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connected to a box containing chemicals (figure 5) wouldbring the smell of powder and dead corpses.DISCUSSIONA subject having tried the system says: ”I’ve never beenimmersed in such a way. I’ve never been emotionally immersed,and that’s really an incredible experience. That’sexactly the kind of immersion I was waiting for in a virtualworld. There was no interactivity apart from the head movement,but maybe thats the reason why it worked” [12].This comment is enlightening: the experience is believableprecisely because the story being simulated matches the limitationsof the interface: the subject is a wounded soldier,and as such cannot move. There may be many cases whena proper design can get around the limitations of the interface(in this case, it’s inability to arbitrarily generate artificialpropioceptive stimulation); however, one problem facedwith the Verdun simulator was its bulkiness, immobility aswell as the necessity of one or more technical operators fora unique subject in the machine.Figure 4. photograph of the vibrators inside the chair and the beltThe Time Machine was exhibited at the 2007 Laval Virtualinternational conference on VR. During a five day long exhibition,more than 300 people tried this immersive experience.Nobody was indifferent and some people were disorientedfor a couple of minutes when ’coming back to thereality’. Also, two individuals asked to stop the ‘Time Machine’because they grew scared. But of course, the machinewas not conceived to function as a ghost train in a fun fair:there was no gratuitous surprise, nor rendering of blood orexplicit scenes of fighting. One can wonder what aspect ofthe experience was more scary for these people: the emotionnalycharged context (i.e. the simulated battlefield), orthe fact that they were immersed in a realistic, multimodalVR environment for the first time in their lives. From thetechnical point of view, this experiment demonstrates thatlow-cost immersive systems are not dreams anymore; also,it shows that the combination of a relatively low number ofdiscrete multi-modal actuators is enough to create a completelyimmersive experience and make forget the low viewangle of the HMD for example.CONCLUSIONThere is some evidence that realistic auditory and hapticstimuli might be more important than realistic visuals whentreating some types of phobia using VR systems [13]. Thismeans that a total/partial immersive system not involving thesense of vision may be able to accommodate this type of simulation.An example would be for instance a wearable globeextending on the forearm that would create the impression ofwalking spiders and/or the temperature of virtual bodies. Anearly prototype of such a device is described in figure 6 [14].From the point of view of the taxonomy described in [2], theThe team received two Awards at Laval Virtual; the bestprize of the Student competition and the best prize of theIVRC Jury with an invitation to participate to the final stepof the International Virtual Reality Contest in Japan.Figure 6. photograph of the ‘Ants glove’ [14]Figure 5. photograph of the odor system and the HMDtotal/partial immersive system can be seen as the counterpartof the ‘window-on-the-world’ mixed reality systems (theseare monitor based, non-immersive video displays showingreal scenes upon which computer generated imagery is electronicallyoverlaid). Indeed, the proposed configuration canbe seen as a window on the virtual world, not necessarily encompassingthe visual senses, but instead the rest of the perceptualmodalities. Perhaps a better analogy would be thatof a spatio-temporal wormhole or a portal to another world.It is partial in the sense of it being a window located at aspecific place in (real) space where the user can introduce apart of the body. As said before, this makes compatible the36
notion of partial/total immersion with that of a wearable interface,as opposed with total immersive systems where theuser is completely immersed in the virtual world. An secondpotential advantage of such system could be that if there isan uncanny valley for artificial environments, as suggestedin the introduction, then it may constitute an advantage thatthese systems secure a cognitive distance between the renderedenvironment and the user’s ’reality’.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe would like to thank all the people that contributed to theconstruction of the ’Time Machine’: Jrmy Hautreux, PierreLe Gargasson, Benot Malabry and Antoine Lelarge, ClmentMona, Julien Pg, as well as their professors M. Crison andM. LeRenard and M. Geslin. Thanks to Carson Reynolds forinteresting suggestions and feedback.REFERENCES1. Ho, Chin-Chang and Macdorman and Karl F. andPramono, Dwi Z. A. D. Human emotion and theuncanny valley: a GLM, MDS, and Isomap analysis ofrobot video ratings In HRI ’08: Proceedings of the 3rdACM/IEEE international conference on Human robotinteraction, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (2008),169–1762. P. Milgram and F. Kishino. A Taxonomy of MixedReality Visual Displays. In IEICE Transactions onInformation Systems, volume E77-D (1994).3. M. L. Heilig. Sensorama simulator. Patent 3050870(1962).4. D. A. Bowman and R. P. Mcmahan. Virtual Reality:How Much Immersion Is Enough?. In Computer,volume 40 (2007), 36–43.5. K. Cater and A. Chalmers and P. Ledda. Selectivequality rendering by exploiting human inattentionalblindness: looking but not seeing. In VRST ’02:Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual realitysoftware and technology, ACM (2002), 17–24.6. M. Botvinick and J. Cohen. Rubber hands ’feel’ touchthat eyes see.. In Nature, volume 391 (1998).7. L. R. Hochberg and M. D. Serruya and G. M. Friehsand J. A. Mukand and M. Saleh and A. H. Caplan andA. Branner and D. Chen and R. D. Penn and J. P.Donoghue. Neuronal ensemble control of prostheticdevices by a human with tetraplegia. In Nature volume442, Nature Publishing Group, 164–171.8. W. H. Dobelle. Artificial vision for the blind byconnecting a television camera to the visual cortex. InASAIO journal, American Society for Artificial InternalOrgans (2000), 3–9.9. T. Maeda and H. Ando and M. Sugimoto. VirtualAcceleration with Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation inVirtual Reality Environment. In VR ’05: Proceedings ofthe 2005 IEEE Conference 2005 on Virtual Reality,IEEE Computer Society (2005), 289–290.10. C. Cruz-Neira and D. J. Sandin and T. A. DeFanti andR. V. Kenyon and J. C. Hart. The CAVE: audio visualexperience automatic virtual environment. In Commun.ACM, ACM (1992), 64–72.11. C. Mona and A. Zerroug and J. Hautreux and P. LeGargasson and B. Malabry and J. Pégé and A. Lelarge.Time Machine: VERDUN 1916.http://www.time-machine.info/, ESIEA / ESCIN(2007).12. S. Kuntz. A VR Geek Blog / Laval Virtual 2007.http://cb.nowan.net/blog/2007/04/23/laval-virtual-2007/13. A. S. Carlin and H. G. Hoffman and S. Weghorst.Virtual reality and tactile augmentation in the treatmentof spider phobia: a case report.. In Behaviour researchand therapy, volume 35 (1997), 153–158.14. K. Sato and Y. Sato and M. Sato and S. Fukushima andY. Okano and K. Matsuo and S. Ooshima and Y.Kojima and R. Matsue and S. Nakata and Y. Hashimotoand H. Kajimoto. Ants in the Pants HOW?.http://www.mushi-how.com/, The University ofElectro-Communications (2008).15. S. Bouchard and S. Côté and J. St-Jacques and G.Robillard and P. Renaud. Effectiveness of virtual realityexposure in the treatment of arachnophobia using 3Dgames. In Technol. Health Care, IOS Press (2006),19–27.37
Page 3 and 4: We would also like to extend a spec
Page 5 and 6: ∙ USE‐03 Clinical Proof‐of‐
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Page 9 and 10: Devices that Alter Perception (DAP
Page 11 and 12: incorporated into the body; if it d
Page 13 and 14: vise. Beginning improvisers typical
Page 15 and 16: Location-based Social Networking Sy
Page 17 and 18: PrivacyWith any social networking a
Page 19 and 20: BOXED EGO INSTALLATIONA pair of cam
Page 21 and 22: the natural egocentric visuospatial
Page 23 and 24: HUMAN SENSES AND ABSTRACT DANGERSOu
Page 25 and 26: Gesture recognition as ubiquitous i
Page 27 and 28: een developed to overcome this. For
Page 29 and 30: 16. Myvu Corporation. Myvu Crystal.
Page 31 and 32: especially in the fields of Ambient
Page 33 and 34: 14. G. Riva (Editor), F. Vatalaro (
Page 35 and 36: system, reflex arcs, and even muscl
Page 37 and 38: 5. R. Cytowic. Synesthesia: Phenome
Page 39 and 40: RELATED WORKLet us consider the loc
Page 41 and 42: (a) Actual traces.(a) Actual traces
Page 43: Figure 2. Schematic picture of the
Page 47 and 48: A Quantitative Evaluation Model of
Page 49 and 50: a group of users. We, therefore, in
Page 51 and 52: During the above discussion, user g
Page 53 and 54: Usability Study of Indoor Mobile Na
Page 56 and 57: 11%3%0%0%30%19%5%3%0%11%56%Notifyed
Page 58 and 59: CONCLUSIONFor this study, we have d
Page 60 and 61: are suited to provide sufficient cl
Page 62 and 63: attention to your blood pressure re
Page 64 and 65: invested in final development and c
Page 66 and 67: 4. rhythms - the highly predictable
Page 68 and 69: technologies, especially their coll
Page 70 and 71: Situvis: Visualising Multivariate C
Page 72 and 73: all. A user selecting a range withi
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Page 76 and 77: Simulation Framework in Second Life
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Page 80 and 81: odies) then our approach would faci
Page 82 and 83: Design and Integration Principles f
Page 84 and 85: asis for interaction, it focuses on
Page 86 and 87: to support POST and GET messages as
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Page 92 and 93: Virtualization of resources will fa
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Figure 3. Heating and lighting cont
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sat down at the same time” can be
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10!; !< !=!"#$%&’"()%* +$(%,-’#
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posite event operators such as conj
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objects? If these particles were sm
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Over-the-air-programmingOTAP (Over-
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Randomised Collaborative Transmissi
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Figure 2. Illustration of periodic
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Figure 3. Illustration of the recei
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Experimental Wired Co-operation Arc
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The structure of network is matrix
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Altera Quartus II v7.2SP3 FPGA soft
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Using smart objects as the building
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To the ambient ecology concepts des
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event. A more complicated approach
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Multi-Tracker: Interactive Smart Ob
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interfacing with whole space, but c
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operate interactions by many partic
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An Augmented Book and Its Applicati
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its withy material. So, the movemen
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Table 1. The Performance of Page Fl
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Ambient Information SystemsWilliam
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We, too, believe there is a certain
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management system and forwarded to
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CONCLUSIONWe have presented the des
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Ambient interface design for a Mobi
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as ‘sensitive’ and filtered awa
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Ambient Life: Interrupted Permanent
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The log files revealed the actual r
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Stay-in-touch: a system for ambient
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Figure 1. The Stay-in-touch display
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User Generated Ambient PresenceGerm
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Figure 3: Cross-platform system tra
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The Invisible Display - Design Stra
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On a more general level Mimikry cre
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Rand in fact few examples of public
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Ambient Displays in Academic Settin
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usefulProfiles 22 (37%)Time and dat
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UTILIZE THE POTENTIAL TO FULLEST: D
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A notification system for a landmin
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As for the investigation phase, whe
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Ubiquitous Sustainability: Citizen
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Live Sustainability: A System for P
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(a) (b) (c)Figure 3. Screenshot for
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Motivating Sustainable BehaviorIan
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dialog with policy makers and servi
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5. Fogg, B. J. (2002). “Persuasiv
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on mode of transportation such as t
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In order to be useful, PET requires
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provides a relevant description and
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Star, L. S., The Ethnography of Inf
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door environment, the accuracy of G
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Figure 5. Variations of “Parasiti
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can view where it has been, who ans
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Nevermind UbiquityJeff BurkeCenter
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innovating within existing capacity
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Since the Brundlandt report a serie
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our current research in mobile gami
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conceive only of human-computer int
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human behaviour will encounter. The
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mental models of the world are test
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alternative, the place that could h
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elow the mode button indicate the c
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212
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digital collection of features to a
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immediately followed by a subset of
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forecast the future accesses to tho
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Enhanced and Continuously Connected
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than two application windows execut
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Secure and Dynamic Coordination ofH
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AudioProducer/ConsumerVideoConsumer
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228
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MotivationsMotivations occurred on
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Kray Christian ··········
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