HALF THE SKY: MATERNAL MORTALITYGlossaryMaternal HealthFertility rateThe number of children that the average woman will have in herlifetime. This can differ significantly between continents and countries.FistulaA hole between an internal organ and the outside of the bodythat should not exist. Obstetric fistula develops when the bloodsupply to the reproductive organs is cut off during prolonged andobstructed labor. It is estimated that there are up to 100,000 newfistula cases each year and over two million women living withobstetric fistula.Female Genital MutilationFemale genital mutilation (also known as female circumcision orgenital cutting) is the removal of part or all of the external femalegenitalia, and in its most severe form, a woman or girl has all ofher genitalia removed and then stitched together, leaving a smallopening for urination, intercourse, and menstruation. This practicehas a direct effect on women and girls’ reproductive and maternalhealth and can have grave consequences during childbirth.Maternal death/mortalityThe death of a woman during or shortly after a pregnancy, or within42 days of the termination of a pregnancy. Death could be from anycause related to the pregnancy but not from accidental or incidentalcauses. The major direct causes of maternal illness and death includehemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, and obstructed labor.Maternal healthThe health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and immediatelyafter the birth of a baby (also known as the postpartum period).Maternal mortality rateThe number of maternal deaths due to childbearing per 100,000live births.Modern contraceptionA variety of products and procedures that are used toprevent pregnancy.Obstructed laborAn important cause of maternal death in women, predominantly inthe developing world. Due to poor nutrition women’s bodies havenot developed properly and they have small pelvises, which makesgiving birth difficult. Obstructed labor also causes significant lifethreatening complications in the short-term (notably infection) andlong-term (notably obstetric fistulas).Pre-eclampsia and EclampsiaA dangerous combination of high blood pressure, fluid retention,and high levels of protein in the urine of women after their 20thweek of pregnancy. If not treated, pre-eclampsia can worsen intoeclampsia, a potentially fatal condition that results in seizures andcoma. Pre-eclampsia puts unborn children and their mothers atgreat risk.Prenatal and PostnatalPrenatal is the period of pregnancy after conception and before thebaby is born. Postnatal (also known as postpartum) is the period ofabout six weeks following the birth of a baby.Reproductive healthThe health and well being associated with sex, conception,pregnancy, and childbirth for both men and women at all fertilestages of life. Sepsis (septicemia): A condition in which the body isfighting a severe infection that has spread via the bloodstream. If aperson becomes “septic,” they will likely be in a state of low bloodpressure or “shock.” This condition can develop either as a result ofthe body’s own defense system, or from toxic substances made bythe infecting agent (such as a bacteria, virus, or fungus).Sepsis (septicemia)A condition in which the body is fighting a severe infection that hasspread via the bloodstream. If a person becomes "septic," they willlikely be in a state of low blood pressure or "shock." This conditioncan develop either as a result of the body's own defense system,or from toxic substances made by the infecting agent (such as abacteria, virus, or fungus).Adapted from Marie Stopes International (MSI) Make Women Matter campaign
Student Handout A:Why Does Maternal Health Matter to Me? (page 1)HALF THE SKY: MATERNAL MORTALITYName:Date:Class:In preparation for viewing the film module Half the Sky: Maternal Mortality, please complete thefollowing handout:1. Do you know anyone in your own life who has had a baby?If so, who was it and what is her relationship to you?What was that experience like for you?Based on your experience, how did the pregnancy and birth affect the woman and her family?What was the experience like for the men in her life? (The baby’s father, brothers, uncles, grandfathers, etc.)Was the experience for the men in her life different than for the women in her life?