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Making use of shotgun-type microphones has improved thedirectionality of our initial prototype. The use of lasermicrophonesmight increase range significantly. With networkcapabilities we could create a worn antenna array capableof sound localization using time-of-arrival.One can imagine a type of wearable simultaneous localizationand mapping (SLAM) system. This could be a fusion ofantenna-array sound localization and laser ranging and detection(LADAR). Such a system might use a Bayesian networkto estimate object location based on data provided byboth audio and optical sensing systems.Figure 2. An Aural Antenna module incorporating lithium-ion polymerbattery, 20 MHz, 8-bit microcontroller, and vibrotactile motor.SMA = s t + s t−1 + ···+ s t−(k−1)k(1)δ = |s t − SMA| (2)If δ is greater than 21010(10% of the dynamic range of the analogto digital converter), then the vibrator is activated with100% duty cycle until the next sample is processed. Thismoving average works as an extremely rudimentary adaptivebackground noise filter. The vibrating motor is controlled bya MOSFET transistor whose gate is tied to a digital outputpin of the ATtiny microcontroller.Our initial experiments with Haptic Antennae indicated thatblindfolded participants readily interpreted the vibrotactilestimulus and associate it with approaching objects. We expectthat similar phenomena will be observed in forthcomingexperiments with the aural antennae.The device exploits our innate ability to process (in a parallelmanner) haptic stimulus applied to skin or the Vellus hairwhich covers most areas of our bodies. Other recent work onelectronic travel aids [16] as well as the use of vibrotactilecuing in virtual environments [12] make use of this phenomena.Experiments have also documented that strong hapticstimulus can induce a startle reflex [25], which may be usefulin emergency situations.EXTENSIONSWhile independent modules may be worn simultaneously,when networked together the augmentations provided by thedevices would be greatly enhanced. We are in the processof evaluating low-power wireless chips such as Zigbee toincorporate into the modules. We anticipate that wirelessantennae would be able to work together to provide “rabbit”perceptual illusions of motion between the actuators.Another extension of this work is in the area of actuation.The “pancake” style vibration motor we are using(KOTL C1030B028F) has the advantage of being compact,but presents substantial initial friction which makes responsesomewhat limited. Other researchers have reported on theuse of air puffs and acoustic cues to elicit startles [23]. Stillother researchers have thoroughly investigated using electricalstimulation to provide haptic cues [10].AS OTHER SPECIES HEARWe have developed an example of aural antennae which providehaptic feedback. Often thinking about haptic devices isconstrained by our experience of our existing senses. Wehave instead sought to break with this convention by seekingto emulate insect perception.Thinking more openly, we can imagine a myriad of newbiomimetic ways of seeing the world. Compound eyes andocellus suggest worn garments that have thousands of cameras.Mimicry of insect’s abilities to acutely detect subtlevibrations [19] and act on this information could lead to extensionof touch in the manner that optics have extended thesight.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to thank Tomohiko Hayakawa,Kenichiro Otani, and Alexis Zerroug for work on early prototypes.REFERENCES1. P. Bach-Y-Rita, C. C. Collins, F. A. Saunders, B. White,and L. Scadden. Vision substitution by tactile imageprojection. Nature, 221(5184):963–964, March 1969.2. J. M. Camhi and E. N. Johnson. High-frequencysteering maneuvers mediated by tactile cues: antennalwall-following in the cockroach. J Exp Biol, 202(Pt5):631–643, March 1999.3. A. Cassinelli, C. Reynolds, and M. Ishikawa.Augmenting spatial awareness with haptic radar. InWearable Computers, 2006 10th IEEE InternationalSymposium on, pages 61–64, 2006.4. A. Cassinelli, C. Reynolds, and M. Ishikawa. Hapticradar. In SIGGRAPH ’06: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006Sketches, New York, NY, USA, 2006. ACM.28
5. R. Cytowic. Synesthesia: Phenomenology andneuropsychology. Psyche, 2(10):2–10, 1995.6. R. C. Fitzpatrick and B. L. Day. Probing the humanvestibular system with galvanic stimulation. J ApplPhysiol, 96(6):2301–2316, June 2004.7. R. H. Gault. Recent developments in vibro-tactileresearch. Journal of the Franklin Institute,221(6):703–719, June 1936.8. F. A. Geldard and C. E. Sherrick. The cutaneous”rabbit”: a perceptual illusion. Science,178(57):178–179, October 1972.9. Japan’s greatest mysteries: gaffer tape, April 14th1996. http://www.glumbert.com/media/cattape.10. H. Kajimoto, N. Kawakami, T. Maeda, and S. Tachi.Tactile feeling display using functional electricalstimulation. In In Proceedings of the 9th InternationalConference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence, 1999.11. C. Kayser, C. I. Petkov, M. Augath, and N. K.Logothetis. Integration of touch and sound in auditorycortex. Neuron, 48(2):373–384, October 2005.12. R. W. Lindeman, J. L. Sibert, E. Mendez-Mendez,S. Patil, and D. Phifer. Effectiveness of directionalvibrotactile cuing on a building-clearing task. In CHI’05: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Humanfactors in computing systems, pages 271–280, NewYork, NY, USA, 2005. ACM Press.13. T. Maeda, H. Ando, T. Amemiya, N. Nagaya,M. Sugimoto, and M. Inami. Shaking the world:galvanic vestibular stimulation as a novel sensationinterface. In SIGGRAPH ’05: ACM SIGGRAPH 2005Emerging technologies, New York, NY, USA, 2005.ACM.14. S. J. Norton, M. C. Schultz, C. M. Reed, L. D. Braida,N. I. Durlach, W. M. Rabinowitz, and C. Chomsky.Analytic study of the tadoma method: Background andpreliminary results. J Speech Hear Res, 20(3):574–595,September 1977.15. S. Perrin, A. Cassinelli, and M. Ishikawa. Laser-BasedFinger Tracking System Suitable for MOEMSIntegration. Proceedings of Image and VisionComputing, New Zealand (IVCNZ), pages 131–136,2003.16. S. Ram and J. Sharf. The people sensor: A mobility aidfor the visually impaired. iswc, 00, 1998.17. C. M. Reed, N. I. Durlach, and L. A. Delhorne.Historical overview of tactile aid research. InProceedings of the second international conference ontactile aids, hearing aids and Cochlear Implants, 1992.18. C. Reynolds, A. Cassinelli, and M. Ishikawa.Meta-perception: reflexes and bodies as part of theinterface. In CHI ’08: CHI ’08 extended abstracts onHuman factors in computing systems, pages3669–3674, New York, NY, USA, 2008. ACM.19. D. Robert and M. C. Göpfert. Novel schemes forhearing and orientation in insects. Current Opinion inNeurobiology, 12(6):715–720, December 2002.20. F. Saunders, W. Hill, and B. Franklin. A wearabletactile sensory aid for profoundly deaf children. Journalof Medical Systems, 5(4):265–270, December 1981.21. G. Stetten, R. Klatzky, B. Nichol, J. Galeotti,K. Rockot, K. Zawrotny, D. Weiser, N. Sendgikoski,S. Horvath, and S. Horvath. Fingersight: Fingertipvisual haptic sensing and control. In Haptic, Audio andVisual Environments and Games, 2007. HAVE 2007.IEEE International Workshop on, pages 80–83, 2007.22. H. Tan and A. Pentland. Tactual displays for wearablecomputing. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,1(4):225–230, December 1997.23. B. K. Taylor, R. Casto, and M. P. Printz. Dissociation oftactile and acoustic components in air puff startle.Physiology & Behavior, 49(3):527–532, March 1991.24. B. S. Wilson, C. C. Finley, D. T. Lawson, R. D.Wolford, D. K. Eddington, and W. M. Rabinowitz.Better speech recognition with cochlear implants.Nature, 352(6332):236–238, July 1991.25. J. S. Yeomans, L. Li, B. W. Scott, and P. W. Frankland.Tactile, acoustic and vestibular systems sum to elicitthe startle reflex. Neuroscience & BiobehavioralReviews, 26(1):1–11, January 2002.29
Page 3 and 4: We would also like to extend a spec
Page 5 and 6: ∙ USE‐03 Clinical Proof‐of‐
Page 7 and 8: Ubiquitous Sustainability: Citizen
Page 9 and 10: Devices that Alter Perception (DAP
Page 11 and 12: incorporated into the body; if it d
Page 13 and 14: vise. Beginning improvisers typical
Page 15 and 16: Location-based Social Networking Sy
Page 17 and 18: PrivacyWith any social networking a
Page 19 and 20: BOXED EGO INSTALLATIONA pair of cam
Page 21 and 22: the natural egocentric visuospatial
Page 23 and 24: HUMAN SENSES AND ABSTRACT DANGERSOu
Page 25 and 26: Gesture recognition as ubiquitous i
Page 27 and 28: een developed to overcome this. For
Page 29 and 30: 16. Myvu Corporation. Myvu Crystal.
Page 31 and 32: especially in the fields of Ambient
Page 33 and 34: 14. G. Riva (Editor), F. Vatalaro (
Page 35: system, reflex arcs, and even muscl
Page 39 and 40: RELATED WORKLet us consider the loc
Page 41 and 42: (a) Actual traces.(a) Actual traces
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2. Schematic picture of the
Page 45 and 46: notion of partial/total immersion w
Page 47 and 48: A Quantitative Evaluation Model of
Page 49 and 50: a group of users. We, therefore, in
Page 51 and 52: During the above discussion, user g
Page 53 and 54: Usability Study of Indoor Mobile Na
Page 56 and 57: 11%3%0%0%30%19%5%3%0%11%56%Notifyed
Page 58 and 59: CONCLUSIONFor this study, we have d
Page 60 and 61: are suited to provide sufficient cl
Page 62 and 63: attention to your blood pressure re
Page 64 and 65: invested in final development and c
Page 66 and 67: 4. rhythms - the highly predictable
Page 68 and 69: technologies, especially their coll
Page 70 and 71: Situvis: Visualising Multivariate C
Page 72 and 73: all. A user selecting a range withi
Page 74 and 75: constraints to include traces that
Page 76 and 77: Simulation Framework in Second Life
Page 78 and 79: VirtualEmitterEstimatedPositionVirt
Page 80 and 81: odies) then our approach would faci
Page 82 and 83: Design and Integration Principles f
Page 84 and 85: asis for interaction, it focuses on
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to support POST and GET messages as
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senor node’s functionalities in a
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service model and provide paradigms
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Virtualization of resources will fa
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Figure 3. Heating and lighting cont
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sat down at the same time” can be
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10!; !< !=!"#$%&’"()%* +$(%,-’#
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posite event operators such as conj
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objects? If these particles were sm
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Over-the-air-programmingOTAP (Over-
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Randomised Collaborative Transmissi
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Figure 2. Illustration of periodic
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Figure 3. Illustration of the recei
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Experimental Wired Co-operation Arc
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The structure of network is matrix
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Altera Quartus II v7.2SP3 FPGA soft
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Using smart objects as the building
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To the ambient ecology concepts des
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event. A more complicated approach
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Multi-Tracker: Interactive Smart Ob
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interfacing with whole space, but c
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operate interactions by many partic
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An Augmented Book and Its Applicati
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its withy material. So, the movemen
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Table 1. The Performance of Page Fl
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Ambient Information SystemsWilliam
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We, too, believe there is a certain
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management system and forwarded to
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CONCLUSIONWe have presented the des
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Ambient interface design for a Mobi
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as ‘sensitive’ and filtered awa
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Ambient Life: Interrupted Permanent
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The log files revealed the actual r
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Stay-in-touch: a system for ambient
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Figure 1. The Stay-in-touch display
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User Generated Ambient PresenceGerm
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Figure 3: Cross-platform system tra
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The Invisible Display - Design Stra
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On a more general level Mimikry cre
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Rand in fact few examples of public
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Ambient Displays in Academic Settin
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usefulProfiles 22 (37%)Time and dat
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UTILIZE THE POTENTIAL TO FULLEST: D
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A notification system for a landmin
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As for the investigation phase, whe
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Ubiquitous Sustainability: Citizen
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Live Sustainability: A System for P
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(a) (b) (c)Figure 3. Screenshot for
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Motivating Sustainable BehaviorIan
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dialog with policy makers and servi
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5. Fogg, B. J. (2002). “Persuasiv
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on mode of transportation such as t
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In order to be useful, PET requires
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provides a relevant description and
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Star, L. S., The Ethnography of Inf
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door environment, the accuracy of G
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Figure 5. Variations of “Parasiti
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can view where it has been, who ans
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Nevermind UbiquityJeff BurkeCenter
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innovating within existing capacity
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Since the Brundlandt report a serie
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our current research in mobile gami
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conceive only of human-computer int
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human behaviour will encounter. The
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mental models of the world are test
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alternative, the place that could h
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elow the mode button indicate the c
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212
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digital collection of features to a
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immediately followed by a subset of
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forecast the future accesses to tho
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Enhanced and Continuously Connected
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than two application windows execut
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Secure and Dynamic Coordination ofH
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AudioProducer/ConsumerVideoConsumer
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228
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MotivationsMotivations occurred on
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Kray Christian ··········
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