Annex I: Literature search bicycle use and influencing ... - ByPAD

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Table 2: Bicycle use in different countries and cities Source: Frulanu & de Munck, 2007 Hydén et al (1999) give the share of bicycle trips in total number of trips for 9 European countries and 2 French cities (table @@). The figures sometimes differ from those in the previous table. Country Share of trips Norway 6,2% Sweden 12,6% Finland * 7,4% Denmark * 17,2% Great Britain * 1,7% Netherlands 27,0% Germany 1989 12,1% Austria (Ober) 6,9% Switzerland 9,4% France – Grenoble 4,5% France - Lyon 1,8% Table 3: Bicycle use (share of trips) in different countries and cities Source: Hydén et al, 1999 * Trips longer than 200-500m Within some countries there might be some regions with a significantly higher bicycle share. Even in countries with a very low bicycle share there might be cities with a far higher bicycle use. These cities are also mentioned in @@table@@. An extensive overview of the bicycle share in some Dutch cities in 1995 is given by de La Bruhèze and Veraart (1999) (table @@). Factors that can explain these differences will be discussed in the next chapter. All journeys Journeys
Apeldoorn 31,9% 43,8% Nijmegen 28,0% 36,1% Amsterdam 27,6% 36,8% Eindhoven 27,3% 34,7% Den Haag 24,0% 30,3% Maastricht 23,7% 31,7% Vlaardingen 23,3% 30,4% Arnhem 21,1% 29,0% Rotterdam 19,4% 27,3% Heerlen 12,9% 15,4% Kerkrade 10,3% 14,9% Table 4: Bicycle use in different Dutch cities Source: de La Bruhèze & Veraart (1999) Finland is not really known for having a mild climate. Yet in Oulu, a city of over 100.000 inhabitants, cycle usage is 35% of all trips (Wittink (ed), 2001). It is just over 160 km south of the Arctic circle. In Padova and Ferrara in the Po valley of Italy, cycle usage is also at this level, but is distinctly hot here for many months of the year, and cold and damp in the winter. Basel in Switzerland is scarcely flat, but has 17% cycle use and only 27% car use. Just to say location is not the only aspect to influence bicycle use. In Germany also bicycle use is considerable in several cities. Muenster tops the list with 32% of all trips by bicycle (Pucher, n.d.). Bremen has a share of bicycle of 22%, Freiburg 19%, Munich 14%, Cologne 11%. The lowest bicycle use is found in the industrial cities of the Ruhr Region (Essen, Bochum, Wuppertal) where bicycle modal split is only 5%. 2.1.2 Distance In table@@ an overview is given of the mean distances covered by bicycle per person per day (or per year) in 15 EU countries, according to 3 sources. The Dutch have the largest figure for bicycle use per inhabitant in Europe: more than 1000 cycle km per inhabitant per year (Wittink (ed), 2001). Denmark follows with 960 cycle km per inhabitant. Sweden, Germany, Belgium and Finland follow with around 300 cycle km. Country Kms/person/day* Kms/person/day (proportion of total distance)** Netherlands 6,66 2,3 (6%) 1019 Denmark 5,48 2,5 (5%) 958 Germany 2,47 0,8 (2,5%) 300 Belgium 2,42 0,9 (2,5%) 327 Kms/person/year*** Instituut voor Mobiliteit (IMOB) 16
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