Appendix Gs Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas ... - Peabody Energy

Appendix GsCodrilla Air Quality & GreenhouseGas Assessment –Addendum Report

Codrilla Coal Mine ProjectValkyrieAir Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - AddendumReport5843R02V01_draft2.docx05/05/2011Prepared forMacathur Coal LimitedASK Consulting Engineers Pty LtdABN: 55 622 586 522 - ACN: 128 491 967PO Box 3901, South Brisbane. QLD. 4101.P: 07-3255-3355 F: 07-3844-7180 W: www.askconsulting.com.au E: mail@askconsulting.com.au

Document ControlW:\5800\5843\Reports ASK Advice\R02V01_draft - AQ\5843R02V01_draft2.docxRevision No Date of Issue Method of Issue Status Prepared by Reviewed by5843R02V01 05/05/2011 Email DraftDaveClaughtonFrits KamstThis report and the copyright thereof are the property of ASK Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd (ABN 55 622586 522). It must not be copied in whole or in part without the written permission of ASK ConsultingEngineers Pty Ltd. This report has been produced specifically for the Client and project nominated hereinand must not be used or retained for any other purpose. www.askconsulting.com.auCodrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 2 of 51

Table of Contents1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Project Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 52.1 Project Description .............................................................................................................................................. 52.2 Sensitive Locations ............................................................................................................................................... 83 Air Quality Environmental Values ........................................................................................................................ 104 Existing Environment .................................................................................................................................................... 115 Air Quality Modelling ................................................................................................................................................... 125.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 125.2 Dust Emission Sources and Controls .................................................................................................... 125.3 Impacts at Sensitive Receptors .................................................................................................................. 155.3.1 PM2.5 ....................................................................................................................................................... 185.3.2 PM10 ........................................................................................................................................................ 185.3.3 TSP ............................................................................................................................................................ 185.3.4 Dust Deposition ................................................................................................................................ 185.4 Discussion .............................................................................................................................................................. 196 Dust Mitigation Measures .......................................................................................................................................... 207 GHG & Energy Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 217.1 GHG and Energy Emission Factors ......................................................................................................... 217.1.1 Liquid Fuel Emissions ...................................................................................................................... 217.1.2 Explosive Emissions ......................................................................................................................... 217.1.3 Coal Extraction Emissions ........................................................................................................... 217.1.4 Consumption of Electricity ......................................................................................................... 227.2 GHG & Energy Summary ............................................................................................................................. 228 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................................................ 249 References .......................................................................................................................................................................... 25Appendix A – Proposed Mining Scenarios ............................................................................................................... 26Appendix B – Emission Estimates .................................................................................................................................. 30Appendix C – Predicted Dust Contour Levels ...................................................................................................... 33Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 3 of 51

1 IntroductionASK Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd (ASK) was commissioned by Macarthur Coal Limited (MCL) toprepare an air quality and greenhouse gas addendum report for the Codrilla Coal Mine ProjectEnvironmental Impact Study (EIS).The proposed operation is to be located approximately 55 km east-southeast of Moranbah and45km to the south-southwest of Nebo, as shown on Figure 1.1.This addendum report is to be read in conjunction with the original ASK air quality and greenhousegas report 5001R02V03 dated 20/08/2010. This report is based on latest mine schedule andequipment information provided to ASK, and addresses the Department of EnvironmentalResource Management’s (DERM) response to the original ASK report. Due to the extent of themodeling and criteria changes, this report is a substantial re-writing of the majority of the originalASK air quality and greenhouse gas report.Figure 1.1 Approximate Location of Codrilla Coal Mine Project(Source: Google Maps)Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 4 of 51

2 Project DescriptionThe project information has changed since the original ASK air quality and greenhouse gas report5001R02V03. This section presents the latest details.2.1 Project DescriptionThe proposed bulk sample maximum Run of Mine (ROM) is 5.25 Mt per annum of product coal.The life of the mine is proposed to be mined over 16 years.Mining and processing plant will operate 7 day a week, 24 hours a day. Mining will be open pitusing conventional truck and shovel excavation methodology, with potential for future undergroundactivities. The proposed Project infrastructure and pit layout is shown in Figure A.1 to A.3 inAppendix A.ROM will be hauled to the processing plant via haul roads from the pits. Waste material will bestacked on out of pit waste dumps adjacent to the pits until sufficient room becomes available inthe pit at which stage waste will be placed in mined out pit areas. Excavators will load materialfrom the pits into dump trucks for transport to the stockpile. Front end loaders will load thecrushed ROM coal into the haul trucks. Road transport trucks will enter the site to load productcoal at the coal handling process plant (CHPP) and travel along a haul road between the CHPP andMoorvale Mine for loading onto trains. Associated pieces of equipment such as drills will also beoperating at the face. Service vehicles and water trucks will operate on the haul roads. All thesesources are included in the model.The equipment utilisation is included in Table 2.1 as well as the proposed areas of operation andoperation hours per year.The onsite operation can be described as: Mining 24 hours a day CHPP 24 hours a day Road Transport 24 hours a day Mining Fleet as per Table 2.1 ROM 5.25 Mt per annum Overburden 55,000,000 bcm per annumTable 2.1Equipment Utilisation – Maximum Production YearTypeMobileEquipmentTypeExcavatorExcavatorModel # Location # ofPC8000-6RH340BScheduled to work fromexisting surface to approx60m below surface.Scheduled to extractoverburden until thePC8000's arecommissioned. ThenYearly OperationalHours per Vehicle2 63002 6300Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 5 of 51

TypeEquipmentTypeExcavatorDumpTruckDumpTruckDumpTruckDrillTrack DozerTrack DozerWheelDozerGraderGraderModel # Location # ofEX2500Komatsu930EKomatsu830ECat 789CReedrillSKSS16Cat D11TCat D10TCat 854KCat 24MCat 16MWater Cart Cat 777FEL Cat 993ServiceTruckLightVehiclesscheduled to work from60m below surface downto the pit floor.Scheduled to only extractcoal and partings in pit.Assumed to work with thePC8000. Taking weatheredmaterial from surface to60m below surface, to theOB dump and then upperlevels of the in-pit dump.Assumed to work with theRH340's taking OB fromthe box cut to the OBdump, then material from60m below surface to pitfloor, to the in-pit dump.Working with theEX2500's, taking partingmaterial to the in-pit dump,coal to the ROM area.Assumed that the drills willbe working in-pit at variousdepths.2 on the OB dump/in-pitdump. 4 In-pit on bulk push1 On the ROM area, 2 ongeneral duties.2 clean up around theexcavators in-pit.General haul roadmaintenance in and aroundthe pit area.General haul roadmaintenance in and aroundthe pit area.Dust suppression work inand around the pit area.Working on the ROM areaonly.Yearly OperationalHours per Vehicle2 630010 530010 53008 53003 50006 50003 50002 50002 50001 50002 50001 5000AH400D Mining Lease 2 3000Landcruiser Mining Lease 12 2000Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 6 of 51

TypeFixedEquipmentYearly OperationalModel # Location # ofTypeHours per VehicleCoaster Bus TBA Mining Lease 1 2000HaulageTrucksHighway type Haul route 5 7000CHPP TBA ROM Area 1 7000Pump TBA ROM Area 1 7000Lighting TBA ROM Area 22 3500DieselGeneratorTBA ROM Area 1 500MIA/Admin TBA ROM Area 1 8000The CHPP plant consists of the following items: Primary and Secondary Crushing Stations Washers Pumps Rejects Bin Products BinBlasting would be required and would be carried out 70 times per annum with the followingcharacteristics for each blast: Blast area of 25,000m 2 with 312 holes Blast hole width of 0.229m and depth will be a maximum of 35m Stemming Height of 2.0m Maximum Instantaneous Charge (MIC) 39 kgCodrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 7 of 51

2.2 Sensitive LocationsThe nearest sensitive locations (see Figure 2.1) are summarised in Table 2.2 including theapproximate distances from (i) the nearest Pit; and (ii) the main plant.Table 2.2Nearest Sensitive ReceiversLocation Coordinates(MGA Zone 55)Distance from Project(km)ID#LocationEast North Nearest Pit Main Plant1 Devlin Creek 643900 7559160 15.3 16.52 Lillianvale 662449 7544080 10.0 13.73 Regalo 669225 7557374 4.6 8.44 Weamber 669791 7560922 7.0 9.45 Codrilla 662295 7561679 4.9 4.06 Moorpeth 677130 7561795 13.6 16.77 School 663004 7559741 2.9 2.88 School House 663013 7559613 2.8 2.79 Bundarra 657337 7570998 15.1 13.310 Iffley 647459 7540146 19.0 21.711 Deveril 642062 7548193 18.2 20.512 Valkyrie 663554 7568984 12.2 11.3Note: The Location ID’s listed as L1 to L12 are shown in Figure 3.1 as locations 1 to 12.Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 8 of 51

Figure 2.1Monitoring and Sensitive Receiver LocationsCodrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 9 of 51

3 Air Quality Environmental ValuesThe proposed air quality criteria has not changed since the original ASK air quality and greenhousegas report 5001R02V03. A summary of the relevant air quality indicators for particulate emissions isshown in Table 3.1Table 3.1 Air Quality CriteriaAir Quality IndicatorUnitsDesignGroundLevelAveragingPeriodSourceAllowableExceedancesParticulate PM2.5 g/m 3 25 24 hours8 1 yearEPP(Air)Particulate PM10 g/m 3 50 24 hours EPP(Air)5 dayseach yearTotal Suspended Particulate (TSP) g/m 3 90 1 year EPP(Air)Particles (deposited) g/m 2 /month 4 30 days DERMCodrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 10 of 51

4 Existing EnvironmentThe original ASK air quality and greenhouse gas report 5001R02V03 based background pollutantlevels on a literature review of previous Queensland air quality studies in the Bowen Basin.The studies reviewed were the air quality section from the EIS’s compiled for the Caval RidgeProject, Daunia Mine Project and Millennium Mine Expansion. All reviewed air quality assessmentsare located within the Bowen Basin and included background dust monitoring for their impactstudies. A summary of the background dust levels from by each of the reviewed projects and theproposed background dust levels from the original ASK air quality and greenhouse gas report5001R02V03 are shown in Table 4.1 below.Table 4.1 Summary of Background Dust Levels from similar Projects in the Bowen BasinProjectTSP AnnualAverageConcentration(g/m 3 )PM10Concentrations(g/m 3 )24hr AveragePM2.5Concentrations(g/m 3 )AnnualAverage24hrAverageDust Deposition(g/m 2 /month)Caval Mine 26.2 18.8 1.6 2.9 1.5Daunia Mine 20.0 20.0 N/A N/A 4.4*Millennium Mine Expansion 28.0 8.0 2.0 2.0 0.8Proposed Codrilla Mine 25.0 20.0 3.0 5.0 2.0Note:N/A – Not applicable due to no PM2.5 assessment undertaken for Daunia Mine study* – The background dust deposition measurements in the Daunia Mine study exceed the DERM dustdeposition limits. Considering the localised nature of dust deposition the elevated backgrounddeposition rates may be considered not representative of regional background dust deposition levels.Based on a comparison with other similar projects the background pollutant levels proposed in theoriginal ASK air quality and greenhouse gas report 5001R02V03 and reproduced in Table 4.1 areconsidered to be a reasonable representation of the existing air quality in the Bowen Basin.Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 11 of 51

5 Air Quality ModellingThe air quality modelling has been substantially revised in accordance with the latest scenario andfleet information from Macarthur Coal Limited.5.1 MethodologyThe dust predictions undertaken for this assessment are based on the following: Dust emissions estimates were based on accepted methods and data consolidated by theNational Pollutant Inventory (NPI) and the Environmental Protection Agency of The UnitedStates of America (USEPA) Shown in Appendix B; Prediction of input meteorology using TAPM developed by the CSIRO Division ofAtmospheric Research. TAPM has a prognostic 3 dimensional meteorological componentwhich can be used to generate hourly meteorological data for input into Gaussian plumemodels. Prediction of dust concentrations and depositions with CALPUFF developed by Earth Tech;and Predicted levels are compared against criteria presented in Section 3.The modelling scenarios used to predict emissions from the proposed mine include: Year 1 – As per Section 2.1 and pit cutting face at the eastern end of the eastern pit asshown in Figure A.1 in Appendix A. Year 6 – As per Section 2.1 and pit cutting face at the western end of the eastern pit asshown in Figure A.2 in Appendix A. Year 11 – As per Section 2.1 and pit cutting face at the western end of the western pit asshown in Figure A.3 in Appendix A.The equipment used in the modelling scenarios is included in Table 2.1, which also includes themodelled location of the equipment and the operation of haul trucks on the haul route.5.2 Dust Emission Sources and ControlsThe project operations have been characterised into the main particulate generating activities. Thisallows the estimation of dust emissions to be undertaken. A particulate emissions summary of themain dust generating activities used as input into the CALPUFF dispersion model for each modelledyear is presented in Tables 5.1 to 5.3. Tables 5.1 to 5.3 do not include the dust emission controlfactors.Table 5.4 lists the dust suppression techniques/controls to be utilised to reduce particulateemissions, as well as the estimated reduction in the dust emissions.Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 12 of 51

Table 5.1 Mining Dust Emissions Year 1 (No Control Technology)ActivityTSPEmissions(kg/yr)PM10Emissions(kg/yr)PM2.5Emissions(kg/yr)Loading to trucks with Overburden 40,617 19,211 1,345Loading to trucks with Coal 49,924 23,613 2,834Bulldozing Coal 166,129 52,729 6,328Bulldozers on Overburden 43,173 8,498 4,504Truck Unloading Overburden 40,617 19,211 8,069Truck Unloading Coal 1,762 834 42Drilling 12,886 6,770 406Blasting 49,354 25,664 1,540Wheel Dust Generation from Unpaved Roads 2,334,496 639,767 63,977Use of Grader 16,650 7,446 1,042Plant Activities 19,612 7,921 1,113Wind Erosion From Stockpiles 13,940 6,970 348Total 2,789,160 818,634 91,547Table 5.2 Mining Dust Emissions Year 6 (No Control Technology)ActivityTSPEmissions(kg/yr)PM10Emissions(kg/yr)PM2.5Emissions(kg/yr)Loading to trucks with Overburden 40,617 19,211 1,345Loading to trucks with Coal 49,924 23,613 2,834Bulldozing Coal 166,129 52,729 6,328Bulldozers on Overburden 43,173 8,498 4,504Truck Unloading Overburden 40,617 19,211 8,069Truck Unloading Coal 1,762 834 42Drilling 12,886 6,770 406Blasting 49,354 25,664 1,540Wheel Dust Generation from Unpaved Roads 2,334,496 639,767 63,977Use of Grader 16,650 7,446 1,042Plant Activities 19,612 7,921 1,113Wind Erosion From Stockpiles 13,940 6,970 348Total 2,789,160 818,634 91,547Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 13 of 51

Table 5.3 Mining Dust Emissions Year 11 (No Control Technology)ActivityTSPEmissions(kg/yr)PM10Emissions(kg/yr)PM2.5Emissions(kg/yr)Loading to trucks with Overburden 40,617 19,211 1,345Loading to trucks with Coal 49,924 23,613 2,834Bulldozing Coal 166,129 52,729 6,328Bulldozers on Overburden 43,173 8,498 4,504Truck Unloading Overburden 40,617 19,211 8,069Truck Unloading Coal 1,762 834 42Drilling 12,886 6,770 406Blasting 49,354 25,664 1,540Wheel Dust Generation from Unpaved Roads 2,216,753 607,500 60,750Use of Grader 16,650 7,446 1,042Plant Activities 19,612 7,921 1,113Wind Erosion From Stockpiles 13,940 6,970 348Total 2,658,353 779,835 87,994Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 14 of 51

Table 5.4 Mining Dust Emission Controls (Environment Australia, 2001)Emission SourceControl(s) UtilisedControlEfficiencyAppliedLoading to trucks with Overburden No control Utilised 0%Loading to trucks with Coal No control Utilised 0%Bulldozing Coal No control Utilised 0%Bulldozers on Overburden No control Utilised 0%Truck Unloading Overburden No control Utilised 0%Truck Unloading Coal No control Utilised 0%Drilling No control Utilised 0%Blasting No control Utilised 0%Wheel Dust Generation fromUnpaved RoadsWatering roads at >2L/m2/hour 75%Use of Grader No control Utilised 0%Plant ActivitiesPartially enclosed and Mist sprays on transferpoints75%Wind Erosion from Stockpiles Progressive Rehabilitation 99%Also pit retention factors of 50% for TSP and 5% for PM10 were utilised for activities located withinthe pit.5.3 Impacts at Sensitive ReceptorsThe predicted mining case dust concentrations and depositions at the nearest sensitive receptors tothe project are shown in Table 5.1, Table 5.2 and Table 5.3 for production years 1, 6 and 11respectively. For a cumulative assessment against the project air quality criteria the predicted levelsinclude the assumed background levels for dust concentration (TSP, PM10 and PM2.5) anddeposition as outlined in Section 4.The predicted regional results of the CALPUFF dispersion modelling for the project are presentedas dust contour plots in Appendix C. The dust contours show the predicted dust concentrationsfor years 1, 6 and 11 of the proposed Codrilla Project. The predicted dust contours are to visuallyshow the predicted regional influence of the proposed mining operation and do not include theassumed background levels identified in Section 4.The annual average concentrations are the average of 8760 one hour concentrations, the monthlyaverage concentrations are the average of 720 one hour concentrations while the 24 hourconcentration is the 24-hour midnight to midnight concentration. Maximum 24hr averagedconcentrations are generally experienced under adverse meteorological conditions when mixingheight is reduced due to a winter inversion.Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 15 of 51

Table 5.3Predicted Dust Levels for Year 1 of OperationID#LocationTSP AnnualAverageConcentration(g/m 3 )PM10 24h AverageConcentration(g/m 3 )Maximum6thHighestPM2.5Concentrations(g/m 3 )AnnualAverage24hAverageMonthlyDustDeposition(g/m 2 /month)Criterion 90 50 50 8 25 41DevlinCreek28 28 25 3 6 22 Lillianvale 29 33 31 3 7 23 Regalo 29 61 47 3 12 24 Weamber 28 62 40 3 12 25 Codrilla 35 61 50 4 13 26 Moorpeth 26 32 25 3 7 27 School 43 93 68 4 18 38SchoolHouse43 96 69 4 18 39 Bundarra 27 26 25 3 6 210 Iffley 26 23 22 3 6 211 Deveril 26 25 23 3 6 212 Valkyrie 27 37 29 3 8 2Table 5.3Predicted Dust Levels for Year 6 of OperationID#LocationTSP AnnualAverageConcentration(g/m 3 )PM10 24h AverageConcentration(g/m 3 )Maximum6thHighestPM2.5Concentrations(g/m 3 )AnnualAverage24hAverageMonthlyDustDeposition(g/m 2 /month)Criterion 90 50 50 8 25 41DevlinCreek28 29 25 3 7 22 Lillianvale 29 34 30 3 8 23 Regalo 28 55 35 3 12 24 Weamber 28 45 37 3 9 25 Codrilla 35 60 50 4 11 26 Moorpeth 26 29 25 3 7 27 School 42 85 66 4 15 2Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 16 of 51

ID#LocationTSP AnnualAverageConcentration(g/m 3 )PM10 24h AverageConcentration(g/m 3 )Maximum6thHighestPM2.5Concentrations(g/m 3 )AnnualAverage24hAverageMonthlyDustDeposition(g/m 2 /month)Criterion 90 50 50 8 25 48SchoolHouse42 84 65 4 15 29 Bundarra 27 29 25 3 7 210 Iffley 26 24 23 3 6 211 Deveril 27 25 24 3 6 212 Valkyrie 27 35 30 3 8 2Table 5.3Predicted Dust Levels for Year 11 of OperationID#LocationTSP AnnualAverageConcentration(g/m 3 )PM10 24h AverageConcentration(g/m 3 )Maximum6thHighestPM2.5Concentrations(g/m 3 )AnnualAverage24hAverageMonthlyDustDeposition(g/m 2 /month)Criterion 90 50 50 8 25 41DevlinCreek29 33 26 3 7 22 Lillianvale 27 33 28 3 7 23 Regalo 26 41 31 3 9 24 Weamber 27 35 31 3 8 25 Codrilla 32 72 51 3 13 26 Moorpeth 25 27 23 3 6 27 School 35 129 79 4 21 28SchoolHouse35 126 73 4 21 29 Bundarra 27 30 26 3 7 210 Iffley 26 28 24 3 7 211 Deveril 27 26 24 3 6 212 Valkyrie 27 34 29 3 8 2Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 17 of 51

5.3.1 PM2.5The predicted annual average PM2.5 concentrations are below the EPP(Air) guideline value of8 g/m 3 for all locations during all three modelled years (refer to Table 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3) .The predicted maximum annual average PM2.5 concentration is 4 g/m 3 , which occurs at Locations5, 7 and 8 during years 1 and 6.The predicted highest PM2.5 24-hour concentrations are below the EPP(Air) guideline value of 25g/m 3 for all locations during all three modelled years (refer to Table 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3)The highest predicted PM2.5 24-hour concentration is 21 g/m 3 , which occurs at Locations 7 and 8during year 11.5.3.2 PM10The predicted maximum 24hr average PM10 concentrations are below the EPP(Air) guideline valueof 50 g/m 3 for all locations during all three modelled years (refer to Table 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3) exceptat Locations 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 during year 1, Locations 3, 5, 7 and 8 during year 6 and Locations 5, 7and 8 during year 11.The predicted maximum 24hr average PM10 concentration is 129 g/m 3 , which occurs at Locations7 during year 11 operations.The predicted 6 th highest 24hr average PM10 concentrations are below the EPP(Air) guideline valueof 50 g/m 3 for all locations during all three modelled years (refer to Table 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3) exceptat Locations 7 and 8 during years 1 and 6 and Locations 5, 7 and 8 during year 11.The predicted maximum 6 th highest 24hr average PM10 concentration is 79 g/m 3 , which occurs atLocations 7 during year 11 operations.5.3.3 TSPThe predicted annual average TSP concentrations are below the EPP(Air) guideline value of90 g/m 3 for all locations during all three modelled years (refer to Table 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3) .The predicted maximum annual average TSP concentration is 43 g/m 3 , which occurs at Locations7 and 8 during year 1.5.3.4 Dust DepositionThe predicted monthly dust deposition rates are below the EPP(Air) guideline value of4 g/m 2 /month for all locations during all three modelled years (refer to Table 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3) .The predicted maximum monthly dust deposition rate is 3 g/m 3 , which occurs at Locations 7 and8 during year 1.Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 18 of 51

5.4 DiscussionIt is noted that the annual concentration and deposition limits are predicted to be generally met atsensitive locations. Therefore the long term impact of the proposed mine may be considered to beacceptable.Short term (24 hour) PM10 concentrations are predicted to exceed the PM10 criterion. This meansthat while for most days of the year the impacts are acceptable, from time to time 24 hourconcentrations are predicted to be exceeded. These would predominantly be associated withspecific weather conditions, such as being downwind of the mine on a winter’s night, when thedispersive capacity of the atmosphere is limited.To minimise dust impacts at sensitive receivers, the options are as follows: Apply additional dust mitigation measures to the mining operations. Dust mitigationmeasures are discussed further in Section 6. Relocate dwellings at receivers 3, 4, 5, 7 & 8 further away from the mine footprint such thatthe resulting dust levels are compliant.Once the mine is operational the following steps should be undertaken: 24hr average PM10 dust monitoring is to be undertaken at sensitive receivers 3, 4, 5, 7 and8, unless otherwise relocated, or any other receiver from where a non-vexatious dustcomplaint is received. Results from this monitoring should be compared against the dustlimits in the Environmental Authority. Care should be taken to ensure that measurementlevels are representative of dust from the Codrilla mining operations, and are not fromregional or localized events (e.g. dust storm, bushfire, non mining vehicles on dirt roads, etc).Measurement results should be reported in conjunction with weather data.Given the range of potential meteorological conditions and therefore the range in predicteddust levels, it is likely that several monitoring periods would be required to establishcompliance or exceedance. This is generally the case with environmental dust, as the dusttransportation variations can be significant occurring over long periods of time (e.g. seasonalvariations). Thus any dust monitoring to determine compliance or otherwise should beconducted over a minimum 7 day period and may be required to be conducted overseveral seasons. Should dust levels indicate exceedances then a mitigation strategy should be developed,using the guidance provided in Section 6.Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 19 of 51

6 Dust Mitigation MeasuresTo reduce the likely hood of complaints and the dust impacts on the surrounding environment, thefollowing additional dust mitigation measures could be undertaken in addition to those identified insection . Enclosure of conveyor transfer points; Misting sprays on conveyor transfer points and crushing stations; Watering of product stockpiles to maintain a relatively high moisture content (>7%)Increase moisture content of active stockpiles with temporary water sprayers;If dust levels are shown to be in exceedance of EPP (Air) air quality objectives at sensitivereceivers then scaling down of mining operations may be required during adversemeteorological conditions.All engineering dust mitigation measures implemented are required to be maintained and in goodworking order for the life of the mine.Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 20 of 51

7 GHG & Energy SummaryThe Greenhouse Gas and energy emission calculations have been revised in accordance with thelatest scenario and fleet information from Macarthur Coal Limited.7.1 GHG and Energy Emission Factors7.1.1 Liquid Fuel EmissionsDiesel fuel will be used by mining equipment during operations. Light vehicles and pumps as well aslighting will also consume diesel.Estimates of annual diesel use by the plant/equipment have been supplied to ASK and are47,158 kL for mobile equipment and 17.5 kL for stationary equipment. Emission factors for liquidfuel consumption are shown in Table 7.1.Table 7.1: Diesel Emission FactorsFuel TypeEnergy Content(GJ/kL)Scope 1 Emission Factor(kg CO2-e/GJ)Diesel (stationary) 38.6 69.2Diesel (mobile) 38.6 69.27.1.2 Explosive EmissionsThe combustion of fossil fuels within explosives proposed to be used in the mining process willresult in emissions of greenhouse gases. As the explosives are manufacturing onsite emission factorsare base on the consumption of material to make Ammonium Nitrate/Fuel Oil (ANFO) andEmulsion blast products. Emission factors are based on the fuel oil content of ANFO and are takenas stationary emissions from Table 7.1. Quantities of fuel oil in the manufacturing process arebased on a 5.7% of ratio of fuel oil. The annual consumption of fuel oil to make ANFO would be57.1 kL.7.1.3 Coal Extraction EmissionsOpen-pit coal extraction releases gaseous emission. In addition energy production is based on theenergy potential of the product coal. ASK have been informed that the production black coalwould be 4.05 Mt per annum.Emission factors associated with production of black coal are shown in Table 7.2.Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 21 of 51

Table 7.2: Coal Extraction Emission FactorsFuel TypeEnergy Content(GJ/t)Scope 1 Emission FactorQld(t CO2-e/t ROM Coal)Black Coal 27.0 0.0177.1.4 Consumption of ElectricityConsumption of purchased electricity is to occur in order to power the processing plant. ASK hasbeen provided information regarding the consumption of purchased electricity being 31,575,000kWh.Emission factors associated with consumption of purchased electricity are shown in Table 7.3.Table 7.3: Consumption of Purchased Electricity Emission FactorsState, Territory or grid description Scope 2Emission factor(kg CO2-e/kWh)Queensland 0.897.2 GHG & Energy SummaryThe emission factors outlined in Section 7.2 have been used to estimate the greenhouse gasemissions for the life of the bulk sample project. Table 7.4 summarises the emissions expressed askilo-tonnes of CO2 equivalent and energy expressed as terajoules (TJ).Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 22 of 51

Table 7.4: Greenhouse Gas Emissions SummaryYear Source Type QuantityProd.YearTotalLiquid FuelPurchasedElectricityCoalEnergyCO2-ektScope 1 Scope 2Energy EnergyEnergyCO2-eCons. Prod.Cons.ktTJ TJTJDiesel - MobilekL47,158Diesel - StationarykL17.5ANFO Diesel -Stationary 57.1kLEnergyConsumption 1823.2TJ195.5 1823.2 109,350 28.1 113.7QldkWh31,575,000ROMMt4.05Energy ProductionTJ109,350CO2-e kt 223.1Consumption TJ 1936.8Production TJ 109,350The Project as shown in Table 7.4 is estimated to consume annual maximum energy of 1936.8 TJ.Through the extraction of coal energy production is estimated to be 109,350 TJ.Project is expected to generate annual emissions of 223.1 kt CO2-e (see Table 7.4). The annualmaximum emissions represent a contribution of less than 0.12% to the reported QLD greenhousegas emissions in 2007 (DCC, 2009a) and less than 0.04% of Australia’s reported greenhouseemissions in 2008 (DCC, 2009b).Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 23 of 51

8 ConclusionsASK Consulting Engineers has undertaken an air quality and greenhouse gas assessment based onthe latest proposed operation at the proposed Codrilla Coal Mine, Valkyrie. ASK has alsoaddressed the issues raised by DERM regarding the previous EIS report prepared by ASK forCodrilla Coal mine and has implemented the recommendations from those comments into thisaddendum report accordingly.The air pollutant impacts from the project were assessed against typical DERM dust depositionguidelines and Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 2008 goals with the following results: The predicted PM2.5 concentrations are within acceptable guidelines; The maximum 24hr average PM10 concentrations meet the acceptable guidelines at alllocations except at receivers 3-Regalo, 4-Weamber, 5-Codrilla, 7-School & 8-School House; The 6 th Highest 24hr average PM10 concentrations meet the acceptable guidelines at alllocations except at receivers 5-Codrilla, 7-School & 8-School House; The predicted TSP concentrations are within acceptable guidelines; and The predicted dust deposition rates are within acceptable guidelines.In addition to the above findings, a range of recommendations and mitigation options have beenpresented within Sections 5 and 6 of the report.Please contact the undersigned with any queries on 07 3255 3355.Yours faithfullyASK Consulting EngineersDave ClaughtonProject EngineerCodrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 24 of 51

9 ReferencesACARP (1999), Fine Dust and the Implications for the Coal Industry, Report C7009.Department of Climate Change (2007), National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007.Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing, Attorney-General’s Department, Canberra.Department of Climate Change (2008a), National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Regulations2008. Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing, Attorney-General’s Department, Canberra.Department of Climate Change (2008b), National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Guidelines.Department of Climate Change, Canberra.Department of Climate Change (2008c), National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) FactorsNovember 2008. Department of Climate Change, Canberra.Department of Climate Change (2009a), State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2007.Department of Climate Change, Canberra.Department of Climate Change (2009b), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory accounting for theKYOTO target May 2009. Department of Climate Change, Canberra.Department of Climate Change (2010). National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting SystemMeasurement Technical Guidelines for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions by facilities inAustralia, June 2010, Department of Climate Change, CanberraEPA (2007), Queensland 2007 air monitoring report. Queensland Environmental Protection Agency.EPA (2008), Environmental Protection Air Policy, Queensland Environmental Protection Agency.Environment Australia (1999), National Pollutant Inventory Emission Estimation Technique Manual forFugitive Emissions.Environment Australia (2001), National Pollutant Inventory Emission Estimation Technique Manual forMining Version 2.3.National Environmental Protection Council (NEPC) (2003). National Environment Protection(Ambient Air Quality) Measure, Attorney-General’s Department, Canberra.Scire J, Strimaitis D, Yamartino R (2000a), A User’s Guide for the CALPUFF Dispersion Model (Version5). Earth Tech Inc., Concord.USEPA (1999), Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, EPA AP-42, Emission Factor andInventory Group, 7th Ed.Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 25 of 51

Appendix A – Proposed Mining ScenariosCodrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 26 of 51

East Pit Mining Progression – Year 1

East Pit Mining Progression – Year 6

West Pit Mining Progression – Year 11

Appendix B – Emission EstimatesEmission rate estimation equations for significant dust generating activities are provided below.Transfer Points0.0016 2.2 2 . /Where:E = Emission factork = Particle size multiplier (0.74 for TSP and 0.35 for PM10)U = Mean wind speed (m/s)M = Soil moisture content (%)Coal Loading by Shovel or Front End LoaderWhere: 0.0596 /. E = Emission factork = Particle size multiplier (1.56 for TSP and 0.74 for PM10)M = Soil moisture content (%)Bulldozing CoalTSP35.6 ./. PM10 6.33 ./. Where:E = Emission factors = Material silt content (%)M = Soil moisture content (%)Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 30 of 51

Bulldozing OverburdenTSP2.6 ./. PM10 0.45 ./. Where:E = Emission factors = Material silt content (%)M = Soil moisture content (%)DrillingEmission rate factors of 0.59 kg/hole for TSP and 0.31 kg/hole for PM10 as outlined in the NPIemission estimation technique manual.BlastingWhere: .344 . / . E = Emission factorA = Area blasted (m 2 )M = Soil moisture content (%)D = Depth of the blast holes (m)Wheel Dust Generation from Unpaved Roads 12 3 /Where: E = Emission factork = Constant (4.9 for TSP and 1.5 for PM10)a = Constant (0.7 for TSP and 0.9 for PM10)b = Constant (0.45 for TSP and 0.45 for PM10)s = Material silt content (%)W = mean vehicle weight (tons)Note – lb/VMT was converted to kg/VKT by multiplying lb/VMT by 0.2819Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 31 of 51

Use of Grader 0.0034 /Where:E = Emission factork = Constant (2.5 for TSP and 2.0 for PM10)S = Mean Vehicle Speed (km/hr)Miscellaneous Transfer and ConveyingWhere: 0.0016 .2.2 .2 E = Emission factork = Constant (0.74 for TSP and 0.35 for PM10)U = Mean wind speed (m/s)M = Material moisture content (%)/Wind Erosion from Active StockpilesWhere: 1.9 365 3651.5 235 15 //E = Emission factork = Constant (0.74 for TSP and 0.35 for PM10)U = Mean wind speed (m/s)M = Material moisture content (%)Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 32 of 51

Appendix C – Predicted Dust Contour LevelsCodrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report 5843R02V01_draft2Valkyrie Page 33 of 51

Codrilla Coal Mine Project - Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment - Addendum Report5843R02V01_draft2.docxValkyrie Page 34 of 18

Appendix Gs Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas ... - Peabody Energy

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