Annex I: Literature search bicycle use and influencing ... - ByPAD

Content
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................... FOUT! BLADWIJZER NIET GEDEFINIEERD.
2 BENEFITS OF CYCLING .......................................................................................... 5
2.1 Ecological development ............................................................................ 5
2.1.1 Low polluting ................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Space efficient ................................................................................. 6
2.2 Social development ................................................................................. 7
2.2.1 Health ............................................................................................. 7
2.2.2 Safety ............................................................................................. 8
2.2.3 Social equity .................................................................................... 9
2.3 Economic development .......................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Accessibility ................................................................................... 10
2.3.2 Money savings ............................................................................... 11
2.3.3 Economic value .............................................................................. 12
2.4 Motives for cycling ................................................................................ 12
2.5 Conclusion: cities need cyclists, people need bicycles ................................. 13
3 CYCLING IN EUROPE: STATE OF THE ART ................................................................... 14
3.1 Differences in bicycle use ....................................................................... 14
3.1.1 Amount ......................................................................................... 14
3.1.2 Distance ........................................................................................ 16
3.1.3 Purpose ......................................................................................... 17
3.1.4 Who cycles? ................................................................................... 18
3.1.5 Bicycle ownership ........................................................................... 18
3.2 Potential .............................................................................................. 19
3.3 Trends ................................................................................................. 19
4 INFLUENCING FACTORS ....................................................................................... 21
4.1 Individual factors .................................................................................. 21
4.1.1 Age .............................................................................................. 21
4.1.2 Gender.......................................................................................... 21
4.1.3 Status ........................................................................................... 21
4.1.4 Cyclist type .................................................................................... 22
4.2 Social environment ................................................................................ 22
4.2.1 Policy ............................................................................................ 22
4.2.2 Car availability and cost ................................................................... 23
4.2.3 Bicycle culture and social values ....................................................... 23
4.2.4 Bicycle theft and other crime/stranger danger .................................... 23
4.2.5 Road safety ................................................................................... 24
Instituut voor Mobiliteit (IMOB) 3