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ANNEX IXGLOSSARY1. "Additives" are substances which are incorporated into coatings for direct foodcontact to achieve a technical effect in the finished material or article. They areintended to be present in the finished materials or articles;2. “Aids to Polymerisation” are substances, which directly enable the formation ofthe polymers or resins, used as components of coatings. They include initiators,polymerisation catalysts, chain transfer agents. They are usually reactivesubstances which are bound to the polymer. They are outside the definition ofadditives, but are currently covered in Council of Europe Resolution AP(92)2.3. “Authorised substances” are substances in a community or national list, includingthe German recommendations.4. "Authority" means European Food Safety Authority, as set by Regulation (EC) No178/2002;5. “Coated light metal packaging” comprises cans, ends, closures , aerosols andtubes for food and beverage, which have an organic coating applied to all or partof the food contact surface and pails (with a maximum volume of 40L).6. "Coating" means a product mainly prepared from one or more mainly organicsubstances (raw materials), which in its finished state does not form a selfsupportinglayer or film, but when it is applied onto a substrate and forms a partialor an integral layer, which has certain intended technological effects in thematerial or article. Organic coatings are typically applied in a liquid (solution ordispersion) or powder state and need to dry, cure or solidify to reach their finishedstate. Inorganic coatings largely based on inorganic materials including metalsand oxides are excluded from this definition.7. “Coatings” may be formulated from resins/ polymers / prepolymers, crosslinkingagents, as well as additives, such as waxes, defoamers, wetting aids, flow aids,organic solvents, pigments, etc. (See Annex IV).8. “Crosslinking” is the process by which functional groups present in the thermosetpolymers or pre-polymers react with those present in a crosslinking agent orprepolymer or themselves to form a crosslinked structure of increased molecularweight to form the final coating in contact with the foodstuff. Crosslinking isgenerally achieved by thermal treatment in high temperature ovens. It can also beobtained at ambient temperature by mixing reactive two pack systems.9. “Curing” of coatings on light metal packaging is normally the high temperatureprocess by which the applied coating layer to the metal is converted into the finalcoating (layer) (through crosslinking,) which is in contact with the foodstuff. In thecase of heavy duty coatings, curing is typically achieved at ambient temperatures,using a two component system, mixed prior to application.54Europäische Vereinigung der Lack-, Druckfarben- und KünstlerfarbenindustrieEuropean Council of Paint, Printing Inks and Artists' Colours IndustryAvenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4 - BE-1160 BrusselsTel:+32 (0)2 676 7480 - Fax: + 32 (0)2 676 7490 - E-mail: secretariat@cepe.org -Internet: http://www.cepe.org/
10. “Food” (or “foodstuff”), for the purposes of this Code of Practice, means anysubstance or product, whether processed, partially processed or unprocessed,intended to be, or reasonably expected to be ingested by humans (based onRegulation (EC) N° 178/2002)11. "Food simulants" are authorised test media simulating foods in their behaviour ofextracting substances from food contact materials.12. “Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)” is used in the manufacture of any coatingsintended for contact with foodstuffs. The GMP’s are described in industry codes ofpractice (See Annex A)13. “Heavy duty coatings” are coatings applied on containers or storage tanks with avolume capacity of 10,000 liters or more and on all pipelines belonging orconnecting them.14. "Migration test" means the determination of specific migration of a substance orthe overall migration of substances either into food or into a food simulant;15. "Monomer and other starting substance" means any starting substance such ascompound, mixture, monomer, oligomer, pre-polymer natural or syntheticmacromolecules etc., used as reactant in any chemical reaction during theproduction of coatings and their raw materials which become part of thepolymeric structure of the final coating, which is in contact with foodstuffs.16. “Non-intentionally added substances” [NIAS] are substances present in thefinished product which were not deliberately added. NIAS’s include reaction anddecomposition products, as well as impurities and oligomers.17. “Non-regulated simulant substitutes” which may be used as substitutes for thereference simulant A, B, C and D for which equivalence with the regulatedsimulant must be demonstrated. Strong organic solvents are not considered to benon-regulated simulant substitutes, as they are significantly more extractive thanfoodstuffs.18. “Oligomer” means any substance consisting of a number of repeating units of anindividual monomer / starting substance or a combination of monomers or startingsubstances. Oligomers may be used as starting substances, but they may alsoremain as a low molecular weight fraction after crosslinking / curing process or inthe case of thermoplastic coatings they may remain after evaporation of anyorganic solvent(s). Oligomers composed of authorised monomers and otherstarting substances are generally regarded as being of no greater toxicity thantheir repeating units..19. “Organic solvents” are processing aids, used in the formulation of many coatingsto enable them to be applied to the substrate. In the case of light metal packagingorganic solvents evaporate during the curing process, generally performed at hightemperatures (ie 200°C ), and are therefore not intended to remain in the finallayer of coating in contact with foods. Organic solvents present in other coatingsare removed during the formation of the final film. Organic solvents used toprepare resins, polymers, prepolymers and crosslinking resins are polymerisation55Europäische Vereinigung der Lack-, Druckfarben- und KünstlerfarbenindustrieEuropean Council of Paint, Printing Inks and Artists' Colours IndustryAvenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4 - BE-1160 BrusselsTel:+32 (0)2 676 7480 - Fax: + 32 (0)2 676 7490 - E-mail: secretariat@cepe.org -Internet: http://www.cepe.org/
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ContentsArticle 1Article 2Article 3
Page 9: Article 3Lists of substances author
Page 12 and 13: 4. Substances authorised as direct
Page 14 and 15: 4. In addition to those substances
Page 16 and 17: Article 8Overall migration limit (O
Page 18 and 19: EXPLANATORY NOTEThe above will be u
Page 20 and 21: ANNEX IOVERVIEW OF HOW COATED FOOD
Page 22 and 23: 4. Conditions of useLarge container
Page 24 and 25: ANNEX IIINCOMPLETE 1 LIST OF MONOME
Page 26 and 27: method with appropriate performance
Page 28 and 29: ANNEX IIIINCOMPLETE 1 LIST OF ADDIT
Page 30 and 31: Lists C and D, including their upda
Page 32 and 33: themselves are of lower molecular w
Page 34: ANNEX IV.III - GENERIC DESCRIPTIONS
Page 37 and 38: Oxirane, ester, -OH, Ar-COOH, R-COO
Page 39 and 40: 10.3 Acid functional polyesters pre
Page 41 and 42: 13. Vinylics13.1 Vinylics prepared
Page 43 and 44: Natural Rubber LatexChemically, nat
Page 45 and 46: Organic solvent and or water free c
Page 47 and 48: ANNEX VIRISK ASSESSMENT FOR MIGRANT
Page 49 and 50: For risk assessments made for foods
Page 51 and 52: To determine the overall migration
Page 53: Paragraph 5:5. Where a material or
Page 57 and 58: 29. “QMA" means maximal quantity
Page 59 and 60: ANNEX XREFERENCES TO GMP’sFor lig
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