THE CELL â STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION All living things are ...
THE CELL â STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION All living things are ...
THE CELL â STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION All living things are ...
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<strong>THE</strong> <strong>CELL</strong> – <strong>STRUCTURE</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>FUNCTION</strong><strong>All</strong> <strong>living</strong> <strong>things</strong> <strong>are</strong> composed of cells. Although individual cells maybe modified to perform specific functions, most animal and plant cells sh<strong>are</strong>many basic structures.Important cellular terms:1. PROKARYOTE: a cell without a true nucleus ex. bacteria2. EUKARYOTE: a cell with a true nucleus and membrane-boundorganelles3. ORGANELLES: specialized structures within a cell that carry outspecific functions (mini-organs)4. EXTRA<strong>CELL</strong>ULAR: outside the cellEx. extracellular fluid – liquid outside cell5. INTRA<strong>CELL</strong>ULAR: inside the cell6. CYTOSOL: aqueous solution inside cell (70% water)7. VESICLES : membrane – bound structuresJob- carry products within cell to be processedThe EUKARYOTIC cell is made up of THREE distinct regions: Cell (plasma) membrane – outside Cytoplasm- inside ( made up of cytosol and organelles )- Living material of the cell, where all LIFE functions occur Nucleus – centre ( contains the genetic material DNA )cell ( plasma ) membranenucleuscytoplasm
<strong>CELL</strong> PART <strong>STRUCTURE</strong> <strong>FUNCTION</strong>1. Cell (plasma) membrane -bilayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS - controls what enterswith proteins andor leaves cellcarbohydrates2. Cell Wall - PLANTS only - protects and- made of <strong>CELL</strong>ULOSE supports3. Nucleus - round, surrounded by - BRAIN of cellnuclear membrane- controls all cell(envelope)activitiesa) Nucleolus - round , inside nucleus - helps produceribosomesb) Chromatin - made up of nucleic acids - genetic material(DNA & RNA) - contains the- visible called genetic codechromosomes- info to make all- 2N=46 (human) cell proteinsc) Nucleoplasm - aqueous solution - life functionsORGANELLES4. Mitochondria - ROD shaped - BATTERY- inner folds: CRISTAE - produces ENERGY- fluid: MATRIX - site of CR ( cellularrespiration)5. Ribosomes - 30 nm in diameter - produce proteins- free-floating or on ER (protein synthesis)- free – INSIDE- on ER – OUT6. Golgi Apparatus - stack of flattened balloons - changes fats and- membranes proteins made at ER- PACKAGES themin VESICLES
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