Annex I: Literature search bicycle use and influencing ... - ByPAD

More documents

Recommendations

Info

concerns regarding automobile use (environmental impact) are an important consideration. Almost all bicycle commuters make the conscious choice of using the bicycle and are not captive to bicycle use. @@aanvullen@@ 1.5 Conclusion: cities need cyclists, people need cycling There are numerous advantages associated with cycling. Cycling is probably the best way to obtain a sustainable transportation system, especially in urban areas. Therefore the question mustn’t be ‘is it safe to promote cycling?’. Cycling must be promoted and policies must provide the right (safe) conditions to do so. There is just to much to gain from it. @@cartoon to conclude Instituut voor Mobiliteit (IMOB) 13
2 CYCLING IN EUROPE: STATE OF THE ART 2.1 Differences in bicycle use Cycling levels vary among different European countries. But also within the different countries large differences in bicycle use can be found, both in the total amount of cycling as well as the kind of people that cycle and the purposes they cycle for. This chapter will provide an overview of bicycle use, mainly, in Europe. 2.1.1 Amount @@Figures differ somewhat depending on the source. The bicycle accounts for 27% of all trips made in the Netherlands (Frulanu & de Munck, 2007). For distances up to 7,5 km the bicycle is even the most popular means of transportation with a share of 35%. Compared to most other European countries the bicycle use in the Netherlands is far higher. Only Denmark comes close with an overall share of 19%. Other countries have shares of 10% or less (@@table ). The Netherlands 27% The top municipalities score between 35-40%, cities with the lowest bicycle use rate between 15-20% Denmark 19% The differences between the larger cities are relatively small, in general at the level of 20% of all trips Germany 10% The western federal states have a higher average bicycle use, especially Nordrhein-Westfalen, several cities with bicycle shares between 20-30% Austria 9% Top: Graz (14%) and Salzburg (19%) Switzerland 9% Several cities at a higher level, like Bern (15%), Basel (17%) and especially Winterthur (approx. 20%) Belgium 8% The bicycle share in the Flanders region approaches 15%, in some cities higher levels are reached, top: Bruges – almost 20% Sweden 7% Cities: 10%, extremes: Lund and Malmö (20%), the small city of Västerås (33%) Italy 5% A few striking exceptions, especially in the Po Plains, with places like Parma (over 15%) and Ferrara (around 30%), another top city: Florence (over 20%) France 5% Top: Strasbourg (12%) and Avignon (10%) Ireland 3% Virtually no upward extremes (Dublin 5% at most) Czech Republic 3% A few cities with some degree of bicycle use (Ostrava, Olmouc and Ceské Budejovice, between 5 and 10%) and some with an even higher bicycle use (Prostejov 20%) Great Britain 2% Some isolated cities with a much higher degree of bicycle use (York and Hull 11%, Oxford and especially Cambridge nearing 20%) Instituut voor Mobiliteit (IMOB) 14
Page 1 and 2: Annex I: Literature search bicycle
Page 3 and 4: 4.3 Physical environment ..........
Page 5 and 6: are submitted to significantly high
Page 7 and 8: Apart from the direct benefits of p
Page 9 and 10: independently compared to 1 of 5 on
Page 11: Employers also have a lot to gain w
Page 15 and 16: Apeldoorn 31,9% 43,8% Nijmegen 28,0
Page 17 and 18: 2.1.4 Who cycles? In the Netherland
Page 19 and 20: Certain cities have been very succe
Page 21 and 22: positively correlated with a lower
Page 23 and 24: might get stolen. As such bicycle t
Page 25 and 26: use was, amongst others, caused by
Page 27 and 28: Road condition seems to be an impor
Page 29 and 30: Hydén, C., Nilsson, A. & Risser, R
Page 31: Wardlaw, M. (2002). Assessing the a

Annex I: Literature search bicycle use and influencing ... - ByPAD

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?