National Board Ex- 6 Book .pmd - National Board Of Examination

for renal transplantation.Anesth Analg 55: 69-73,1976.9. Kirvela M, Yli-Hankala A,Lindgren L: Comparison ofpropofol/alfentanil anaesthesiawith isoflurane/N 2O/fentanylanaesthesia for renaltransplantation. Acta AnaesthesiolScand 30: 574-580,1986.10. Dawidson I, Berglin E,Brynger H, et al: Intravascularvolumes and colloid dynamicsin relation to fluidmanagement in living relatedkidney donors and recipients.Crit Care Med 15: 631-6,1987.11. Koning OH, Ploeg RJ, vonBockel JH, et al: Risk factorsfor delayed graft function incadaveric organ transplantation:A prospective study ofrenal function and graft survivalafter preservation withUniversity of Wisconsin solutionin multi- organ donors.European Multicentre StudyGroup. Transplantation 63:1620-8, 1997.12. Grundmann R, Kindler J,Meider G, et al: Dopaminetreatment of human cadaverkidney graft recipients: Aprospectively randomizedtrial. Klin Wochenschr 60:193-7, 1982.13. Kadieva VS, Friedman L,Margolius LP, et al: The effectof dopamine on graftfunction in patients renaltransplantation. Anesth Analg76: 362-5, 1993.The “Bomb” EtherApparatusEther Apparatus, Wilson andPinson’s, steel, nickel-platedcomplete with rubber tubing,attachment for the mask, fillingfunnel, and spanner. (a)Ether in a closed space at atemperature of 100°C. is at apressure of 97 lb. per squareinch - its saturation vapourpressure at that temperature.With each fall of temperaturethere is a corresponding fallof pressure, until at its boilingpoint ( 35°C.) the effectivepressure is nil. (b) Etheras a liquid expands as the temperaturerises, and as liquidsare very incompressible, roommust be left in the closedspace for this expansion. Aspecial filler plug (A) is fittedwhich ensures that such roomis left. A Safety Blow-off (C)is provided which prevents allpossibility of the apparatusbursting.It is intended for use withether only.The ether keepsperfectly well inside the steelcontainer.Always have thefiller-plug (A) screwed uptightly (to prevent leakagewhen in use). See that thefaces of the filler-plug andcontainer are quite clean beforetightening up.To Fill.-Unscrew and remove thefiller-plug, and pour in etheruntil it begins to run over.Ifthe container is hot, immersethe apparatus in cold water fora few seconds before unscrewingthe filler-plug.Seethat the valve is turned off.Place in a large bowl of boilingwater, which may cover itcompletely. The valve-top (B)is graduated like a clock dial,the largest red dot marking thezero or “off ” position.The pointer is set to the zerodot when the valve is shut off,and is also adjustable, so thatit can be reset to this positionwhen the valve has worn alittle. This resetting will beseldom needed.If. the valvegets very loose, tighten thegland-nut, i.e. the little nut inthe middle of the valve.Thespanner provided is for theseadjustments. The small attachment(D) is for the administrationof open warm ether,the method of giving whichis described below.Journal of Postgraduate Medical Education, Training & Research57