National Market Cow and Bull Beef Quality Audit - Dairy Cattle Edition

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Point ofImprovementMaintain record-keepingsystems to verify your“Best’ managementpractices and reduceor eliminate potentialfor liability surroundingissues of food safety.Fabrication Audit –Key point:A significant portion of beef cuts from cow andbull carcasses are used as whole muscle cutsand lean strips of meat.The round, sirloin and chuck from cows and bullsare being sold as lean trim for primal-specificground beef programs.Average percentage of products produced-- The 2007 audit found on average,during one full production day,11% of the products producedwere forequarter cuts, 28% werehindquarter cuts, 1% were FPB, and58% were trim. With the exceptionof tenderloins, most hindquartersubprimals were 100% lean andlikely used for grinding.Subprimals -- Of plants thatsubmitted information aboutfabricating subprimal cuts fromprimal regions of cow and bullcarcasses, 100% fabricated rib cuts,100% fabricated loin, 85.7% round,85.7% flank, 57.1% chuck, and 21.6%brisket.Plant production by product – The 2007audit noted an increase in the production costs ofmost cuts since 1999.Table X% of Plants that Produce Each ItemProduct 1999 % 2007 %Ribeye 74 100Tenderloin 79 100Knuckle 37 86Flank 74 86Inside Round 42 79Strip Loin 68 71Top Sirloin Butt 5 71Chuck Tender 16 57Eye of Round 42 57Bottom Round 37 50Chuck Roll 16 28.6Bottom Sirloin Flap 21 28.6Brisket 21 21Shortloin 32 14Clod 16 14Tri-Tip 11 14Traceability audits – 2% of carcasses wereselected randomly to determine whether the animalcould be traced back to the ranch/farm.Plant information such as back tags, bangs tags,and owner information were used for this process.Auction barns, USDA offices, and actual owners werecontacted to identify the point of origin for eachanimal.64% of all cattle and 56% of dairy cattle weretraced back to their original owner. 19% of all cattleand 22% of dairy cattle were traced back to theauction barn. 13% of all cattle and 16% of all dairycattle were traced back to the cattle dealer/trader.5% of all cattle and 7% of all dairy cattle could not betraced back past the packing plant.10 National Market Cow and Bull Beef Quality Audit
Phase II – The InterviewsInterviews were conducted with one packer andone Food Safety and Inspection Service employee ateach packing plant. The interviews consisted of freeresponse and aided questionnaires and were used todetermine improvements and declines in the quality ofcattle since the 1999 audit.Packing plant and FSIS representativesinterviewed, acknowledged that the downer ruleinstituted by the United States Department ofAgriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service hasled to several improvements in beef cattle quality.Packing plant representatives noted a decrease inthe number of downer, dead and moribund cattle, andfewer instances of inadequate space on trailers andincorrect loading of cattle.FSIS representatives also noticed fewer downer,dead and moribund cattle, and fewer instances ofinadequate space on trailers. Their observationsindicated fewer animals arriving suffering fromadvanced lameness and extreme emaciation.Top quality challenges,1999 versus 20071999 2007BruisesFood safetyAntibiotic residues Animal welfare/handlingBirdshot/buckshotPoor condition/nutritionArthritic jointsAntibiotic residuesYieldBruisesCondition/leannessCondemnation rateHide damageLameness/soundnessCondemnation rate/downersInjection-site prevalenceTop 5 improvements over 1999Herd management techniquesAnimal welfare and handlingHide damageInjection-site locationBruisesPoint ofImprovementRecognize andoptimize the valueof your market cowsand bulls. Cows andbulls comprise asignificant portion ofyour farm or ranch’sincome – so theyneed to be managedand marketed in waysthat add value – notsubtract from it.Dairy Cattle Edition 11
Page 1 and 2: Executive Summary of the 2007Nation
Page 3 and 4: Do the right thing.Ultimately, this
Page 5 and 6: Phase I - Packing Plant AuditsDurin
Page 7 and 8: Holding Pen Audits - Part 2Key poin
Page 9: Cooler AuditsKey points:Cow and bul
Page 13 and 14: No buckshot or birdshot was observe
Page 15 and 16: for structural correctness, and imp

National Market Cow and Bull Beef Quality Audit - Dairy Cattle Edition

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