Microfinance Banks and Household Access to Finance

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Table 7. Volume effect: Multivariate analysisEstimations in this table are in first differences of variables. Households in 2006 are matched with households in2010 based on observables (ProCredit Bank close in 2006, Retail Bank close in 2006, Town close, Low income andInformal income). Regressions are estimated using OLS. Standard errors are clustered at the PSU level and arereported in brackets. ***, **, * denote significance at the 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10-level. Definition and sources of thevariables are provided in table 2.1 2Households Retail Bank close Retail Bank not closeDependent variable D.Account D.AccountD.ProCredit close 0.256** 0.380***[0.103] [0.038]D.Female 0.072 -0.01[0.045] [0.041]D.University degree 0.085 0.116**[0.072] [0.048]D.Household size -0.012 0.016*[0.012] [0.008]D.Age of household head -0.056 0.021[0.064] [0.057]D.Official Language 0.117 0.000[0.084] [0.083]D.Muslim 0.083 -0.110*[0.056] [0.057]D.Car 0.049 0.034[0.056] [0.030]D.Computer 0.032 0.150**[0.091] [0.057]D.Mobile phone 0.243*** 0.084**[0.059] [0.037]D.Internet 0.188** 0.087[0.088] [0.056]Observations 477 1,017R-squared 0.145 0.093Number of Household Pairs 477 1,017Method OLS OLS
Table 8. Location and volume effect: Instrumental variables approachEstimations in this table are in first differences. Households in 2006 are matched with households in 2010 based on observables (ProCredit Bankclose in 2006, Retail Bank close in 2006, Town close, Low income, Informal income). Control variables are D. University degree , D. Household size ,D. Age , D. Official Language , D. Muslim , D. Car , D. Computer , D. Mobile phone , D. Internet . Instrumental variables are Avg. Low income , Avg.Informal income , Avg. Muslim in 2010 as well as Town close and are calculated for each household in a given PSU as the averages over all otherhouseholds within the same PSU. Regressions are estimated using IV. Standard errors are clustered at matched HH pair level and are reported inbrackets. ***, **, * denote significance at the 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10-level. Definition and sources of the variables are provided in table 2.Sample1 2 3 4Retail bank closeRetail bank not closeDependant variable D.ProCredit close D.Account D.ProCredit close D.AccountD.ProCredit close 0.491** -0.862[0.196] [2.685]Avg. Low income 2010 0.518* 0.011[0.279] [0.054]Avg. Informal income 2010 0.28 -0.054[0.351] [0.063]Town close 0.275 -0.038[0.168] [0.034]Avg. Muslim 2010 -0.332* 0.019[0.167] [0.032]Control variables YES YES YES YESObservations 477 477 1,017 1,017Model IV IV IV IVF-test 4.41 0.50Prob>F 0.000 0.730Hansen statistic 1.67 3.22Chi-sq(2) P-val 0.640 0.360Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F stat. 61.74 15.74Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald P-Value 0.000 0.000
Page 1 and 2: Microfinance Banks and Household Ac
Page 4 and 5: stronger increase in the use of ban
Page 6 and 7: and Strøm (2010) examine data for
Page 8 and 9: of this extra interest in terms of
Page 10 and 11: households which have low transacti
Page 13 and 14: 3. Data and Methodology3.1. Life in
Page 15 and 16: anches in our sample increased from
Page 17 and 18: eluctant to use commercial banking
Page 19 and 20: more likely to open new branches in
Page 21 and 22: The results presented in Appendix 3
Page 23 and 24: estimate the location decision of P
Page 25 and 26: etail bank is already present, ProC
Page 27 and 28: household types with the interactio
Page 29 and 30: investment in microfinance banks se
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Variable definitions and s
Page 33 and 34: Table 4. Summary statistics of all
Page 35: Table 6. Volume effect: Univariate
Page 39 and 40: Table 10. Composition effect: Multi
Page 41 and 42: Appendix 2a. Albania: Bank and hous
Page 43 and 44: Appendix 2c. Macedonia: Bank and ho
Page 45: Appendix 3. Volume effect: Robustne

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