlonger—often twice to threetimes as long.Because pumping tasks canvary by swimming pools, avariable-speed pump is requiredto operate at the lowest speednecessary to optimize energyefficiency. Pool pumps havehistorically used single-speedmotors, which were typicallysized to address the pool taskrequiring the greatest pumpingpower. So a single-speed pumpdesigned to support a spa, heateror water feature in addition tothe pool’s filtration needs willalways run at the level requiredto support all potential operations,regardless of whether allthe features are in use.In addition, a single-speedsystem can’t be adjusted to reflectchanges in conditions—such asweather or the number of swimmerson a given day—that affecthow much filtration is requiredto keep a pool clean.A variable-speed pump’sautomation software can be programmedto always operate atthe lowest optimum speed, automaticallyresponding to changesin pumping needs with additionalpower for cleaning, spa operations,waterfalls or fountains,or to address changes in poolconditions, then revert back to aslower steady state when only basicfiltration duties are required.We’ve found that switching to avariable-speed pump can save poolowners well over $1000 per year.The slower speeds are not onlymore energy efficient, but quieter.The noise reduction has provedextremely beneficial for homes inThese LED lightsproduce the sameoutput at 70watts as a standardhalogen lightat 500 watts.BALLASTS ARE OUR BUSINESS.ULTRASAVE offers awide range of ballastsfor electronic andmagnetic fluorescent,as well as HID applications.Contact us today tofind out more aboutour latest additions.www.ultrasave.caUltrasave(Standard Mag. pg.)T8 ELECTRONICBALLASTSEnergy efficient ballastsavailable in high, normaland low ballast factor.Meet most CanadianHydro rebate programrequirements.CFL ELECTRONICBALLASTSOperate 1 or 2 CFL13/18/26/32/42Wlamps, of various types.T5/T5HO ELECTRONICBALLASTSProgrammed rapid startignition with lamp EOLprotection circuit and90°C case temperaturerating. T5HO series alsoavailable with auto-resetthermal protection.ELECTRONICHID BALLASTSComplete range of120-277 and 347Vmodels, side/bottommount versions.ULTRASAVE LIGHTING LTD. | T 905.940.0888 | F 905.940.0338 | Toll-Free Number 1 866.733.9217R E S I D E N T I A L C O M M E R C I A L R E T A I L I N S T I T U T I O N A Lwww.EBMag.com • June/July 2010 • 23

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Other options for pool energy savingsVariable-speed pumps are not theonly swimming pool equipmentelectrical professionals should bekeeping an eye on...• LightsLED pool lights are a muchmore energy-efficient optionwhen compared to traditionalincandescent and halogen. SomeLED pool lights use only 70 wattsto create the same light outputas a 500-watt halogen.• HeatersWhen a gas pool heater is morethan five years old, an upgradeto a high-efficiency gas poolheater meeting stricter minimumenergy requirements couldquickly pay for itself. A betteroption in many climates is anair-source heat pump, whichcan deliver up to 5.8 times moreheat than conventional heaters atthe same cost. Geothermal heatexchangers and solar heatingsystems may also lower poolheating costs.• Digital automation systemsDigital automation systems allowoperators to schedule cleaningand filtration cycles, meaningequipment will not be left onaccidentally or run at a higherflow rate than necessary. Inregions where off-peak utilityrates are available, these systemscan allow pool managers toschedule pool filtration and otheroperations for off-peak hours.zero lot line neighbourhoods, wherepool equipment may be locateddirectly beneath the bedroomwindow of the homeowner or,worse, a neighbour.Even with all of these advantages,however, the price tag of thesetechnologically advanced pumpscan give even the most tech-savvyconsumers pause when consideringan upgrade. This is especially truewhen, despite its shortcomings, thepump that was originally installedwith the pool is still functioning aswell as it always has.As has been the case with otherenergy-efficient technologies,incentive programs have beenvery successful in encouragingconsumers to invest in variablespeedpool pumps. Most offer arebate to both the consumer andinstaller, usually $100 to $200 each. But some utilities have been veryaggressive in promoting variable-speed pumps, such as National Gridin Rhode Island, which now offers a $400 consumer rebate for theinstallation of a variable-speed pump. Considering each installation isreducing electricity demand by up to 2500 kWh (again, see Table 1), thatmight be a bargain.Jeff Farlow is the program manager for energy initiatives at Pentair Water Pooland Spa (Sanford, N.C.).TABLE 1Top annual average electric usage/kWh per home applianceAppliance PG&E SDG&E SCE LADWPPool pump 2580 2557 2772 3096Spa electric heater 1346 903 2514 895Central air 1108 644 1494 1075Refrigerator 788 780 801 754NFLD: (709) 753-6685NS & PEI: (902) 450-5155NB: (506) 862-1515Quebec: (514) 333-8392Ontario: (514) 333-8392Manitoba: (204) 694-0000Saskatoon, SK: (306) 244-7272Regina,SK: (306)771-2500Alberta: (800) 263-2684BC: (604) 882-8488USA: (514) 333-839226 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

Annual Golf TournamentOntario Energy Network (OEN)July 22, Gormley, Ont.(Station Creek GC)Visit www.ontarioenergynetwork.comThe Source—Cooper LightingVarious datesPeachtree, Ga.Visit www.cooperlighting.com10th Annual Federation CupCharity Golf TournamentElectro-Federation Canada (EFC)August 23, Milton, Ont.Visit www.electrofed.comCUEE (Canadian UtilitiesEquipment & Engineering) ShowSeptember 14-15,Mississauga, Ont.Visit www.cuee.caVisit EBMag.comand click Calendar to see anextensive list of upcoming events.You may have noticed thisVIDEO ICON (the movie camera)in the pages of ElectricalBusiness s and wondered what it’s all about.Wonder no more! When you see the VIDEOICON next to an item in the magazine, itmeans there is an associated video on ourwebsite. Be sure to check it out!Visit www.EBMag.com and click VIDEOS.CANEW—Canadian AirportsNational Electrical WorkshopCanadian Airports ElectricalAssociationSeptember 20-24, Victoria, B.C.Visit www.canew.caIIDEX/NeoconSeptember 22-25,Toronto, Ont.Visit www.iidexneocon.comWILL BETHERE!WILL BETHERE!WILL BETHERE!WILL BETHERE!WILL BETHERE!CFAE Fire AlarmInstructors ConferenceOctober 15-17,Toronto, Ont.Visit www.ecao.org for detailsand Registration formIndustrial Control TrainingSeminars (for WAGO customers)Various datesMilwaukee, Wisc.Visit www.wago.us/service/10704.htmNational Convention& Electric ExpoIndependent ElectricalContractors (IEC)October 26-29, Phoenix, Ariz.Visit www.ieci.orgFall Technical ConferenceSMMA—The Motor& Motion AssociationNovember 9-11,St. Louis, Mo.Visit www.smma.orgConstruct CanadaDecember 1-3,WILL BETHERE!Toronto, Ont.Visit www.constructcanada.comSolar ConferenceCanSIADecember 6-7,Toronto, Ont.Visit www.cansia.caWILL BETHERE!201118 th Annual ElectricalSafety WorkshopIEEE IAS (Industry Applications Society)January 24-28, 2011, Toronto, Ont.Visit www.ewh.ieee.org/cmte/ias.eswUtility Products Conference& ExhibitionFebruary 1-3, 2011, San Diego, Calif.Visit www.utilityproductsexpo.comDistribuTechFebruary 1-3, 2011, San Diego, Calif.Visit www.distributech.comPowerTestInterNational Electrical TestingAssociation (NETA)February 21-24, 2011,Washington, D.C.Visit www.powertest.orgThe Work Truck ShowNTEA (National TruckEquipment Association)WILL BETHERE!WILL BETHERE!March 7-10, 2011, Indianapolis, Ind.Visit www.ntea.comElectricalBusinessMCEEApril 20-21, 2011,Montreal, Que.Visit www.mcee.caLightfairMay 15-19, 2011,Philadelphia, Pa. (NewLocation)Visit www.lightfair.comcalendarPetroleum and Chemical IndustryTechnical ConferenceIEEE IAS PCIC (IndustryApplications Society,Petroleum and ChemicalIndustry Committee)September 19-21, 2011,Toronto, Ont.Visit www.ieee-pcic.orgICUEE: The Demo Expo(International Construction& Utility Equipment Exposition)October 4-6, 2011,Louisville, Ky.Visit www.icuee.comis alsoDigital!Visit www.EBMag.com and click to start your experience!WILL BETHERE!WILL BETHERE!WILL BETHERE!Please call John MacPherson @ 905-713-4335 or Scott Hoy @ 905-726-4664for Online Edition sponsorship opportunities!LED vs INDUCTIONAnnual Street andArea Lighting ConferenceISE (Illuminating Engineering Society)September 26-29, HuntingtonBeach, Calif.Visit www.ies.org/salcNECA Convention & Trade ShowNational Electrical ContractorsAssociationOctober 2-5, Boston, Mass.Visit www.necaconvention.orgSmartGridComm: 1 st IEEE Int’lConference on Smart GridCommunicationsIEEE ComSoc(Communications Society)October 4-6, Gaithersburg, Md.Visit www.ieee-smartgridcomm.orgIt is true that LED offerstremendous energy savingsand up to 50,000 hours oflife expectancy.IN MOST APPLICATIONSIS INDUCTION THEBETTER CHOICE?YOU BE THE JUDGE!WANT TO KNOW MORE?CALL YOUR STANPRO REPRESENTATIVEAdvantages savings versus similar LED products for increased productivity5905 Chemin de la Côte de Liesse, Saint-Laurent, Quebec, H4T 1C3 www.EBMag.com • June/July 2010 • 27

Key factors for making informedmotor repairor replace decisionsThomas H. Bishop, P.Eng.Decisions, decisions. Motor failure is nevera good thing, and it always occurs at theworst possible time. If there’s a brightside, it’s the chance to evaluate your repair andreplacement options and “get it right” for thelong pull. To make the best of this opportunity,you need to be aware of the available repairoptions and follow a logical process for makingmotor repair - replace decisions.Repair-replace decision processThe flowchart in Figure 1 shows the pathsyou might take in deciding whether to repairor replace a failed motor. It doesn’t coverevery possibility, of course, because eachapplication has unique circumstances.Application reviewThe first step is to determine if the failedmotor suits the application. A motor with openenclosure, for instance, may not be practicalfor a sawmill application with lots of airbornedust and debris. A better choice might be atotally-enclosed, fan-cooled (TEFC) replacement.Processes and duty cycles often changeover time, so it always pays to reexamine theapplication when deciding whether to repair orreplace a failed motor.If the failed motor is a “good fit” for theapplication, assess the condition of the statorcore. Has it sustained significant damage?Prior to failure did the motor exceed its ratedtemperature rise (i.e., high core losses)? Absentspecial features that might affect price or availability,it may cost less to buy a new motorthan to repair a badly damaged stator core.If the stator core is in satisfactory condition,consider the following decision pointssimultaneously:• Has catastrophic failure occurred?• Is there evidence of a priorcatastrophic failure?• Is the rotor damaged?• Are other mechanical partsseverely damaged?• Is it an EPAct or NEMA Premium motor?Catastrophic failureIf a catastrophic failure has occurred, weigh thecost of repairing the motor against that of replacingit. Such failures typically cause significantdamage to the stator core and windings, as wellas to the rotor, shaft, bearings and end brackets.In such cases, replacement may be the most economicaloption–especially if you question thesuitability of the motor for the application.Rotor damage varies widely–from surface smearingdue to contact with the stator, to melted barsand end rings on die-cast designs, to lifted bars orbroken end rings on fabricated designs. Surfacesmearing can often be repaired economically. Otherkinds of rotor repair may not be feasible unless themotor is very large or has special features.The shaft, frame or other mechanical partsmay also be damaged so badly that they must bereplaced. Here again, the cost of buying or makinga new shaft, or of purchasing a new frame, maymake repair a less attractive choice than replacingthe motor–unless the motor is very large or hasspecial features.28 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

Prior catastrophic failureSometimes evidence of a priorcatastrophic failure is discovered onlyafter disassembly, when the componentsare inspected and tested.Examples include a bent shaft that hasbent again; a damaged rotor core ordamaged rotor bars or end rings; anddamaged or missing stator core iron.If previous repairs were effective andshow no sign of renewed degradation,consider repair again.On the other hand, replacementmay be warranted if the presentfailure stems from a previous catastrophicfailure that degraded themotor. The rare exceptions are caseswhere the damage from both failurescan be repaired successfully andeconomically.Whether you choose to repair orreplace the motor, be sure to identifythe contributing causes of failureto prevent a recurrence.Energy-efficient motorsThe points discussed so far haveshaped motor repair-replace decisionsfor more than 50 years. Theadvent of energy efficient motorsduring the past decades introduceda new consideration–whether toreplace the failed motor with a moreenergy-efficient model.Broadly speaking, energy efficientmotors are those covered by federalregulation (EPAct), as well as newer,premium-efficient (e.g., NEMA Premium)models. Repair considerationsfor these motors are the same as forstandard efficiency models. Followingindustry best practices, qualifiedservice centers can repair either typewithout affecting the efficiency rating.Before repairing a standard efficiencymotor, consider the return oninvestment for a more energy-efficientreplacement, based on the expectedlife of the motor or process. To do so,compare repair and replacement costs(including the cost of any modificationsneeded for the new motor), andestimate the energy savings for theexpected hours of operation. Notethat energy savings will be moresignificant for motors that run 24/7than for those that operate for eighthours a day, five days a week, or onlyintermittently. Larger motors (250 hpand up) also tend to be fairly efficientalready, so for these sizes the differencesin efficiency between standardand premium efficiency models arerelatively small.If the return-on-investmentanalysis shows that replacement ispreferable to repair, your next considerationis whether you have themoney in your budget. If not, youmay still opt for repair as long as itcosts less than a new motor.Level 1 Basic reconditioning. Includes replacing bearings, cleaning all parts and replacing lubricant. Also adds seals and otheraccessories as agreed with customer.Level 2 Includes Level 1 with the addition of varnish trea tment of stator windings, repair of worn bearing fits and straightening ofbent shafts.Level 3 Includes Level 1 as well as rewinding the sta tor (i.e., replacing windings and insulation).Level 4 Includes rewinding of the stator plus major lamination repair or rotor rebar. May include replacement of the stator laminationsor restacking of lamina tions. Shaft replacement normally falls into this ca tegory. In short, Level 4 involves major repairsthat are costly enough to justify examining the option of replacement.Level 5 Motors that would normally be replaced except for special circumstances faced by the customer (e.g., no spare orunacceptable lead time for a replacement). Level 5 includes misapplied motors, inadequate enclosures and pre U-framemotors. A motor that should be replaced, if not for the o wner’s inability to operate without it.Goodbyeto Wrapping & TapingA PVC alternative for installing wall boxesin poured-in-place concrete, the NEW Kwikon ®Concrete Wall Box arrives at the jobsite readyto install…no more time-consuming wrappingand taping work required. The uniqueprotective film covers the box opening toprevent concrete entry during the pour andcomes with external Kwikon ENT hubs for easyconduit connections.PVC Conduit & Fittings ENT FittingsPower & Communication DuctCdn. Toll Free: 1-866-473-9462 | www.ipexelectrical.comTough Products for Tough Environments ®Products manufactured by IPEX Electrical Inc. Cor-Line ® , Kwikon ® and SuperDuct ® are trademarks of IPEX Branding Inc.www.EBMag.com • June/July 2010 • 29

Assuming you have the funds for a new motor , thenext decision point is availability. Standard motors,such as those that fall under EPAct rules, are normallystock items. Delivery times for larger motors,or for those with special features, often range froma few weeks to several months. If the delivery timeis longer than you require, a qualified service centerusually can repair the original motor in far less time.It also may be able to add the special features youneed to a stock motor–e.g., by converting it to aD-flange mounting.Repair optionsTo make repair-replace decisions effectively, it alsohelps to be familiar with the various repair optionsfor squirrel cage induction motors. Repair Levels 1- 4 in Table 1 illustrate the expanding scope of workperformed–from basic reconditioning through statorrewinding to major repair of the stator core, rotor,shaft or frame. Level 5 repairs apply to motors thatnormally would be replaced as a result of a straightforwardrepair-replace decision process, but for whichother factors must be considered.Spikeshield ® Surge Protective DevicesDo you really want totrust a low cost SPDto protect yourexpensiveequipment?LEVEL 1 repair is a basic overhaul orreconditioning. It covers cleaningthe components and minor repairslike replacing bearings and replenishingthe lubricant. It also includesinitial inspection and testing (before,during, and after repair).LEVEL 2 repairs include everything inLevel 1, plus varnish/resin treatmentof stator windings, repair of wornbearing fits, and straightening ofshafts. Due mainly to the extra laborrequired, Level 2 represents a significantexpansion in the scope of repairs.These repairs may cost several timesmore than Level 1 repairs, and takequite a bit longer to complete.LEVEL 3 repairs add stator rewinding(replacement of the windings andinsulation system) to Level 2 repairs.Smaller, single-speed motors are relativelyeasy to rewind. Special windings(e.g., two-speed or very low-speed windings)often require more labor, material,and expertise to repair. In either case,the extra step of rewinding the statorexpands the scope and increases the costof repair considerably.LEVEL 4 repairs are the most comprehensive.Besides Level 1-3procedures, they encompass majorrepairs of the stator core and/orreplacement of rotor bars and endrings. They also may include replacementof the stator core laminationsor the shaft. Never undertake Level 4repairs without first considering theoption of replacement.LEVEL 5 repairs, as mentioned earlier,apply to motors that normallywould be replaced, except in specialcircumstances–e.g., lack of a spare orreplacement unit. Depending upon thestandard or special features of a particularmotor, Level 5 could apply to anyof the other four levels of repair.www.hubbellonline.comHUBBELL ®...your best Line of DefenceAs these five levels imply, the damageresulting from motor failures varieswidely, as do the associated repaircosts. While repair costs generallyincrease with the scope of the work,there is no “rule of thumb” for howmuch. What is clear, however, is thatan evaluation process that fails toconsider the various levels of repairis far too simplistic to yield soundrepair-replace decisions.Thomas H. Bishop, P.Eng., is a technicalsupport specialist at the Electrical ApparatusService Association (EASA), aninternational trade association of more than2000 firms in 58 countries that sell andservice electrical, electronic and mechanicalapparatus. Visit www.easa.com.30 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

Canadian lighting projectxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxshines at 33rd annual Source AwardsDownlighting was reduced by generating most of the ambient lightvia localized merchandise lighting. RSA Accurus adjustable pinholedownlights are arranged in graphic patterns, emphasizing circulationroutes through the space, and are adjustable for highlightingfreestanding and feature displays. The pinhole aperture reducesceiling glare, enhancing the impact of displays.RSA pinhole downlights also provide accent lighting for consulta tionstations at each vendor display, and provide task lighting for the cashwra p.The 20W‐MR16‐IR fixtures were specified throughout to minimally impactenergy consumption and heat load. Vertical coves with T5 fluorescentstrips integrated in display wall ends highlight fea ture products.Photos Ben Rahn, A-Frame, courtesy Cooper Lighting.Cooper Lighting announced the winners of its33rd annual Source Awards national lightingdesign competition, who were recognizedat Lightfair International 2010 (Lightfair)in Las Vegas. Eight professional awards andfive student awards were presented. And taking tophonours in the Professional Commercial Categorywere Jesse Blonstein, Julia Vandergraaf and DiegoBurdi of Lightbrigade Architectural Lighting Design(Toronto, Ont.) for the lighting of the Murale retailboutique in Ottawa.This 7000-sf beauty boutique was developed asa new store concept for an established Canadianretailer. The organic layout of the displays in thespace breaks from the uniform aisles typical ofcosmetics stores. High‐CRI fluorescent- and halogensourcedfixtures were selected, so a range of cosmeticproducts may be seen, sampled and selected clearlyand accurately. The selection of luminaires anddetailing of architectural features ensured that lightsources were shielded from normal views, allowingthe displays and product to have prominence.Maintenance of the project is simplified throughextensive use of fluorescent and LED fixtures, and islimited to only five lamp types (not including LEDs).The fixtures and lamps include RSA MR16 halogendownlights (one wattage and beam‐spread usedthroughout), T5 fluorescent striplights (three lengthsused), and Metalux T8 fluorescent striplights. Thisprototype store was a considered a success, as it ledto a national rollout of stores in Ottawa, Montreal,Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver.www.EBMag.com • June/July 2010 • 31

Photos Ben Rahn, A-Frame, courtesy Cooper Lighting.• Protection Relays• Digital Meters• CT/PT/Test Switches• Industrial Ethernet Switches• CSA Switch Rated Plugs & Receptacles• Maximum Protection from Arc Flash• Simplies CSA Z462 Compliance• Enables Quick Equipment Changeouts• Power Quality Recorders• Models 1745/1750/1760• Class A Compliant• Highest Safety RatingOntario: 1.800.461.4076Quebec: (418) 809.8919Ontario: 1.800.461.4076Quebec: (418) 809.8919E.Coast: 1.800.565.8771Ontario Only1.800.461.407632 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

A screen of contoured clear glass panels serves as agateway to the skincare department, where a circularpattern of RSA low voltage downlights provide taskillumination at the demonstration counter. Two-footfluorescent striplights are used in the cur ved coves, whileLEDs are integrated into the curved shelving to light theproducts. LED edge‐lighting emphasizes the unique cur veof each clear glass panel. These panels create a physicalbarrier while keeping the space visually c lean and open.Fluorescent striplightsincorporated into full heightmirrors provide customers with aflattering, low-glare light qualityconsistent with displays at whichthe product was initially selected.High‐CRI 3500K T5 fluorescentlamps are used consistently inshelves, coves, and at mirrors.Animated vertical linear arrays of whiteLEDs are embedded in the white,translucent walls of the skincare area.The LEDs are individually programmedto stream down the wall in a pa tternreminiscent of rain.The annual competition, whichfocuses on furthering the understanding,knowledge and functionof lighting as a primary element indesign, requires the primary andpredominant use of Cooper Lightingproducts. Entries are judged onthe blending of aesthetics, creativeachievement, technical performanceand the degree to which thelighting meets project constraintsand design concept goals.Industries First Lineof Defence AgainstPolluted PowerSurgePure is known across NorthAmerica as the most reliable, longestlasting surge protection device onthe market. SurgePure is VirtuallyNon-Degrading utilizing itsunique ‘Thermal Control Circuitry’.SurgePure offers the Highest SurgeCapacities in the Industry and standsbehind it with a Lifetime Warranty.Conventional SPD/TVSS designsincorporate multi-element designsthat are prone to degradation withtime due to unequal stressing onthe paralleled MOV’s (Metal OxideVaristor). SurgePure incorporates a‘Single Element’ design. Only onevery large MOV on each surge path.This means that SurgePure is either100% operational or 0% operational.No in-the-middle or some form ofdegraded protection down the road.The SurgePure Advantage:• Lifetime Warranty• Highest Surge Capacities• Single Element Design• Thermal Control Circuitry• Surge Cushion Technology• Listed UL 1449, 3rd EditionCurrently Protecting:Oil / Gas / Mining CompaniesPower Plants / Wind GenerationWastewater Treatment PlantsMachine Shops / ManufacturingSawmills / Steel FabricationHigh Rise Condo / Office BuildingsHospitals / Police StationsAirports / Newspapers / CasinosCell Towers / Radio - TV StationsSchools / Collages / UniversitiesMalls / Churches / Banks / HotelsMotels / Restaurants / HousesGolf Courses / Gas StationsGrocery Stores / Rec. CentersBehind every SurgePure you’ll finda team of experts committed to highquality and excellence.When it comes to your electricalsystem there’s no room for secondguessing.Trust the reliable one,Trust SurgePure.Hi-Energy Surge ProtectionLISTED to the New UL 1449,3rd Edition Standard!!!If its not LISTED to the UL1449, 3rd Edition Standard,it’s not 3rd Edition!!!Effective September 29, 2009 allSurge Protection Devices (SPD/TVSS) must be LISTED per UL1449, 3rd Edition Standard.MADE IN THE U.S.A.Pioneers in Power Qualityand Protection since 1978!• Industrial Surge Protection• Highest Surge Capacities in the Industry• Greatly Extends All Equipment Life• Protection from Catastrophic Events- Lightning - Blackouts - Brownouts• Lifetime Warranty - Mach 2 models & up to the Mach 6• Easy to Install - Non-Invasive• Environmentally Friendly - Saves on landlls• SCCR - 200kAIC on all Models• Type 1 & Type 2 locations for line or load side- No independent breaker neededSelling integrity to your customers couldn’t be better!!!U.S.A. 1.866.959.7873Canada 1.877.833.5440www.EBMag.com • June/July 2010 • 33

Lightfair 2010 boasts phenomenal West Coast showingLightfair, North America’slargest annual architecturaland commercial lightingtrade show and conference,experienced its most phenomenalWest Coast show last month,and EBMag was there. The 2010show and conference, whichtook place in Las Vegas, endedwith a record-breaking numberof 22,000 registered attendees—increasing attendance by 10%from Lightfair 2008 (also inVegas) and making it the largestin Lightfair’s West Coast history.Boasting an exhibit hall of160,000 sf and nearly 1600booths, the 2010 trade showfloor featured 498 internationalmanufacturers—94 of whichrepresented countries outsideof the United States. Delegatesfrom 72 countries discovereda robust trade show floor ofinnovative product designs andintroductions, technologicaladvances and lighting solutions.The exhibitors and delegatescame from a variety of disciplines,representing a broadcross-section of professions, including:architects, consultants, specifiers,facility managers/owners, energyconsultants/specialists, landscapearchitects, visual merchandisers andinterior and retail designers; electricalengineers and engineers; lightingdesigners; electrical and generalcontractors; lighting retailers and distributors,and more.This year, Lightfair debuted a newpavilion on the trade show floor—theBuilding Integration Pavilion—aligning it with the three establishedproduct-specific pavilions: Daylighting,Design and Global Light +Design. The Building IntegrationPavilion featured companies withenterprise-system technologies usedto maximize and create energy-efficientbuildings.As the highlight of its LightingInnovation Awards program, Lightfairhonoured four companies as thelighting industry’s leaders in innovativeproduct design and technology:Helieon Sustainable Light ModuleSystem by Bridgelux and Molex (MostInnovative Product of the Year);Light-Drive Elite by Traxon USA(Design Excellence Award); SSL2102by NXP Semiconductors (TechnicalInnovation Award); and LightLouverDaylighting System by LightLouver(Judges’ Citation Award).The awards presentation also honouredBest of Category winners:• Conventional Lamps: Professional LED Bulb CTAby Ledzworld Technology SDN BHD• Ballasts, Transformers, Drivers: Quicktronic QHET5HO/SS System by Osram Sylvania• Chandeliers, Pendants, Sconces, Task Lights &Decorative Luminaires: Locking Ring and DecorativeLights by Recesso Lighting• Downlights, Wallwashers, Accent Lights: Element3 LED Downlight by Generation BrandsTech Lighting• Track, Low-Voltage, Cable & Rail Systems:Paloma by W2 Architectural Lighting/WACLighting• Fluorescent Based Troffers, Suspended, SurfaceLuminaires: DSBL Bi-Level Stairwell Luminairewith Deco-SMART system by DECO Lighting• Industrial, Vandal, Exit & Emergency Lighting:SAFR Series LED Luminaires by AZZ/RALRig A Lite• Roadway, Sports, Outdoor Architectural, SiteLighting: Sentinel Plasma Luminaire by PEMCOLighting Products• Landscape, Pool & Fountain Lighting:Luca by Structura• Theatrical, Floodlights, Specialty Luminaires:Series 6000 HP LED Cove Light featuringCandleLED LEDs by Tempo Industries.As we reported last month, Lightfair2011 is being held in Philadelphia,Pa. Keep reading EBMag (and visitEBMag.com) for more on Lightfair.34 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

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Electrical safety:it’s time to get serious!Andy CochraneDespite awareness campaigns,industry statistics and losssummaries, annual safetyconferences and numerous industryassociations driving the safety message,we still more often than not takea reactive approach than proactiveapproach to electrical safety.I am not pointing fingers or sermonizingbecause I was reactive, and I didnot take electrical safety as seriously asI should have until we had an electricalfire. Around 3am one morning my soncame into our bedroom and shoutedthat his bedroom was on fire. We rushedout of bed, saw the flames for ourselves(by which time the solitary smokedetector on the upper level decided tosound), woke the other two youngerchildren and made our way downstairs. Icalled 911 while my wife put the kids inthe car. A few moments later we were allsafe, watching our house burn and thefirefighters doing their job admirably.Thankfully no one was injured and thetwo older children had received somefire safety education at school. We had adefined escape route but beyond this wewere not adequately prepared for suchan event. Sure, we had smoke detectorson each level of the home and one fireextinguisher, but this was sorely inadequate.The investigation showed thereto be a wiring issue that led to overheatingof a lamp resulting in ignition ofinsulation material—and we discussedwith the fire department correctiveaction that we could easily undertake.Damage was minimal at $24,000 butby far the bigger impact was the inconvenienceof spending 12 weeks living ina hotel, filling out insurance form afterinsurance form, hunting for receipts tovalidate date of purchase and amount sothat claims could be processed, buyingnew clothes and trying to replace personalitems.Once we returned to the repairedhome, we installed smoke detectors inevery bedroom, we installed carbonmonoxide detectors on every level, westrategically placed fire extinguisher onevery level and once again reviewed ourfire escape plan. It was then that I cameacross an article on Risk Control Hierarchyand realized that, while the stepswe had taken were all valid, they wereaimed at protection not prevention,they were aimed at reacting quicker andmore effectively to the next incident.The smoke detectors in every roomprovided personal protection as did thefire extinguishers. The practice of noextension cords or extension plugs as asafety feature provided an administrativeresponse to being safer and avoidingoverheating. The continued practicingand establishment of escape routesprovided an awareness of how to react,but none of these can actually preventFIGURE 1: Risk Control Hierarchy ChartSteps for mitigating risk of the electric incident and their effectiveness.FIGURE 2: Ground Fault Losses Reported to FM Global(1992-2001)Graph shows Number of Losses (Y) and US$ Thousands (X).(Source: FM Global UTH: Ground Fault Protection 2001.)36 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

another event from occurring. Ihad spent $100 on additional detectors,etc., to react quicker and moreeffectively but had not implementedone real change that would avoidthe next electrical fire. We thenstarted to look closer at the idea ofmore effective electrical panels andoutlets, lowering or substitutingour risk and, of course, options foreliminating the risk. We had a newelectrical panel installed with AFCI(arc fault circuit interrupters) forall bedroom circuits; we had all ofour electrical outlets replaced andour aluminum wiring updated withcopper tails and, finally, we implementedthe simple but effectivestep of unplugging anything in thebedrooms at the end of each night.This investment in prevention cost$2800 and allowed us to avoid anyfurther incident. With a little foresightand being proactive instead ofreactive, this investment of $2800would likely have avoided the fire,the inconvenience, the replacementand rebuild cost of $24,000. If onlyI had viewed the $2800, not as anexpense, but as an investment inavoiding a greater issue.Quite often, the impact on business interruptionsand the indirect costs significantly outweigh the directcosts. NFPA notes: “During the five-year period of1994 through 1998, an estimated average of 16,900reported industrial and manufacturing structure firescaused 18 civilian deaths, 556 civilian injuries, and$789.6 million in direct property damage per year”.From this we can estimate that the average equipmentand property damage from an electrical fire is $46,700.There is a significant human cost to electricalaccidents and arc flash victims may suffer fromchronic pain and scarring. Workers may also havedifficulty re-integrating into the community, andmay experience anxiety, depression or other psychologicalsymptoms. The social and economic costsmay also be high. Workers’ compensation pays onlya portion of lost wages. Some workers may notbe able to return to their pre-injury job. Employersbear the costs associated with lost productivity,reduced competitiveness, employee rehiring andretraining, as well being subject to increases inworkers’ compensation premiums.But what about industry?Unfortunately we remain reactivein industry where the lossesare even more significant andthe frequency of electrical fireshigher. Whether we are the safetyoffice, the operations manager, thefacilities engineer, the CEO or aninsurance associate, we can andmust change our approach.One leading US-based insurancecompany notes that, over a sevenyearperiod, its clients reported228 losses that were attributedto ground faults resulting in paymentsof $180 million. There were72 occurrences in the commercialsector, hotels, universities, hospitalsand shopping malls at an averagecost of $830,000, and 156 occurrencesin manufacturing locationswith an average cost of $769,000.At the same time, we have statisticsthat suggest there are fiveto seven arc flash incidents perday in North America requiringhospitalization.A review of the costs shows theimpact of both direct and indirectcosts. On the direct side are thecosts associated with equipmentrepair and replacement, as well asthe direct medical costs associatedwith injuries. On the indirect side,we see the cost of business interruptionin terms of unscheduleddelays, employee training and redeployment,accident investigation,legal costs and possible fines, etc.B ENEFITS• See Clearer• Objects look Sharper• Colors are Crisper• High CRI Lighting (Color Rendering Index) 90+• The Color of Natural Sunlight: 5000K• 90% Lumen Maintenance(0.90 Lamp Lumen Depreciation)THE SYSTEMS APPROACH: BALLASTRONIX ®BALLASTS AND VENTURE LIGHTING LAMPS800-265-2690Available from electrical and lighting distributors across Canada. Contactyour local sales agent. Visit our website to find an agent near you.VentureLighting.com/Canada© 2010 Venture Lighting International.Venture Lighting and Natural White are registered trademarks of Venture Lighting InternationalVLC-0011A1-0410www.EBMag.com • June/July 2010 • 37

Published data from the Washington StateDepartment of Labor and Industries notes thatfrom September 2000 through December 2005, 350Washington workers were hospitalized for seriousburn injuries occurring at work. Of these, 30 (9%)were due to arc flash/blast events. Total Workers’Compensation costs associated with these 30 claimsexceeded $1.3 million, including reimbursementfor almost 1800 days of lost work time. From thiswe can estimate that the indirect impact in termsof personnel costs for an electrical incident average$43,000.Business interruptions due to unscheduleddowntime, repair, spoilage, etc., varies by industrywith per-hour costs ranging from $15,000 forautomotive companies, to $24,000 for mining and metal companies, to$90,000 for airline reservation companies.When we add the equipment and property damage estimates tothe personnel costs, to the business interruption costs, then add possiblefines and other indirect costs, it is quite easy to total in excess of$500,000 per incident—that’s in line with the experience of the insur -ance company detailed above.Moving to protection and preventionSo why then do we start electrical safety with a focus on protectionrather than prevention. We quite readily invest in safety awarenesstraining; we purchase and post warning signs; we insist on safetygoggles and gloves, and perhaps even PPE (personal protective equipment),yet we do not invest in prevention nor take the steps necessaryto eliminate or reduce the likelihood of an electrical incident.The most common grounding method in use in North America forboth commercial and industrial facilities is called solidly grounding. Inthis method, the neutral points have been intentionally connected to earthground with a conductor having no intentionalimpedance. This partially reduces the problem oftransient over-voltages associated with ungroundedsystems, which was the primary reason for thisoption’s growth from the 1970s onward. However,this grounding method has the highest incidentlevel of arc flash events and electrical fires. Thereare estimated to be around 60,000 industrial facilitiesin North America that operate ungroundedand 210,000 industrial facilities that operate solidlygrounded—despite the higher level of risk.The least common yet safest grounding methodin use today in North America is resistance grounding,where a resistor is connected between theneutral of the transformer secondary and the earthground. The reasons supporting this option for electrical grounding canbe found in several IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)Reference Guides:• IEEE 142, Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial andCommercial Power Systems.• IEEE 141, Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distributionfor Industrial PlantsThere is no arc flash hazard as there is with solidly grounded systemsbecause the fault current is limited to approximately 5A. Another benefitof high-resistance grounded systems is the limitation of ground faultcurrent (preventing damage to equipment).There have been technical advances in the detection and mitigation ofarc blasts in terms of current-limiting fuses, thermal ionization detectorsand optical arc detection relays. These, in addition to resistance grounding,offer an engineering approach to reducing the risk and substitutingwith a lower level of risk, yet are not often used by either the consultingor engineering communities, nor are they requested by safety officers orfacility managers, nor are they promoted by the insurance industry.38 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

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The cost of investing in prevention technologyranges depending on the size and complexity of theoperation being protected, but is likely from $15,000to $100,000. Still, that’s far below the $500,000 costimpact explored earlier. The likely payback in investingin prevention technology is less than a year—morelikely one to six months.Recently, there was an electrical fire at a recreationalfacility that resulted in consequential damagesof $1,000,000—mostly in business interruptioncosts and, as the forensic engineers and insuranceinvestigators conducted their reviews, the focus wassolely on product failure and finding someone toblame. They reviewed all aspects of the electricalequipment that was specified and installed (includingsettings and commissioning reports) but not once didthey stop to ask themselves whether the decision bythe consulting engineer to specify a solidly groundedsystem may have been a contributing factor.Industry data advises us that this is the groundingmethod with the highest likelihood of arc flashhazard. Why is it, then, when a tragedy occurs, weAre you looking to hire?Your source for temporary and full-time screened, skilled labour inElectrical and Structured CablingWe work with Non-Union and Open Shop Unions and any closedunion that provides authorization to work directly with their employersBenets to member employers•Your source for certi ed installers•FREE safety training packages•Screening and recruitment services•Access to upgrading for your current workforcewww.youthac.caProud supporters of as the National Standard forthe Structured Cabling IndustryTo nd out how to access your temporary or full-time workforcecontact an of ce near you:5 Kodiak Crescent, Unit 8, Toronto, Ontario M3J 3E564 Saltsman Drive Cambridge, Ontario N3H 4R7Please call 416-638-2199 for the Toronto locationor 519-653-5419 for the Cambridge locationYASC is an industry funded not-for-pro t organizationdedicated to promoting skilled tradesquestion everything but the chosengrounding method? There arepractical reasons for specifying asolidly grounded system, especiallywhen there’s an abundance of neutralloads to be served. But surelyin this scenario there is a responsibilityon the specifying engineerand the operating owner to ensurethat mitigation technologies suchas ZSIP or optical arc detection areinstalled so that, when an arc occurs(which is possible at some pointover the life of the equipment), theimpact is limited and safety assured.There is a place in industrial andcommercial facilities as there isin our own homes for protectionoptions, we should be made awareand understand the risks involvedwith electricity; we should havethe necessary protective clothingand equipment; we should completeelectrical safety awarenesstraining; we must also start to takea more proactive stance and startinvesting in prevention technology.I contacted my insurance brokerafter the house fire and advisedhim that I was installing newsmoke detectors, etc., and it wasrecommended that they be wiredinto the telephone system so that911 was automatically notified inthe event an alarm was triggered.I could save 10% on my monthlyinsurance costs (and this morethan covered the cost). I calledagain to advise that I was updatingthe wiring, installing a new electricalpanel with AFCI breakers,etc., to reduce—if not eliminate—the root causes. I was told therewould be no further reduction inpremium.So when I take protective measuresto react quicker, I receivea benefit from the insuranceindustry; when I make a moresignificant investment in preventivemeasures, then the insuranceindustry sits on the sidelines.Prevention technology is availablenow. It should be our firstchoice, not our last. As industryleaders, we must view it as aninvestment, not a cost. As safetyprofessionals or facilities managers,we must change our thinkingfrom protection to prevention. Thepayback is definable and real (andit sure would help if the insurancecompanies provided some support).It’s time to get serious aboutelectrical safety.Andy Cochrane is the president ofI-Gard Corp., a developer and manufacturerof products that protect powerequipment and the people who usethem. Visit www.i-gard.com.40 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

offer something for every needFUEL EFFICIENCY • SAFETY • COMFORT • CAPABILITY • DRIVE • NEW DESIGNSGerry MalloyArguably, few tools are more versatile ormore essential to your business than yourpickup truck. And for sure, little else youbuy presents you with so many choices ordemands so many decisions at time of purchase.The range of choice can be overwhelmingwith literally hundreds-of-thousands of combinationsand permutations of make, model,body-style, trim, engine, transmission, axleratio, wheelbase, box length. Load ratings andmiscellaneous options available.It’s a fast-changing product-line, too. Notonly are there several all-new models on themarket, even many carry-over versions haveundergone major changes to their powertrainsand other key equipment.Most of the advances in today’s trucks canbe categorized as improvements in one ormore of four major areas:• Fuel efficiency;• Safety;• Comfort, convenience and luxury;• Work capability.In fact, most of the pickups on the market canboast improvements in all four areas.Safety, which was once almost ignored inthis type of vehicle, has improved enormously.Almost every truck on the market now offersABS, electronic stability control – includingroll-over mitigation programming – side airbagsand much more as available options if notstandard equipment.We don’t have nearly enough space in thismagazine to provide you with a detailed analysisof all the pickup trucks that are or soonwill be available. But the following overviewshould give you a sense of what’s happeningin the market and what’s out there for yourconsideration.For more details on selected models, checkout the ‘Video Vehicle Reviews’, coming soonto EBMag.com.Full-size pickupsFull-size pickups are the core of the truckbusiness for manufacturers, outselling smallerpickups five-to-one. Which also means they arecore products for you, their customers. Here’s abrief look at what’s available and what’s new.• Ford F-SeriesFord’s wide-ranging F-Series is the best-sellingpickup truck in Canada. The light-duty F-150was all-new in 2009, when it was named both theMotor Trend and the North American Truck ofthe Year. It is available in five trim levels, threecab configurations and three box lengths, with achoice of three different high-tech overhead-camV-8 engines ranging from 248 to 310 hp. In itsmost fuel-efficient form it achieves a combinedfuel-consumption rating of 12.7 L/100 km.Among options available is Ford’s exclusivepackage of Work Solutions technologies,which include an in-dash computer with highspeedInternet; wireless accessories includinga mouse and printer; Tool Link, a Radio-FrequencyIdentification (RFID) asset trackingsystem that enables customers to maintain areal-time inventory of tools and equipmentstored in the vehicle; Crew Chief, a fleet telematicsand diagnostics system; and a CableLock security system to secure large equipmentin the cargo area.The ‘big’ news for 2011 is an all-new rangeof SuperDuty pickups, F-250/350, which alsooffer two new engines – a 6.2-litre gasolineV-8 and 6.7-litre Power Stroke turbochargeddiesel V-8 that generates 390 hp and 735 lb-ftof torque. Properly equipped, payload ratingscan extend up to 6,520 pounds.• Chevrolet Silverado / GMC Sier raAlthough they vary slightly in appearance anddetail, General Motors’ Chevrolet Silveradoand GMC Sierra are twins under the. Nowfour years into their current generation andat least a couple years from an all-new model,the light-duty (1500) models continue toevolve to match their newer competitors.A wide range of available configurationsincludes everything from jobsite-ready WorkTruck models to the luxuriously appointedLTZ crew cab. They encompass five trim levels,three cab configurations and two box lengths –plus a Hybrid. One V-6 and two pushrod V-8engines are offered in 4.3-litre, 4.8-litre and5.3-litre displacements respectively, with poweroutputs from 195 to 315 hp. New for 2010 isa fuel saver mode that enables the trucks tomake better use of GM’s Active Fuel Managementsystem, running on four-cylinders in lightthrottle conditions instead of eight.A all-new HD 2500/3500 lineup makes itdebut later this summer, incorporating a fullyboxedframe that improves torsional stiffnessby five times, and supports a maximum towrating of 21,700 lb. The standard engine is a6.0-litre Vortec V-8 with variable-valve-timingbut the piece de resistance is a new 6.6-litre turbochargedDuramax diesel V-8 that is said totop the segment in both power (397 hp) andtorque (765 lb-ft).www.EBMag.com • June/July 2010 • 41

• Dodge RamTechnically it’s just a Ram now, as the newFiat-controlled Chrysler has decreed that theDodge brand is reserved for passenger cars.Whatever you call it, it’s a formidable truck,running second in sales only to the F-150.Introduced in its current form as a 2009 model,the Ram 1500 earned Canadian Truck of theYear honours from the Automobile JournalistsAssociation of Canada (AJAC) and it’s won ahost of other awards since then.Like its major competitors, the Ram isoffered in multiplevariations, includingfive trim levels, threecab configurationsand two box lengths.Engine choicesinclude a 3.7-litre V-6and a 4.7-litre V-8,both overhead camdesigns, as well asthe legendary 390-hp5.7-litre Hemi V-8. Adistinguishing featureof the Ram 1500 is itsmulti-link coil rearsuspension, whichcontributes to a ridequality widely judged to be best-in-class.A new Ram Heavy Duty 2500/3500 lineupwas launched for 2010 and it was promptlycrowned Motor Trend’s truck of the year.Among its many attributes, Mega Cab modelsoffer the largest cab and greatest interior cargovolume in the segment. Powertrain choicesinclude the Hemi V-8 and the the legendary6.7-liter Cummins Turbo Diesel engine, whichproduces 650 lb-ft of torque and claims a major -overhaul interval of 560,000 km.• Toyota TundraBehind the Detroit Three in terms of sales is theTexas-built Toyota Tundra. While its range ofofferings isn’t as extensive as those from Detroit,it is available in 15 models with three cab configurationsand three bed-lengths. A new 4.6-litre V-8engine that replaces the previous 4.7-litre versionfor 2010 generates 12 percent more power (310hp) while improving fuel efficiency by 11 percent.With a combined fuel consumption rating of 12.1L/100 km, Toyota claims it to be the most fuelefficientconventional full size pickup truck. Alsoavailable is a 5.7-litre V-8 that produces 381 hp.• Nissan TitanNissan’s full-size Titan, which is built in Mississippi,hasn’t achieved the sales success thecompany hoped for, but that doesn’t mean it’snot a worthy competitor. It is offered in four trimlevels, two cab configurations and three bedlengths,including a longest-in-class bed with theCrew Cab configuration. All models are poweredby a 317-hp 5.6-litre V-8 engine. Among theTitan’s many innovations are rear doors (KingCab) that open nearly 180 degrees, an availablehigh-utility bed that includes a spray-on bedliner,a Utili-track tie-down system and a lockable bedsidestorage compartment.Small/mid-size pickupsWhile they are not nearly as popular as theirfull-size siblings, small and mid-size pickupsprovide all the space, capability and versatilitymany businesses need. And in some cases theyincorporate innovations that aren’t available inthe bigger trucks.Here’s a quick overview of what’s available.• Ford Ranger / Mazda B-SeriesLike it’s bigger brother, the Ford Ranger is thebest-seller in its class, even though it’s amongthe oldest designs on the market. Key to thatpopularity is Ford’s aggressive pricing strategy,which offers great value, particularly in the mostpopular models. A 2.3-litre four-cylinder engineis standard and a 4.0-litre V-6 is optional. Regularand SuperCab configurations are offered inshort and long wheelbase versions.Mazda’s B-Series pickup is essentially thesame as the Ranger, with minor trim andappearance differences.• Toyota TacomaIn a departure from the full-size pickup market,Toyota’s long-established Tacoma is the secondbestseller in the category, behind Ford. TheTacoma approaches full-size status in severalrespects, including an 1150-lb payload rating and3500-lb towing capacity. It is offered in sevenmodels, with two cab sizes. Both a 2.7-litre fourcylinderand a 4.0-litre V-6 engine are available.• Chevrolet Colorado / GMC CanyonLike their bigger siblings, the Chevrolet Coloradoand GMC Canyon are twins under theskin. Three trim levels, three cab configurations,three box lengths and three enginechoices are offered – including a new-for-20105.3-litre V-8. The other engines available are a2.9-litre four and a 3.7-litre five-cylinder.• Dodge DakotaCloser to full-size than compact, the mid-sizeDodge Dakota is a real alternative to largerpickups. Boasting more interior room than itscompetitors, Dakota is offered in four trim levelsand two cab configurations. It comes standardwith a 3.7-liter V-6 engine and a 4.7-liter V-8,with two spark plugs per cylinder is optional.Revised suspensiontuning for 2010 are saidto improve both rideand handling.• Nissan Frontier /Suzuki EquatorNissan’s venerableFrontier, which sharesits suspension layoutand many componentdesigns with the largerTitan, continues into2010 with little that’snew. It’s available in two cab configurationsand four trim levels with either a 2.9-litre four -cylinder or 4.0-litre V-6 engine. Nissan claimsbest-in-segment power, torque, towing and payloadratings for V-6-equipped models.What is new to the Canadian market is theSuzuki Equator, which is based on the Frontierand shares most of its specifications. It’s offeredhere initially as a single model – a four -wheeldriveV-6 crew cab that is competitively priced.• Honda RidgelineThe Honda Ridgeline is an anomaly amongpickups. Created from a clean slate, it overlapsthe mid-size and full-size segments in size butin appearance and design it deviates substantiallyfrom the norm – for the better in manyrespects. It’s the only truck to feature unitized,rather than body-on-frame, construction,although it incorporates fully-boxed frame railsin that unitized structure. It’s offered in fourtrim levels with a single configuration – a four -door AWD model. Power comes from a 250-hp3.5-litre V-6 engine. While it doesn’t look likea regular pickup truck it can perform like one,with a payload rating of 1554 lb and towingcapacity up to 5000 lb.Specialty trucksThere are several variations on the pickup thatare at least interesting if not wholly practical aswork trucks.The most practical, perhaps, is theChevrolet Avalanche – a variant of theSilverado that incorporates a unique cab designwith what GM calls a mid-gate. Effectively,the back of the four-door cab opens to extendthe pickup bed into the cab – in the open air .The Cadillac Escalade EXT is, in effect, anAvalanche de luxe and it’s available in Hybridform as well.Ford’s SVT Raptor is a variant of theF-150 that is, simply stated, a factory hot-rodintended for serious off-road adventure. It’swhat every work truck longs to be!42 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

Best in class Fuel Economy, Gas or Diesel † ,from two all-new Ford-built engines.THE NEWSUPERDUTY6,520lbs. payload390horsepower735of torqueLBFT16,000lbs. towing† Standard Gas or available Diesel engines. Projected best in class fuel economy based on competitive data available at the time of testing using Ford drive-cycle tests (in accordance with the guidelines of the Society of Automotive Engineers’ Standard J1321) of comparably equipped 2011 Ford vs. 2010 Competitive models. Maximum payload of 6,520 lbs. (2,957 kg) on F-350 DRWRegular Cab 4x2 when properly equipped. Class is Full-size Pickups over 8500 lbs. GVWR vs. 2010 competitive models. *Conventional towing up to 16,000 lbs, or up to 24,400 lbs. on F-450 when properly equipped with 5th wheel/goose neck. Class is Full-size Pickups over 8500 lbs. GVWR vs. 2010 competitive models. ‡Max horsepower & torque based on Super Duty Diesel engine.‡‡*

lighting productsStandard 3W MR16 and 4W GU10 LED lampsStandard has introduced a line of energy-efficient,drop-in replacement MR16 (3 watt) andGU10 (4 watt) LED lamps, equivalent to 20WMR16 and 35W GU10 halogen lamp, respectively.Available in Warm White (3000K) andNeutral White (4200K), these lamps are intendedto replace any existing halogen MR16 and GU10application without compromising the design ofthe fixture. These lamps emit virtually no heat ordamaging UV/IR light during operation.STANDARD PRODUCTSwww.standardpro.comHessAmerica Sera LEDpole-mounted luminaireHessAmericaís pedestrian-scale Sera LEDluminaire emits no uplight above 90º horizontal,and can be used for LEED lightingzones LZ2 through LZ4. The optical systemconsists of two high-power LEDs workingin conjunction with a reflector and prismaticlens; light from the LED module is reflectedoutward and refracted through the lens toproduce a long and narrow light distributionpattern. The prisms on the inside of the lensminimize the visual brightness of the luminairewhile producing uniform illuminationon the ground. Total power consumption is39 watts. The Sera housing and integral fitterproductsMacroAir solar HVLS industrial fanMacroAir Technologies introduced the MacroVoltaicfan: a solar high-volume low-speed(HVLS) industrial fan. HVLS fan technologyis designed to generate a column of airthat flows down to the ground and outward360º. The MacroVoltaic air movement systemincludes the HVLS fan with an attached controller,a specialized component that convertspower from solar panels, as well as the solarpanels, which have a 20-year warranty, standardremote control, an optional auxiliarypower supply, and an optional battery backup.MACROAIR TECHNOLOGIESwww.macro-air.comGreenlee ES1000 cable cutterGreenleeís ES1000 comes with a 2 1/8-in.diameter blade opening, making it suitable forcutting jacketed underground cables. The cablecutter is equipped with a Forward/Reverselever so, should you change your mind aboutthe cable youíre cutting, you simply shift thelever to fully open the blades. The precisiongroundblades are extra thick, meaning theyshouldnít flex during a cut. Greenlee says theare die-cast aluminum; the formed aluminumdoor latch is flush to the housing and providestool-less access to the luminaire.HESSAMERICAwww.hessamerica.comJesco Sleek Plus LED S801 linearundercabinet lightingJesco introduced the Sleek Plus LED S801:an LED linear lighting system designed forresidential and commercial use in undercabinet(and similar) and interior cove lighting applications(straight or angled). S801 modules are0.875 x 2-in. wide, come in 12-in., 24-in. and36-in. lengths, and use 8.6 to 24.1 watts/foot.Modules operate on 120 line voltage, requireno transformers, plug in to standard wallsockets and provide uniform 3000K color temperatures.The fixtures can be switched betweenpreset full output lighting or dimmed-outputbackground lighting. The units are constructedof aluminum extrusions (for the housing) withintegral mounting connectors, include a 6-ftcord, a 3-prong plug and a direct connector forcurved lighting designs.JESCOwww.jescolighting.comES1000ís light weight (7.5 lb) and small size(14 3/4-in. long) makes it easy to store on atruck, carry to the jobsite, and operate in tightspaces. The cutter uses a 14.4V battery thatexecutes about 35 cuts in 1000 kcmil copperper charge (the battery itself takes about anhour to recharge). Each tool includes two batteries,a moulded carrying case and the choiceof 120V or 230V charger.GREENLEEwww.greenlee.comWAC Invisiled Classic 24V outdoortape light systemDesigned for outdoor accent and displaylighting applications, WAC Lighting unveiledthe Invisiled Classic 24V outdoor systemof LED tape lightsóthe newest addition tothe firmís Invisiled family. The fixtures areIP68-rated for submersion in water up to5 ft, as well as cUL listed for wet locations.The LED consumes 2 watts/ft, and measures1/8th of an inch thick and half an inch wide.Each Invisiled strip can be mounted withscrew-based clips; the tape is available in fieldcuttable1-ft, 5-ft and 10-ft sections.WAC LIGHTINGwww.waclighting.comHigh-Lites HEPC emergency power controlHigh-Litesí HEPC Series of emergency powercontrols adapt locally switched lighting fixturesfor emergency operation during powerinterruptions. The seriesí design bypasses thelocal switch so the lighting fixture will illuminate,regardless of wall switch position duringemergency conditions. The controls also saveenergy by eliminating the need for night-lightcircuits, and are designed for easy installationin standard electrical boxes. The HEPC Seriesis compatible with motion detectors and photocells,and is approved for in-wall or in-ceilingapplications. Models are available for 120vACor 277vAC operation, and visual power readinessindicators provide status at a glance.HIGH-LITESwww.highliteslighting.comBulbrite elegant KX2000 Krystal Touchkrypton bulbsDesigned as a light source for ìelegantî crystalfixtures, Bulbrite offers the Krystal Touch lineof krypton bulbs. The series is an extension ofthe companyís full-line of krypton and xenonlamps, featuring the KX-2000 as its lamp.The bulbs promise a sparkling white light andhigher lumens at a lower wattage. The KrystalTouch line includes a Flame Tip and TorpedoChandelier style, G-11, G-16 1/2óall with aclear finish. Operating on 120V systems, themodels range from 10 to 60 watts, and thebulbs are offered in candelabra and mediumbases. (Pictured is Schonbekís Quantum lightingfixture using Krystal Touch bulbs.)BULBRITEwww.bulbrite.comBosch 12V PS21 Pocket DriverBosch says the key attribute of its new ultracompact,cordless PS21 Pocket Driver is itsability to reach and maneuver in tight spaces.The driver features both a shortened headlength (5.6 in.) and shorter height (7 in.) frombase to top. Along with its compact size, thePS21 weighs 1.8 lb, making it the lightest inits class, says Bosch, delivering 265 in.-lb oftorque. Other notable performance enhancementsinclude a two-speed drivetrain (0-350rpm / 0-1300 rpm) and an upgrade from a10+1 clutch to a 20+1 clutch. Bosch says bothimprovements were direct responses to enduserfeedback, and are designed to deliverprecise control regardless of application.BOSCHwww.boschtools.comLind LE1425LED worklightLind Equipment has partnered withelectrical distributor Westburne todistribute its LE1425LED heavy-dutyLED work light. The LE1425LEDoperates as a dual-mode light, combiningLEDs along the length ofthe light to operate as a work light with ahigh-powered LED on the top end for flashlightoperation. Built with a replaceable polycarbonatelens and rubber end caps, the light is designedfor heavy-duty use and can withstand drops andother kinds of abuse, says Lind. Despite theheavy-duty design, Lind says the worklight isincredibly light, with the light head weighing lessthan a pound. The product comes with 25 in. ofcord and dual hanging hooks. (It is also availableon a 40-in. auto-retracting cord reel under partnumber LE1440RLED).LIND EQUIPMENTwww.lindequipment.net44 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

®ElecLOADBANKSfor RENT600V,480V & 208V Genset load testingand UPS load testing equipment.Metering, Cables and tech support available.Shipped anywhere.Call 1-800-385-4421 for rates.WE BUY AND SELL GENERATORSproduct showcaseFluke brings you thefirst affordable 320 x240 resolution infraredthermal imager builtto withstand a 6.5 footdrop. IR-Fusion® andSmartView® analyzingand reporting softwareincluded. It’s got thepicture-in-picturequality you’ll want tofind it, fix it, fast!www.flukecanada.caVisit www.EBMag.comand click tostart your experience!ADVERTISER'S INDEXADVERTISER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE#3M Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6ABB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Acuity Brands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Arlington Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Britech Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Canada Training Group . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Chess Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Eaton Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Enphase Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Falvo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Flir Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Fluke Electronics Canada . . . . . . . . . . . 45Ford Motor Company Canada . . . . . . . . 43GTAA Festi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Hammond Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . 10Hammond Power Solutions . . . . . . . . . . 28Hubbell Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Ideal Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38IED Limited Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . 48RAYLEWPOWER SYSTEMS INC.Electric Power Generating Equipment Inc.www.raylewpower.comis alsoDigital!ADVERTISER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE#Ipex Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,25Ipex Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Lind Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Milwaukee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Nexans Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Northern Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Power Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Raylew Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45RC Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Schneider Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Southwire Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Standard Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Stanpro Lighting Systems . . . . . . . . . . 27SurgePure Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Techspan Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Thomas & Betts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,5,11Ultrasave Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Venture Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Youth Apprenticeship . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40THE BENCHMARK IN ELECTRICALSAFETY INFORMATIONServices:- Electrical Industry Consulting- Training Development- Electrical Safety Assessments- Benchmarking- Feasibility Studiestraining assessments consultingContactKris Paszkowiak, P.ENG.Phone: (905) 599-2702eMail: kris.paszkowiak@gmail.comWANTEDMolded Case Circuit Breakers. New & Used, All Brands.Motor Control & MCC. Buckets in A&B, S.D. & W.H. & C.H.Please call, email or fax Ralph Falvo with your list.FALVO ELECTRICAL SUPPLY LTD.5838-87A St., Edmonton, Alberta1-800-661-8892780-466-8078 Fax 780-468-1181email: rjf@falvo.comDon’t miss outon your next issue ofElectrical BusinessSign up for yourFREE SUBSCRIPTIONIt’s fast, it’s easy and it’s free!Here’s how:For fastestservice visitwww.ebmag.comand click thesubscribe buttonPM # 4 063602SECUREX/LVTFIRE ALARM ANDLV CONTROL CABLELEAD FREEwww.ebmag.comA CLB MEDIA INC. PUBLICATION • MAY 2009 • VOLUME 45 • ISSUE 5Open protocoldigital lightingAlso in this issue .FutureBuilding 2009 a.k.a. “We built that!”(Page 7)Learning to provid energy e ficiency services (Page 20)• ECAA enhanced Master Electrician program (Page 16)EB_May09_1-14.in d 1 5/14/09www.EBMag.com • June/July 2010 • 45

code fileKris Paszkowiak, P.Eng.Voltage drop calculations and heartacheVoltage drop can be defined as a reductionin voltage in an electrical circuit betweenthe power source and the load. Thisdifference in voltage is developed across aconductor by the flow of current through theresistance or impedance of that conductor.There is a variety of different factors thathave impact on voltage drop, key factorsbeing the wire size and the circuit length.Some additional factors include the size ofthe load, circuit parameters such as singlephase or three phase, voltage at the secondaryterminals of the supply transformer, the typeof conductor material such as copper oraluminum, and the type of raceway.Supply authorities must ensure that servicevoltages stay within the limits specified inCSA CAN3-C235-83 to be certain thatcustomers’ electrical equipment will operateefficiently throughout the range of the actualvoltages on the system and that certifiedelectrical equipment is designed to operateQuestions and answers compiled by the Electrical Safety AuthorityTackle The CodeConundrum...if you dareAnswers to this month’squestions in August'sElectrical Business.How did you dowith May’s quiz?Are you a...Master Electrician ? (3 of 3)Journeyman ? (2 of 3)Apprentice ? (1 of 3)Plumber ?! (0 of 3)Question 1VISIT WWW.ESASAFE.COMWhere an extension ring is installed on a junctionbox, the useable space in the assembly shall be1.5 times the volume of the junction box.a) Trueb) FalseQuestion 2Where exit signs are connected to an electricalcircuit, that circuit shall be used for no otherpurpose.a) Trueb) FalseQuestion 3In Class 1 circuits, the overcurrent devices shallbe located...a) at the point where the conductor to beprotected receives its supply.b) within 3 m of the point where the conductorto be protected receives its supply.c ) within 7.5 m of the point where theconductor to be protected receives its supply.d) in the primary circuit of the Class 1 powersupply.within an acceptable steady-state voltagerange.Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) Rule8-102 requires that the voltage drop be basedon the calculated demand load of the feederor branch circuit. In the case of a branchcircuit, the calculated demand must be eitherthe connected load if known or 80% of therating of the fuse or circuit breaker protectingthe branch circuit, whichever is smaller. Also,the voltage drop must not exceed 5% fromthe supply side of the consumer’s service tothe point of utilization and must not be morethan 3% in a feeder or branch circuit.Voltage drop of a branch circuit can beeasily calculated. CEC Appendix D containsa couple of helpful Tables such as Table D3for low voltage circuits and Table D4 for extralow voltage circuits.It is a common belief that in residential typeinstallations voltage drop is not a concernbecause the circuit length is short. Let’s doAnswers to Code ConundrumElectrical Business M ay 2010Q-1: According to Rule 26-010, apermanent, legible warning notice carryingthe wording “Danger: High Voltage”or similar shall be placed ___ in aconspicuous position on a station fence.d) All of the above. Item 36-006(1)(e).Q-2: Overcurrent devices anddisconnecting means for the separatecircuit supplying a fire alarm system shallbe clearly identified as the fire alarmpower supply in a permanent, conspicuousand legible manner, and the disconnectingmeans shall be ___d) Red and lockable in the ON position.Subrule 32-108(2).Q-3: A neon power supply transformer withan open circuit voltage of more than ___V between any combination of leads orterminals shall require secondary circuitground fault protection.b) 6000 V. Rule 34-302a quick voltage drop calculation using TableD3. Let’s assume a typical residential branchcircuit consisting of two No. 14 AWG NMD90copper conductors carrying a maximum load of12 amps.Using Table D3 and the distance correctionfactor for 90°C cable, we can quicklydetermine that we can only go a maximumof about 30 m to comply with the 3%voltage drop requirement for branch circuits.This calculation shows that in today’s largeresidential homes, 30 m is not very far andselecting a proper conductor size where there isa need to go a distance becomes a concern.This problem becomes even morepronounced when we are working with extralow voltage circuits and the application of Rule46-306 Remote lamps and Table D4. Onesimple fix is to use larger conductors where weencounter longer circuits.In the end, making adequate voltage dropa consideration when sizing circuits couldbe beneficial to the life of your operatingequipment. Misconceptions are common whenit comes to voltage drop, but learning why it’simportant and how to calculate it could end upsaving you time, money and heartache in thelong run.Kris Paszkowiak is principal of CodeSafetyAssociates, a consulting firm serving the needs of theelectrical industry. He holds a Master Electricianlicence and has served numerous organizations overthe years, including the Canadian Advisory Councilon Electrical Safety, Committee on CE Code PartI and UL Electrical Council. E-mail CodeSafetyAssociates at kris.paszkowiak@codesafety.ca.Always consultthe electrical inspectionauthority in your province/territory for more specificinterpretations.46 • June/July 2010 • www.EBMag.com

© 2007-2009 Arlington Industries,INDOORFor NEWor OLD WORKOption:box coverDFVRCIN BOXRECESSED ELECTRICAL BOXPaintableTMFor new or oldwork indoors,recessed IN BOXelectrical box allowsyou to place furnitureand countertop items(coffee makers, etc)close to the wall.• Non-metallic withpaintable trim plate• Plugs stay inside –don’t extend pastthe wall• One, two, three,four-gang for poweror low voltageDVFR1WSingle-gangMETAL &PLASTIC!ANYBODY SHIPS AS AN LB but...It’s any body you want it to be!935NM2" PlasticArlington’s aluminum or plastic AnyBODY ships as an LB, but convertsto a T, LL, LR or C by switching the covers and threaded flangesto create the style you need.Easy and convenient, it saves you the hassle, space,cost of stocking five different conduit bodies.Competitively priced with LBs –NO EXTRA COST for the normallymore expensive T - UL/CSA Listed.Plastic 1/2" to 4"Includes three flanges w/ glue-inpipe joint.Aluminum 1/2" to 4"Includes threaded flanges for threeopenings. 1/2" to 2" are combinationEMT/rigid – threaded for rigid, but theyalso have a set-screw for use with EMT.ArlingtonPatented/Other patents pendingRECESSEDBOX LOW PROFILEDVFR2W 2-gangw/ separator800/233-4717 • www.arlnew.com/InBoxIntWEATHERPROOF IN USE COVERArlington800/233-4717 • www.aifittings.comfor OUTDOOR FIXTURES & DEVICESGARD N POS TMENCLOSURES & SUPPORTS©Arlington Industries, Inc.for Vinyl &Rigid SidingCSA withgrounding lugonlyArlington’s Gard-N-Post enclosures andsupports offer the attractive, safe, and easyway to install a light fixture and/or one ortwo devices outdoors!LowvoltageseparatorPOWERDBVR131Cfor any vinyl siding• No siding block• Flange hides siding endsLOWVOLTAGENo extra parts topurchase or handle,mean you’ll save bigon labor and materialswith IN BOX.For exterior use, theone-piece, recessedIN BOX electrical boxeliminates installingmultiple pieces (electricalbox, bubble coverassembly and sidingblock on siding.)The job looks greatbecause IN BOXinstalls in the wall –so less shows outside.• Non-metallic, 22.0cu. inch electricalbox with weatherproofin use clearor white cover• Accepts single-gangdevices – no gasketsrequired• Canada orders shipwith grounding lugArlingtonfor TexturedSurfacesDBVM1Cfor stucco,texturedsurfaces& rigid sidingDFVRC800/233-4717 • www.aifittings.com//Installs in the wallLessshowsoutside!Also for Retrofit Flat SurfacesBrick • Foam Wall Systems...in one and two-gang stylesPatented. Other patents pending.©2006-2008 Arlington Industries, Inc.IN BOX meets 2008 NEC, Sect. 406.8Where a weatherproof-in-use cover isrequired for 15 or 20 amp receptaclesinstalled outdoors.GPL1919.5"low profilesupportforoutdoorfixturesGPD9 9" postor deckmountGPP60BfixturePatented/Other patents pendingGP19GPD1919.5"enclosureGP26 w/ built-in26" support cover/outdoor fixtures15" supportfor 3-wirefixturesGPLN1519.5" GPLNalso availablePatented.Otherpatentspending.GPBK 35" Bollard Kitwww.arlnew.com/gpGP3737"SupportGPX18Optional18" ExtenderMore convenient than ever!GP19, GP26, GP37 our most popular sizes,come with a separator so you caninstall power and low voltage outletsoutside – in the same post.• Non-metallic, heavy-dutyUV rated plastic• Damage resistant• Molded-in color - No chipping like youget with painted posts• GARD-N-POST – in a variety of stylesfrom 9" to 73" tallFournon-chipping colors!AvailablewithGround Clipfor use inCanadaArlingtonScranton, PA 18517800/233-4717 • www.aifittings.com© 2005 , 2006 Arlington Industries, Inc.

If you’re not buying from an IED Distributor, you’re notgetting the most out of your electrical purchases.If you have to buy electrical supplies anyway, then why not receive points towards cool rewardswhile you’re at it? You’ll find a powerful lineup of products – from the latest gadgets, games andelectronics to unique items that are a collector’s dream. The program is simple. We reward ourcustomers for purchasing participating suppliers’ products from an IED Distributor. You earn onepoint for every dollar spent (1) at any IED Distributors (2) across Canada. Your points are updatedmonthly and you can begin receiving rewards for as little as 700 points (3) . It couldn’t be easier.Stop getting nothing. Start getting rewards. Sign up today.To enroll, log on to www.iedrewards.ca, click on register and then follow the prompts.(1) Points earned on purchases from participating IED Distributors and participating suppliers only. (2) Rules on website apply.(3) Points can be converted to charitable donations to ensure compliance with individual corporate policies.Visit www.ied.ca for the IED distributor nearest you.Beaulieu & Lamoureux • CDE • Del’s Distributors • Deschênes & Fils • Diversified VenturesDixon Electric • Dubo Électrique • Eddy Group • Eecol Electric • Electrimat Ltée • Espo ElectricEWS – Leamington • Grey-Bruce Electric • House of Electrical • J.D. Paré • J.W. Bird • Marchand ElectricalMcLoughlan Supplies • P. Wolf Lighting • Les Distributeurs Papineau • Paul Wolf/Kester • E.G. PennerPowrmatic • Province Electric • Robertson Electric • Thornes/Source Atlantic • Tradelco Inc. • Western Equipment