In this issue: - the Institute of Corrosion

A JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF CORROSION March/April 2012 No. 106In this issue:FOCUS ONCathodic Protection & Monitoring/Coating ApplicatorsPages 12-17Winn & Coales (Denso) LtdPages 27-28

INSTITUTENEWSICorr getsMEMBERSHIP SUBSCRIPTIONRATES 2012/2013ICorr has just launched its own Linked ingroup for members and those interestedin the Institute’s activities. LinkedIn is theworld’s largest professional network with over120 million members and growing rapidly.It enables you to connect to your trustedcontacts and helps you exchange knowledge,ideas, and opportunities with a broadernetwork of professionals. The ICorr group willenable members to keep up to date with allthe latest news and events on a platformthey are already using rather than having tospecifically go to the website. In addition itwill provide a forum for discussion and debateenabling you to share ideas and best practice.MEMBERSHIPCATEGORIESPROFESSIONALCATEGORIESSUSTAININGMEMBERSHIP“GOLD”SUSTAININGMEMBERSHIPNEW APPLICANTSStudentMemberTechnicianProfessionalFellowANNUAL RATEfrom 1 July 2012*Free£68.00£78.00£96.00£120.00REGISTRATIONFEES*Free£15.00£15.00£15.00£15.00The annual rate from 1st July 2012 is £345.00 (plus VAT)The annual rate from 1st July 2012 is £665.00 (plus VAT)All new applications for Ordinary membership must be accompanied by a payment of£83.00 The applicant will immediately be admitted into the Institute as an OrdinaryMember.STUDENTS*Applications should be accompanied by proof that you are a student to qualify for freemembership.JANUARY - MARCH APPLICATIONSThe Linkedin group is connected with thewebsite so all the latest news will be fed tothe linked page. In the fullness of time wewill also be connecting the ICorr forum, theconferences and events section and the Jobssection so no matter what your preferredplatform you can be kept up to date.If you are unfamiliar with Linked in but wouldlike to register and Join the ICorr Group go towww.linkedin.com where you will find all theinformation you need.For those of you familiar with Linkedinsimply go to the groups option in the mainmenu, select groups directory and search for‘institute of corrosion’. We would encourageas many members as possible to connectwith the group as the busier it gets the morebenefit everyone will gain from it.If anyone has any questions, suggestionsor comments then you can contact meat jonathan@squareone.co.uk or on0114 2730132.Applications submitted between 1st January and 31st March (ie. in the second half of thesubscription year) need submit only half the annual rate plus the full Registration fee of £15(ie. £49.00 for Ordinary Members).APRIL – JUNE APPLICATIONSApplications during April, May and June will be treated as being made on 1st July 2012.PAYMENTSApplicants are requested to make payment ONLY in £GB. If you would like to pay in Euro’splease contact ICorr Head Office. Payment may also be made by credit card for £GB onlyin which case a surcharge of £3.00 per payment is made to cover substantial increases inbank charges. Overseas members who wish to receive the Institute's journal CorrosionManagement by air mail should add £20.00 to their subscription payment.GRADE TRANSFERApplications for transfer to a higher grade should be made on the Professional MembershipApplication Transfer Form and be accompanied by a payment of £43.00, being £15.00administration fee plus the £28.00 difference between Ordinary and ProfessionalMembership or £25.00. being £15.00 administration fee plus the £10.00 difference betweenOrdinary and Technician Membership.5

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012INSTITUTENEWSLondon Branch newsSoho – Sex, Drugs & Rock n’ RollLondon Branch Sustaining MembersSponsored EveningThursday 3rd May 2012SOHO WALKING TOURThis year, our Blue Badge Tourist Guide,Ingrid Wallenborg, will lead a fascinatingand educational gentle stroll throughSoho. This will conclude with a walk fromRegent Street to the Naval Club wherethe traditional hot chilli and rice will beawaiting us.This walk should appeal to all as it containsa good variety of vice, spiced up by anethnic setting. You will of course hearof the ‘King of Soho’ and the scandalousnude dancing girls and the fortune thatLevi’s jeans can bring. The stroll takes uspast the ‘pub’ that ran out of champagneand the former home of the controversialauthor whose world famous books veryfew have actually read. If ever there was amelting pot it is here where every kind oflanguage [and not just Cantonese] can beheard – and gender seen! – and many ofthe world’s most famous pop stars startedout sometimes by simply helping out inthe record store of some friends.We will as usual include a stop forrefreshments ‘en route’.As this is a sponsored evening, there willbe no charge, and all ICorr members withtheir family or friends are most welcome.Meet at 17.30 at Piccadilly Circus, in frontof the Criterion Restaurant, as we did lastyear.This Guided Tour will take place whateverthe weather conditions.John T O’Shea,Deputy Chairman, London BranchCommitteepresentation on ‘integrity& corrosion management’An attendance of 30 at the London Branch meeting onFebruary 9th were given a presentation on ‘Integrityand corrosion management’ by Jeremy Ludlow of WoodGroup Integrity Management. Mr Ludlow said that risk assessmentwith corrosion problems is an important aspect and that there isa need to consider the entire engineering life cycle to safeguardthe owner’s investment. Inspection, monitoring, maintenanceand repairs have to be considered, and other important factors area duty of care for the environment as well as personal and legalrequirements and it is vital to assess the probability of failure.March meetingAt the close of the London Branch AGM on March 8th, Chairman Andy Taylor presented pairs ofglasses engraved with the ICorr logo in presentation boxes as long service awards to David Dore(15+ years), Brian Goldie (14+ years), Derek Hoskins (20+ years), Trevor Osborne (15+ years)and John O’Shea (25+ years). In addition, John O’Shea was presented with a Past President’sMedal in recognition of his tenure as ICorr President 2000 – 2002. Andy then gave a technicalpresentation about the Buncefield fuel depot explosion on 11th December 2005; it resulted inthe largest peace time fire in Europe just 40km fromLondon - the explosion was even heard in Holland. Theevent injured 43 people but fortunately there were nofatalities, although things might have been different hadit occurred on a Monday. The effects were devastatingas illustrated with graphic images, with about 2,000people being removed for safe keeping and the M1 wasclosed. There was a serious disruption to fuel suppliesincluding those to Heathrow Airport. As a fuel tank wasbeing filled, it overflowed with no knowledge of thathappening on site because a float switch failed. Theresulting explosion was measured at 6 on the Richterscale and it took four days to extinguish the fire.visit the Icorr websitewww.icorr.org6

INSTITUTENEWSTechnical Topics No.36:How Monitoring and Inspectioncan reduce riskby Technical Secretary, Douglas J MillsAutomated Ultrasonic testingequipment being used to measureof a wind turbine support leg.Courtesy of Lisbeth Hilbert.I mentioned the Hammersmith flyover in mylast TT and particularly assessing the risk ofits collapse. This excited some interest mostnotably from correspondent Mick Ogden whohas some indirect association with this flyoverand its repair. Quoting him: “Regarding therisk associated with the Hammersmith flyovera great deal of engineering has taken placeand is currently being carried out by somevery skilled people. I would think if the originaldesign calculations were reviewed and basedon the known corrosion of the pre-tensionedRemote monitoring in aclosed LTHW system.Courtesy of Phil Munn.wires it wouldhave been prettystraightforwardto work out therisk of collapseof the flyover”.This is reassuringand wasconfirmed whenthe flyoverproblem wasdiscussed in the23rd Februaryissue of NCE(New CivilEngineer) . In the latter article it was statedthat “detailed analysis including endoscopicand radiographic surveys of the reinforcementtogether with computer modelling gave TfLthe confidence to allow one lane to reopen tolight traffic in each direction in early January”.Also that ”Engineers, after investigating arange of options, are installing new highstrength cables on the six most damagedspans”. It is interesting too that emergencysurgery using hydro demolition has had to beemployed. (hydro-blasting is more familiarto DJM as an effective way of removing oldcoatings and indeed preparing a metal surfacefor painting). In relation to risk Mick states“My world is welded steel cross country gaspipelines. These are generally designed for 40years. Recently the owners have undertakendetailed risk assessments and decided toincrease the pressure and increase the life ofthese pipelines. He goes on “I have done a lotof work on the effects of HVAC power lines toburied steel pipelines, these power lines inducehundreds of amps into the pipelines, I havehad the electric shocks from them and had thetingling sensation from standing underneathpower lines. The effects of these powerlineson the general public have been studied overmany years and no adverse affects have beenidentified, however their proximity to housingis controlled”. With this last example it isuseful to have someone talking from the sharpend! Picking up on the inspection aspect,corrosionists like ourselves have a key part toplay in helping to design effective inspectionregimes and also monitoring methods. In thecase of the Hammersmith flyover it was onlywhen acoustic emission indicated that, dueto corrosion, wire breaks were occurring on adaily basis that people started to sit up andtake notice. This is one of a range of techniquesavailable eg resistance wires, coupons andelectrochemical methods like LPR and EIS; thelatter two being useful for monitoring underwell controlled immersion conditions. In theconcrete field, potential mapping and LPR areboth popular.I discussed these electrochemical methods5 years ago in a TT (Jan/Feb 07). But anupcoming method that did not get muchmention then is the Electrochemical NoiseMethod (ENM). This is something of ahobby horse of mine in its application toanti-corrosive organic coatings. It also hascontinued7

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012continued from page 7application in relation to monitoring rebarin concrete although the amount of workcarried out in that area has been small (Page,Lambert and Harden published some backin the early 90s; myself and Neil Short didsome work published as EuroCorr conferenceproceedings in the early 00s).Anyway ENM affords some challenges inrelation to organic coatings, one being probedesign and the other the design of a suitablededicated instrument. In relation to the former, one needs a dismountable probe that canbe fixed to the surface temporarily while theelectrochemical measurement is made butwhich subsequently leaves no trace (althoughideally one would want to be able to measureat a future time at the same point).Currently inspection of coated structuresrelies very much on visual inspection whichis not going to tell you that trouble is brewinguntil it has brewed! There are one or twopossible non-electrochemical techniques suchas Thermal Imaging (TI) applied to coatingsby McNight and Martin in the 1980s. Onedisadvantage is that for TI to be effective thesample has to be heated; another being theneed to go to the structure with an expensivecamera! More attractive these days is remotemonitoring. This is something that is doneregularly in the oil industry, where it is notusually practical to use corrosion probesor LPR on remote pipelines or sub-sea. Theoutput from sensors, either analogue ordigital, is fed into a condition amplifier andthe data stored on a datalogger before beingtransmitted wirelessly over the GPRS system.Key parameters such as temperature, pressure,flow rates, conductivity and dissolved oxygencan be measured depending on the systembeing studied. Although pH electrodes andion selective electrodes can give very usefulinformation, their use is limited in remotemonitoring applications due to the need forregular servicing and calibration. As well asbeing able to see trends over time, remotemonitoring allows the setting of alarms,should pre-set levels be exceeded. This willallow a rapid response should somethingcatastrophic occur, e.g. a serious leak from aclosed heating system. So to an early plug fora meeting on this topic.The ICorr Corrosion Engineering Division (chairNick Smart) is hoping to run a joint meetingwith BINDT on Inspection and Monitoring .This will probably be in the Warrington areain April 2013 Watch this space! As usual anycomments on this month’s TT please send toDouglas@harrbridge.freeserve.co.ukMany thanks to Mick Ogden for allowingsignificant parts of his letter to be quotedand to also Phil Munn for contributing to thisarticle.Jim Britton has worked in the offshorecorrosion field since 1972. He was educatedin the UK, began his offshore career in theUK North Sea, and is founder and ChiefExecutive Officer (CEO) of DeepwaterCorrosion Services. Jim has published dozensof technical papers and articles on offshorecorrosion-related issues and holds severalpatents for technology associated withcorrosion and asset integrity management.For the last 15 years, he has focused hisefforts on asset life extension methodologiesand cathodic protection retrofit technology.With such extensive experience, Jim providesan excellent perspective on corrosion andasset integrity management. ICorr Aberdeenbranch committee members Kevin Patersonand Eugene Ogosi met with him to discussthe role of corrosion professionals in assetintegrity management.Q. Could you please tell us of yourprofessional background?A. After I left high school, I worked at a localmetallographic laboratory as a technicalassistant. They sponsored me on a day-releaseprogramme where I obtained my NationalDiploma. I started out in corrosion in 1972 andmoved into the offshore industry following mymetallurgical apprenticeship. From that time, Iperformed various corrosion-related projectsaround the world and moved to the UnitedStates in 1982. I formed Deepwater CorrosionServices in 1986, which focuses primarily onproviding corrosion control solutions andtechnologies for the oil and gas industry.Q. Looking back at your long andINSTITUTENEWSInterviews with corrosion professionalsTheme: Asset integritymanagement and thecorrosion professionalJim Britton“Corrosion professionals would benefit from practical field experience”distinguished career, is there a reason youchose corrosion as a profession?A. Yes there is. As I mentioned earlier, mycareer started as a metallographic assistantand I worked in a corrosion-related failureinvestigation project. In doing this work, I hadthe opportunity to work with some corrosionengineers and this inspired me to follow acareer in corrosion. I looked for an opportunityto get out of the laboratory and get into amore practical field environment. I wouldsay that an early exposure to material andcorrosion science attracted me to corrosion asa profession.Q. Can you describe what a typical day inyour professional life would look like?A. Unfortunately, since I am the CEO ofDeepwater, the first half of the day is usuallytaken up by business-related meetings thatare not very interesting from a corrosionviewpoint. However, I make a conscious effortto ensure that I get involved in the corrosiontechnologyaspects of Deepwater’s work. Iget involved in global projects at a high level,checking project progress and consultingwith my lead engineers around the world oncorrosion issues. I must say that this is theaspect of my work that I really enjoy. If I amreally lucky, I will attend our regular productdevelopment and improvement committeemeetings that focus on new technologydevelopment, research and developmentactivities and other technology improvementdiscussions. Being in the oil and gas business,most of my time is spent either overseas, inaeroplanes or sitting at airports.8

INSTITUTENEWSQ. Corrosion control and asset integritymanagement are certainly discreteconcepts but are very much related. Howwould you explain both concepts?A. For offshore assets, corrosion is not the onlythreat, but it is a significant and major threatto asset integrity. Asset integrity managementfrom my point of view is the intelligentdeployment of initially front-end risk-basedinspection and monitoring coupled withwell thought out application of the variouscorrosion control techniques.Q. What do you consider the maincomponents of a good asset integritymanagement system? What are the keybenefits of implementing an asset integritymanagement system?A. Starting with the second question, the keybenefits are to ensure Health, Safety andEnvironment (HSE) compliance and to keepthe asset stakeholders happy by operating aprofitable venture. Downtime and catastrophicfailure are certainly unacceptable in today’sbusiness, so integrity risks to the asset mustbe well-managed. The most important aspectof a successful asset integrity managementprogramme starts with an intelligent risk-basedinspection programme. Unfortunately, manyof these programmes are not well thought outand are very often wasteful and not focusedon the key corrosion threats. Another key pointis to get senior management to support theprogramme. If senior management supportsan asset integrity management system, it ismore likely to succeed. Thirdly, it is vital thatthe practitioners are competent. If you haveunqualified personnel involved in any aspectof the programme, it will be a weak link andrisk will be elevated. So in summary, seniormanagement support, good programmes andgood people are the main factors to considerwhen developing asset integrity managementsystems.Q. Experts have always emphasised theimportance of reviewing asset integritymanagement systems regularly to ensurethey remain fit for their purpose. Why doyou think this is important?A. It is absolutely critical to do this for somereasons that I will pick on although there areprobably more. The first is the dynamic natureof corrosion risk as the asset ages. There willbe changes in corrosion models, reservoircorrosivity, constituents and other parameters,so the model and risk for corrosion damageare continually varying. Therefore, as the assetages, there is a changing criticality that mustbe continually reviewed. Another reason tocontinually review the system is to ensureyou get the loop effect of feeding resultsfrom integrity activities into the decisionmakingprocess to ensure intelligent changesare made to the system. Another obviousreason to review is the development of newtechnology. There is a regular introduction ofbetter ways of doing everything in integritymanagement, such as new inspection tools,new subsea equipment, new materials, newways of producing oil and gas — especially inthe subsea industry — and deep-water sectors.So what worked well in the beginning of thefield life may be inappropriate further into theasset’s service life. Finally, the review of thesystem is consistent with HSE requirementsthat are placed on oil and gas companies.Q. It is no secret that oil and gas assets areincreasingly required to function beyondtheir original design life. There is now aneed to perform life-extension studies toprove these assets can continue in service.What do you think is the primary role ofthe corrosion professional in this process?A I think the primary role of the corrosionprofessional is to provide advice to thestakeholders and asset owners on the threatthat specific types of corrosion damage poseto the integrity of their asset. Not all corrosionelevates risk, so corrosion professionals shouldbe able to advise on where risk-increasingcorrosion mechanisms exist and what theireffects are. Also, the corrosion engineer mustinteract effectively with other disciplines tounderstand how other relevant parameterscan affect corrosion. For example, a change infatigue life could reduce the tolerance of anasset to corrosion. In this case, the structuraland corrosion engineers must combine theirindividual expertise to ensure that adequateassessments are made to quantify and controlthe combined risk of fatigue and corrosion.Q. What are the main challenges facingthe UK upstream oil and gas sector asmost assets approach the end of theirservice life?A. I think there are two major challengesthat are specifically brought about by aginginfrastructure. First is finding the monetarycapital to decommission the asset. Anotherchallenge to the industry is maintaining theasset’s integrity and fitness for purpose ona very tight budget. There are many morechallenges but I think these are the keychallenges the industry faces and will continueto face in the future.Q. The interview will not be completewithout a question relating to cathodicprotection because you have done a lotof work in developing cathodic protectionretrofit technologies. From your pointof view, do you think there is a goodunderstanding of cathodic protection in theindustry? What are the common mistakesin its application?A. I am amazed at the amount of fundamentalignorance that pervades the industry when itcomes to cathodic protection. There are a lotof misconceptions, but I will mention the twomost common. The first is the insistence bysome engineers that cathodic protection is aline of sight wave phenomenon rather than anelectrochemical mechanism, thus the classicmisconception arises that if an anode cannot“see” the structure then cathodic protectioncannot be achieved. The second commonmistake is the lack of appreciation for thefundamental principle of cathodic protection,such as the crowding up of sacrificial anodearrays onto skids with a complete disregardof mutual interference effects, and this hasled to high profile deployment of anodes thathave been massively under-protective. I thinkthere is a need for more awareness of thefundamentals of cathodic protection in theindustry.Q. Do you have any advice for thecorrosion professionals joining the oil andgas industry (especially in the North Sea)?What prospects do you see for the futureof the industry?A. I would say to any young professional thatcorrosion is a good profession which is stillunder-populated, and I would recommend itas a career choice. Corrosion is not confinedto the oil and gas sector and indeed, in theoffshore sector, it is branching into otherareas such as renewables. I would, however,advise any entry level or graduate corrosionprofessional to get a job where they can getpractical field exposure to corrosion becausethis will positively develop a fundamentalknowledge of corrosion and enhance careeropportunities in the future. Corrosion in the oiland gas industry has a very good prospect, butone must be willing to travel regularly and/or possibly relocate because it is essentially amobile industry.The members of the Aberdeen branchcommittee would like to thank Jim Brittonfor his contribution to our interview series.We would also like to commend him for hiscontinued commitment to the developmentof corrosion technologies and his supportfor our branch activities. This interview hasbeen conducted by the Institute of Corrosion(ICorr) Aberdeen branch committee. Moreinformation about branch activities can beobtained from the ICorr Aberdeen branchsecretary, Frances Blackburn, ICorrABZ@gmail.com. Alternatively, a calendar of local eventsof interest to corrosion professionals in theAberdeen area and the opportunity to signup for the branch’s mailing list is available athttps://sites.google.com/site/icorrabz/home.9

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012INSTITUTENEWSICorr Aberdeen Branch Meeting January 2012Corrosion Fatigue of Subsea PipelinesThe first meeting of 2012 was held on the24th of January at the Palm Court hotel inAberdeen. Dr David Baxter of Atkins Oil andGas delivered his presentation on “CorrosionFatigue of Subsea Pipelines” to forty nine (49)members in attendance.Dr Baxter started his presentation by explainingthe concept of fatigue and corrosion. Heexplained some fatigue related problems andthreats pipelines faced such as Vortex InducedVibration (VIV) loading, thermal cycling/buckling etc. He explained the synergistic effectof both damage mechanisms and describedhow this could lead to significant failure inpractice especially in the welded joints ofpipelines. David mentioned the two mainapproaches used for fatigue design i.e. the S-Napproach and Fracture mechanism approach.For the S-N approach, he mentioned thatmagnitude of stress (y-axis) versus numberof cycles (x-axis) curves where derived fromtesting and adopted by various design codesfor example BS 7608, BS5400 and DNV RPC203. He noted that beyond the use of designcodes, the assessments were left to knowledgeand experience of the assessor. He added thatfracture mechanics approach considered theamount of time it took for defects to growand was a more complex assessment than theS-N approach.He showed the negative effects of sourenvironment with graphical illustrationsof test results. “The results show a notablereduction in S-N fatigue life due to contactwith sour environment,” Dr Baxter explained.He also illustrated a marked increase in crackgrowth rate from fracture mechanics testingand the effects of other key parameters. Daviddiscussed the results from the SAFEBUCKJIP and other project specific modelling.Results showed a negative influence of theenvironment on fatigue resistant properties ofmaterials. Generating data at low frequencyand the time dependence of S-N experimentswere highlighted as some of the challengesthe team faced during fatigue testing.He ended his talk by drawing conclusions fromtest results, modelling and experience. Amongother findings, he noted that seawater and sourconditions had a dramatic effect in reducingfatigue life. He added that lateral buckling andcyclic loading frequency were also importantdesign parameters to consider.The negative effect of CP overprotectionof pipelines and industry preference of thetwo different approaches to fatigue designDr Baxter delivers his presentation.Delegates having refreshments.Branch Chairman introducingspeaker of the night.Cross section ofbranch members.Some delegates at the meeting.featured in an interactive question and answersession that followed immediately after thepresentation.The ICorr branch chairman thanked thespeaker for his presentation and urged new/intending members to contact the committeemembers for more information on ICorr. PETbooklets, Corrosion Management magazinesand continuous professional developmentcertificates were distributed to membersimmediately after the meeting.More information about the Aberdeenbranch activities can be got fromthe ICorr Aberdeen branch Secretary,Frances Blackburn, ICorrABZ@gmail.com.Alternatively, a calendar of local events ofinterest to corrosion professionals in theAberdeen area and the opportunity tosign up to the branch mailing list isavailable at https://sites.google.com/site/icorrabz/home.For all the latestnews, events anddebates join us on10

INSTITUTENEWSAberdeen Branch Meeting February 2012UK CUI Industrial Forum-10 Years ProgressOn the 28th February 2012 the Aberdeenbranch meeting was held at the Palm Courthotel. The guest speaker was John Thirkettlewho is a corrosion consultant of forty-eight(48) years work experience. John explainedthe concept of Corrosion Under Insulation(CUI) with illustrative photographs showingits insidious nature. He noted that althoughthe concept has been known for a while,professionals were still looking for a practicalsolution after years of research. He mentionedthat the reason was that initial research wasconducted in a disorganised way withoutenough communication between variousresearch groups. He explained how majorchanges the oil and gas industry in the 1970’sbrought about new insulation systems andwith it some problems, which only cameto light about twenty (20) years later. Heexplained how the Forum has used proactiveworkshops to share knowledge, experienceand information on CUI, reminiscing on theearly days of the UK CUI Forum.John described the structure of the UK CUIIndustrial forum, its members, achievementover the last few years and its affiliations.He outlined the major workshop themes,which the forum had organised includingCUI detection systems, long range ultrasonictesting, thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA),insulation systems, cladding and protectivecoating systems. He went into some detailof the application of technologies such asthe hydrotector and long range UT for CUIdetection and their limitations. He notedthe successes in the application of thermallysprayed aluminium (TSA) illustrating itsapplication technique with photographs.He also touched on the benefits of applyingthe Pinovo surface preparation technology,which featured in the branch’s October 2011meeting, and explained how this technologycan be used to make the TSA applicationprocess more effective and cheaper. Hecovered new technologies like the aerogelblanket and its application.John Thirkettle went on to explain the Forum’scontribution to the European Federation ofCorrosion (EFC) document number 55, whichis a standard CUI guidance document anddiscussed its content. He outlined currentinitiatives of the Forum, which included atraining and certification scheme for insulationapplicators and inspectors. Questions from theaudience were on the application of drain plugsas an effective CUI mitigation technique andhow to use the EFC 55 guidance document.Members of the audience provided usefulinsight into historical practices of CUI and howthis could lead to problems in the future as theQ&A session evolved into an open technicaldiscussion.The ICorr branch chairman thanked thespeaker for his presentation and urged new/intending members to contact the committeemembers for more information on ICorr. PETbooklets, Corrosion Management magazinesand continuous professional developmentcertificates were distributed to membersimmediately after the meeting.More information about theAberdeen branch activitiescan be got from the ICorrAberdeen branch Secretary,Frances Blackburn,ICorrABZ@gmail.com.Alternatively, a calendar oflocal events of interest tocorrosion professionals inthe Aberdeen area and theopportunity to sign up tothe branch mailing list isavailable at https://sites.google.com/site/icorrabz/home.The branch chairman opens the meeting.Delegates networking before the meeting.Some members at the meeting.John Thirkettle.11

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012FOCUSONcathodic protection & monitoringFOCUSONCONSULTANTSRectifier TechnologiesPRODUCT LAUNCH BY RECTIFIER TECHNOLOGIES (UK) LTDRectifier Technologies, a leading Designerand Manufacturer of Impressed CurrentCathodic Protection Power Supplies utilizinghigh efficiency Switch Mode technology,has pleasure in releasing the latest additionto its family of Rectifiers.The RTD CP500 Power Supply is a SwitchedMode Supply (SMR) module designed toprovide up to 500 watts of output power. Itis designed to be used in conjunction withcorrosion protection equipment and caninterface with a wide range of CP systems.The Module can be used as a stand aloneunit or as part of a bank of modules forgreater power. The CP500 is small andefficient and has a built in supervisorysystem which allows it to interface withexternal communications.The Input is Universal, single phase, 85 –264v AC with efficiency greater than 90%and power factor better than 98% with ACripple on the DC line less than 1% at fullload. It can operate in constant voltage,constant current or automatic modes. It hasinbuilt Interrupt facilities and USB interfacefor communications link to a PC and aninterface for GPS option. Facility is providedfor connection to a reference cell or externalcell module.Operating Temperature Range is -20C to50C.Used in conjunction with this Rectifier is aProgrammer Module designed for initial setup via a CAN BUS interface. The Programmercan be used as a removable module, forsystem inspection only, or as a fixed modulefor use with a backplane. When fitted to abackplane the programmer can be used forcontinuous system monitoring and control.It features an alphanumeric display and twosimple user controls.Amongst other functions the Programmer isutilised to set Interrupter timings and GPSSynchronization, zone control and remotecomms options. Once the parameters havebeen set they are loaded into the rectifierand will remain as fixed settings unlessreprogrammed.Setting the Programmer is simple. The rotaryencoder scrolls round the internal modesallowing the operator to easily update anysystem variables. The digital alphanumericdisplay ensures that user informationcan be read accurately, even in low lightconditions.The mechanical format can be Stand aloneRectifier (Minimum format) - Stand alonewith full Side plane mounting Programmer(single pluggable connection betweenRectifier and Programmer) – Stand alonewith parallel modules (single programmer,offering current sharing between modules)– Magazine system with parallel modules(single programmer, offering current sharingbetween modules).All options can be supplied eitherWall or Cabinet mounted.For more information contact: Rectifier Technologies Ltd., Sturmer Road, Haverhill, Suffolk, CB9 7UU, England.T: +44 (0) 1440 706777 F: +44 (0) 1440 762810 www.rtuk.co.uk12

FOCUSONcoating applicatorsFocusonconsultantsGPL Civil Engineering LimitedGPL Civil Engineering Limited is a uniqueand professional company that prides itselfon the ability to deliver a quality service toall its clients within the Rail, Civil, Utility andBuilding Industries. This commitment andability to develop has led to the formationof GPL Special Projects Ltd. With surfacepreparation and coatings application at its coreGPL Special Projects Ltd. can boast 30+ yearscombined experience through qualified staffand fully trained operatives in the protectivecoatings industry and can deliver numerousniche services as highlighted below;development and education process. The GPLcompany ethos is to provide a quality product,produced in accordance with all Environmentaland Health and Safety responsibilities, withinthe designated timescale to the satisfaction ofthe client. GPL believe in working closely withclients to provide professional assistance andadvice on many construction processes fromthe initial planning of the works through to thedevelopment of work plans and methodologyand then undertaking applications.GPL are not afraid of adopting new andinnovative processes and at all times remainflexible and capable of adapting workingpractices to suit differing ambient conditionstogether with programme restraints andenvironmentally sensitive situations.GPL Special Projects Ltd now hold thefollowing accreditations.n Sector scheme 19a Highwaysn Link Upn ICATS registeredn Stirling Lloyd Hytec approvedApplicator statusn Surface preparation including shotblastingn Protective coating systemsn Waterproofing – Stirling Lloyd HytecApproved Applicatorn Anti skid treatmentsn Concrete repairsn Decorative coatingsn Tank liningsGPL are proud of the investments made inpersonnel and service provision, with a busytraining regime that identifies the requirementsof individuals and provides them with an ongoingMount Sion Footbridge Refurbishment, RadcliffeClient: Bury CouncilStart Date: March 2012Duration: 8 weeksValue: £130,000GPL Special Projects have recently procured its first direct contract for Bury Council andwill soon commence works to refurbish an existing steel footbridge over the River Irwellin Radcliffe near Manchester.The works comprise surface preparation using both shot blasting and hand preperationtechniques; replacement of a number of items of steelwork including parapets, primingof the substructure and superstructure before finally re-painting. The work will becarefully undertaken to ensure the integrity of existing services and asbestos pipework.All works will be completed from a fully encapsulated scaffold structure spanning theRiver Irwell with maximum care being taken to ensure that works progress in a safe andenvironmetally sensitive manner.Mount Sion Footbridge Refurbishment, RadcliffeFor more information please visit www.gplcivils.co.uk or contact: Mr Ben Jones, Special Projects Director Tel: 0161 745788813

FOCUSONcoating applicatorsFOCUSONCONSULTANTSCorrosionManagement | March/April 2012RHINOCEROSQueen Elizabeth II BridgeOne of Belfast’s road bridges is about to emergefrom major refurbishment, a challengingjob completed against tight deadlines. Thecoating contractors are RHINOCEROS, aquickly growing infrastructure maintenancecompany based in London.2012 is a special year for Belfast: not only is itthe Titanic Centenary year, but also the Queen’sDiamond Jubilee. A landmark common toboth is the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge. Thebridge was opened by the Queen in 1967, andspans the River Lagan just a seagull’s hop fromthe Harland and Wolff yard which launchedthe most famous ship in history. The massiveshipyard gantries are now sadly quiet, but theQueen Elizabeth II Bridge is busier than ever.The Department for Regional DevelopmentNorthern Ireland decided late last year to giveit a proper refurbishment as part of the BelfastCity’s preparations for 2012.The contract was always going to presentspecial problems, and RHINOCEROS sentan experienced Contract Manager, BillPrendergast, to inspect the Bridge and preparetheir plan. Time was already tight – thedeadline was April 2012 and the contract wasonly awarded in December 2011. Inspectionsrevealed extensive corrosion and failure ofexisting coatings, most visibly on the parapetsand handrails. The beams underneath wereworse: pigeons had deposited up to 7” ofguano throughout the structure, and theexisting chlorinated rubber coatings wereseverely damaged.Refurbishing any transport infrastructure canbe a logistical headache. The Bridge had to bekept open to road and foot traffic throughoutthe operation, and there were plenty of minorinconveniences, such as a one-way systemwhich meant a City centre detour to movesupplies and plant from one end of the Bridgeto the other. On top of that, work was to startin February, when cold and damp could beexpected to be at their worst.RHINOCEROS built its early reputation ongraffiti removal and anti-graffiti coatings,but are now just as likely to be seen tacklinglarge infrastructure maintenance projectsall over the country, and beyond. Lateralthinking and problem-solving approach haswon the RHINOCEROS team friends in manymaintenance departments. Bill cut his teeth inthe Southampton marine industry and worksboth as a Contracts Manager and as a PaintInspector with ICORR Level 3 accreditation.His team are all ICATS accredited, or workinghard to complete their ICATS training underBill’s active supervision.Concrete refurbishment was being doneconcurrently by Graham Structural Solutionsof Belfast, and they planned to control thetemperature and humidity at levels whichwould allow painting by installing a WackerNeuson ground heater. This powerful US builtheater is designed for thawing out frozenground and heating very large buildings.Calculations showed the device could heatthe entire structure by 1 degree C in 24hours, so less than a week would be neededto take it from 0 degrees C to a workable 5degrees Celsius. In fact, Bill says the heatingwas so efficient that his workmen were ableto do most of their work at a comfortable 15degrees C.The bridge had previously been paintedwith up to 6 coats of chlorinated rubber.Consultations between RHINOCEROS,Belfast’s Road Agency and Mike Taylor of PPG/Sigma resulted in a specification for 40% blastcleaning to SA 2.5, with the remainder of thestructure being sweep blasted to remove onlythe top chlorinated rubber.Mike Taylor says “From experience withHighways Agency bridges, over-coatingthese types of systems can be fraught withdifficulty. Applying an epoxy system such asHA115, HA116, HA168, over the physicaldrying chlorinated rubber systems has led toexperiences of cracking, delamination andcrazing.Success is measured on the long term adhesionof the coatings to all the different surfaces ofthe structure. External areas on outer beamsthat are subject to sun and temperaturerises and falls are far more difficult to coatsuccessfully because of the difference inthermal characteristics of the chlorinatedrubber compared with the epoxy. Thechlorinated rubber will expand and contractwith temperature whereas the epoxy is morerigid and if applied over the chlorinated rubberis likely to crack.Experience from other Highways Agencybridges has shown that on outer beamsthe best option is to remove the existingchlorinated rubber system by abrasive blastcleaning and apply a new epoxy system.The under deck areas, where the existingchlorinated rubber system is more shelteredfrom the temperature fluctuations, canpossibly be treated with an epoxy system. Ithas been found that spot priming with HAItem 115 and then applying HA Item 112 andHA Item 168 can be successful. HA Item 112is preferred because from experience it is moreflexible than HA Item 116 and therefore lessprone to cracking because of the micaceousiron oxide pigmentation. It has also been foundthat the chlorinated rubber systems can havea powdery surface and this is best removed byslight sweep blasting before over coating withthe epoxy system.”The choice of abrasive was also critical.Gerry Bourke of Scangrit said Olivine wasthe preferred option when blasting aboverivers: “Olivine AFS30 and Olivine AFS 20will achieve “Medium” blast profiles on mildsteel as defined by BS EN ISO 8503-1:1995.A medium blast profile is defined as beingbetween 50 and 70 microns and up to 85micron.“In an independent Testing of ExpendableAbrasives conducted by PERA on behalf ofScangrit, Olivine AFS30 achieved a blast profileof 52.9µm and Olivine AFS20 achieved a blastprofile of 68.5µm. The tests were conductedwith a compressor rated at 350cfm at 100psidelivery pressure. The blast nozzle was aventuri type having a nozzle bore of 3/8”.Pressure measured in the grit delivery hose,behind the blast nozzle, was 60psi.”For more information please contact: RHINOCEROS Limited, Huntingdon Works, Huntingdon Road, East Finchley, London, N2 9DXTelephone: 0208 444 6165 Fax: 0208 365 2865 Email: contracts@rhino247.co.uk Web: www.rhino247.co.uk10 14

FOCUSONcoating applicatorsFocusonconsultantsRHINOCEROS Manager Duncan J MacLeansays Olivine also has the advantage of being anatural mineral - in the event of a spill or a tearin the containment sheeting no environmentalcontamination would be caused. “In practicethis has proved to be a smart move. Themen like it and say they never want to goback to using copper slag. It has proved tobe highly efficient in removing the 6 coatsof chlorinated rubber. The AFS30 or mediumgrit has proved to be ideal for sweep blastingthe chlorinated rubber. The AFS20, a coarsergrade, has produced a profile which exceedsthat required by the paint and has satisfiedthe client that his paint is going to stick to thebridge for a very long time!”After heating the area, it took over 100 tons ofOlivine for blast cleaning, the waste having tobe vacuum cleaned off the Terram protectivesheeting and hauled up to the road surface inlarge buckets.The first coating of Sigma 690 was applied byairless spray to a depth of 150 microns. Astripe coat over joints and rivets followed,using Sigma Micaceous Iron Oxide (MIO) to75 microns. This was covered with a furtherfull sprayed coat of MIO to 150 microns, andfinally a top coat of Sigma 550 to 50 microns,in Belfast signature colour Neptune.The parapets and handrails were taken to baremetal SA 2.5, then coated with Sigma 690,a stripe coat of Sigma 456, a further spraycoating of Sigma 456 and a top coating ofSigma 550 in Blueberry and Turquoise.The Titanic continues to generate controversy;latest theories suggest its hull failure mighthave been quickened due to excessive sulphurcontent in the steel. But above water levelBelfast is about to unveil a very attractiveexample of the best modern refurbishmenttechniques.Hankinson Painting GroupHankinson Restore Ancient StructureThe Blasting Division of Hankinson PaintingGroup were recently involved in therestoration of the main span of Powick NewBridge, a Grade II listed structure which carriesthe A449 over the River Teme, approximately2 miles South West of the City of Worcester.The bridge was built in 1837 and consists oftwo side spans and one main span – the mainspan taking the road across the river.The main span (approximately 21 metres inlength) consists of 7 No cast iron arch ribsand deck plates supported on sandstoneabutments. Access to the structure was carriedout using a fully encapsulated hung scaffold.Due to the environmentally sensitive location(river and flood plain) of the bridge no scaffoldcould be erected from ground level.Treatment of the structure consisted of fullfresh water wash down followed by abrasiveblasting of the cast iron using Garnet media(approximately 16 tonne). This was thenfollowed by applying a 5-coat epoxy paintsystem (approximately 950 litres in totalprovidedby Hempel Paints) and a compatiblemetal filler (approx. 60 litres) to all blowholes (honeycomb-which is common in castiron steelwork). All joints/interfaces weretreated using a compatible polysulphidesealant. External side elevations of the MainSpan were then picked out in various colours,which were chosen by the client.Once all works were completed the scaffoldwas dismantled and all contact points wereprepared and treated by specialist rope accessoperatives.Although not a requirement of the contract,all procedures were carried out in accordancewith the National Highways Sector Schemefor Corrosion Protection of Ferrous Materialsby Industrial Coatings (NHSS19A) and alloperatives were ICATS accredited.Operations Manager, Frank Kershawcommented “ The works to the Grade II listedstructure required not only the ability toperform technically challenging operationsbut also for our operatives to incorporatetheir artistic skills to complete the works tothe crest heraldry. I would like to take thisopportunity to commend the labour forcewho worked on the scheme”.All waste generated from the works wascollected and securely stored prior to removalto a suitably licenced waste transfer facility inaccordance with the Company’s ISO14001procedures.The contract has recently been shortlistedin the Industrial Category of the Painting &Decorating Association Premier Trophy Awards.Main Supplier Details:-Item: Protective CoatingsSupplier: Hempel PaintsMaterials:Item 115 - Hempadur Mastic 8588E - 19910Item 116 (Stripe) - Hempadur Mastic 8588EItem 116 - Hempadur Mastic 8588E - 17050Item 116 (Stripe) - Hempadur Mastic 8588EItem 169 - Hempathane Topcoat 5521E – 12-B-21Special/Other Products Used:-Item: Metal FillerSupplier: Hempel PaintsMaterial: Hempel ProFiller 35370Item: Polysuphide SealantSupplier: Adshead RatcliffeMaterial: Arbokol 1000For more information please contact: Central House, Lyng Lane, West Bromwich, West Midlands B70 7RW Telephone: 0870 789 2020email: sales@hankinson.co.uk website: www.hankinson.co.uk11 15

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012FOCUSONcoating applicatorsFOCUSONCONSULTANTSMPM North West LtdInstitute of Corrosion – Sustaining MembershipMPM North West Ltd is a family business,owned by the Hawkins family, based atMaryport Marina in West Cumbria. Thecore business is boatbuilding, repair andmaintenance and, over the years, thecompany has gained great experience in theapplication of coatings to cope with the mostextreme environments. It was this experiencealong with specialist knowledge of riggingsystems, that allowed MPM North Westto win the contract to repair and repaintBlackpool Tower.The job started in 2008 on an eight yearcontract, now slightly less due to the periodof accelerated works in 2011 to get thenew Tower Eye attraction ready to open forMerlin Entertainments who are the operatorsof Blackpool Tower for the Tower’s ownersBlackpool Council.MPM North West took possession of the siteas Principle Contractors and established aCDM regime which they manage from theiroffices which they established at the 80 foot,rooftop, level. Workshop and welfare facilitieswere set up too along with a small towercrane which was cantilevered from a custombuilt base platform attached to the northwestern Tower leg.To access all parts of the Tower structureMPMNW install scaffold decks sequentiallywith the scaffold components being deliveredearly morning at the base of the Tower fromwhere they are hoisted to rooftop level bythe tower crane. From there MPMNW usethe same lifts as the public to transfer thescaffold up the Tower, the only differencebeing that they travel at a slower speed andare carried, in purpose built frames,on top ofthe lift! If the wind reaches 40mph the liftscannot run and work at the higher levels ofthe structure have to be cancelled.Rope Access techniques, temporary lifelinesand nets are used until the scaffolding is inplace. Once completed the decks are fullyboarded with ply and sheeting is fixed in12 16place all round to contain debris within thescaffold and blasting then commences.The water blasting is carried out usingJetstream Europe twin gun machines withBarracuda rotating heads made by StoneageWaterblast Tools working at a pressure ofaround 32,000 PSI. Operators have to undergosafety training and must wear protectivebody armour and steel reinforced wellingtonsto protect them from the force of the water.The stripped bare steelwork is immediatelycoated with a single application of weldableprimer using airless spray equipment, byGraco, at an operating pressure of 6,800PSI. inspections are then carried out by BWBStructural Engineers and MPMNW to evaluatethe degree of corrosion sustained by theplates, bars, rolled sections and the millionsof fixings, rivets and bolts, which make up thetower. Those corroded steel components withdegradation in excess of 20% are removedand replaced with new steel.MPMNW collaborated with AmtecConsultants Ltd and the technical staff ofHempel’s Paints to developed the new coatingsystem for the Tower; Hempel was founded in1915 in Denmark so that company’s historyis nearly as old at the Tower itself whichopened in 1894. Three coats are applied, twocoats of two pack epoxy paint, and a top coatof two pack polyurethane giving a minimumof 300 microns DFT. The top coat is red andcannot be changed without listed buildingconsent as the Tower is a Grade One listedbuilding. Interestingly, this colour has changedonce when permission was granted for theTower to be painted gold for its centenarybut it had to return to its normal colour afterthe celebrations.The paint is being spray, brush and rollerapplied to suit the particular access issuesthroughout the complex steelwork structure.At laminar joints where there is a risk ofinsufficient paint penetration all joints arecaulked with Sikaflex prior to the completionof the coating system and potentialwater traps are prevented by the judiciousapplication of the same product. Preparationsand coatings are inspected by MPMNW’sInspector with auditing services provided byAmtec Consultants Ltd. .The existing paint being removed from theTower is lead based so all waste is treatedas hazardous and is collected and containedwithin sealed drums. These are removedFor more information please contact: MPM NORTH WEST LTD, Marine Road, Maryport, Cumbria, CA15 8AYTel : 01900 810299 Fax: 01900 810245 Email:mikej@mpmnw.co.uk www.mpmarine.co.ukdown to rooftop level for storage prior tocraning off for transport and disposal atlicensed sites under Environment Agencyapproved procedures. Stringent PPE routinesare practiced by MPMNW’s employees andthe health of workers is monitored by regularblood tests.Tower Factsn Opened on 14th May 1894n 118 years old this yearn 518 feet 9 inches high 158 metresn Grade on listed buildingn Member of the Wold federationof Great Towersn Cost of building £290,000n 2,500 tons of steeln 93 tons of cast ironn Original admission 6d plus 6d to goto topn The Circus is positioned at the baseof the Tower between the four legsn The Circus ring when flooded canhold 42,000 gallons of watern The present Ballroom was designedby Frank Matchamn The ballroom floor measures 120feet x 102 feet comprising of 30,602blocks of Mahogany, Oak andWalnut

FOCUSONcoating applicatorsFocusonconsultantsWedge Group GalvanizingPAINTING A PERFECT PROTECTIVE PICTUREGalvanizing has long been used withinthe construction industry to protect steelfrom corrosion, not only because of itsease of application, cost effectiveness andlong-term durability, but because of itsinherently sustainable qualities. Ongoingtechnological advances and new productdevelopments have made galvanizing anincreasingly environmentally-friendlyfinish, one which can be incorporated intoa variety of construction projects, bothlarge and small-scale. Trevor Beech ofWedge Group Galvanizing, the UK’s largesthot-dip galvanizing organisation, outlinessome of the key benefits of galvanizingand its sustainable qualities, as well ashighlighting a newly developed paint whichhas been produced specifically for use withgalvanized steel.“Steel is a vital raw material in theconstruction process, but it is highly proneto corrosion. In fact, figures suggest thatapproximately 4% of the world’s GDP islost each year due to corrosion, with onetonne of steel turning to rust every 90seconds – for every two tonnes of newsteel produced, one is made simply toreplace metal lost due to rust.The process of galvanizing involves cleansteel being dipped into molten zinc attemperatures up to 450˚C, where a series ofzinc-iron alloy layers are formed to create aprotective coating which can provide up to60 years of maintenance-free life.As a process, galvanizing results in minimalwaste, as any zinc that doesn’t instantlyform a coating on the metal, remains in thegalvanizing bath and is subsequently reused.Indeed, zinc’s non-ferrous characteristicsenable it to be recycled again and againwithout any loss of its physical or chemicalproperties. Of course, galvanizing reallycomes into its own as a sustainablefinish because of its one-off nature – theprocess only needs to be carried out atthe beginning of the construction project,but result in an effective and long-lastingprotection against corrosion. There’s noneed for the process to be repeated, andthere’s no requirement for time and costintensivemaintenance. At end of life thegalvanized products can also be removed,re-galvanized and re-used, as well as beingGalvanising in action.easily recycled with scrap created in thesteel production process.The industry has also taken significant stepsover the past few years to enhance theprocess to reduce its overall environmentalimpact, moves which Wedge Group hashelped to lead the way. As a company, wehave implemented a number of highlyinnovativeelements to reduce waste andimprove energy efficiency. For example, wehave introduced sophisticated rainwaterharvesting and sustainable drainagesystems at the majority of our 14 plantsacross the UK, which has minimised thereliance on mains supply.Once steelwork has been galvanized, therecan be a requirement to add colour to thefinish, perhaps to complement a company’sexisting branding. This can lead to majorissues with adhesion, as most types ofpaint simply cannot bond adequately to thesurface. To ensure that the paint remains onFor more information please contact: Stafford Street, Willenhall, West Midlands, WV13 1RZTelephone: 01902 630311 Fax: 01902 36635 Website: www.wedge-galv.co.ukBlackpool Tram Depot.the surface of the steel, the paint must becompatible with the galvanized coating, acombination that will provide unparalleledcorrosion protection.Wedge Group Galvanizing is currentlythe sole UK distributor of Galvacoat, atwo-component polyurethane-basedpaint system which has been specificallydesigned for use on galvanized steel.Galvanizing provides an ideal primer for thepaint, which is available in all RAL and BScolours at different levels of gloss, allowingthe end contractor a huge degree of designfreedom. Once applied to galvanizedsteel via its one coat system, Galvacoatcan last for a minimum of 8-10 years,eliminating the need for repeated on-sitemaintenance and replacement costs. It hasalready proven to be a popular solution forspecialist signage manufacturer ASG, whorecently used the paint on steel gantriesinstalled on the forecourts of every Tescopetrol station in the UK.”13 17

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012TECHNICALARTICLEInfluence of Corrosion onDesign of Marine StructuresAli Sarandily, Technical Director, Ports & Marine, AECOM Perth, Western Australia AUSTRALIA.AbstractThis paper is about a study which show howa design life of 50 years for steel marinestructures in a severe marine environment interms of corrosion can be achieved. The studyhas looked at:n Selection of material and form ofconstructionn Corrosion rates in various zonesn Influence of marine environment oncorrosion and mechanism of corrosion;and has concluded that:1. Understanding of the mechanisms ofcorrosion and corrosion issues relating todesign is the first and most important step incorrosion control;2. The occurrence of corrosion in marinestructures is as simple as:A +B =CWhere:A: Aggressive Marine Environment;B: Bad Design/detailing; andC: Concentrated CorrosionThe common factor in all the above is the“prevent the formation of corrosion cellprinciple” which relies on the designerhaving an understanding and awareness ofthe mechanism of corrosion and corrosioncell formation. The designer must considerthe “prevent the formation of corrosion cellprinciple” while formulating steel designdetails for marine structures.Key WordsUniform and concentrated corrosion,durability of marine structures, and marineenvironment.1.0 introductionWhen it comes to corrosion and durabilityof marine structures, there is a belief amongmaritime engineers that corrosion will notoccur and marine structures normally remaindurable if they are fully protected by cathodicprotection or if the steel structure hassufficient corrosion protective coating.18This may be true for uniform and generalcorrosion which occurs in a homogenousmaterial and a member with no differencein electrical potential between any pointson the surface. However, the corrosion rateaccelerates and becomes more concentrateddue to bad design or material choice or acombination of the two, where cathodicprotection will not be effective.This occurs because normally engineers designthe structures and refer to relevant “codesof Practices” 1&2 to cover the corrosion byignoring the principles and basis of corrosionand how and why it occurs. The objective ofthis paper is to look at:n A case study to understand the materialchoice and form of design that is intendedto achieve the design life of the structure;n The basis and forms of corrosion andfactors that affect the corrosivity; andn Provide a general awareness that engineerscould follow to minimize the effect ofcorrosion in marine structures by adopting“prevent the formation of corrosion cellprinciple”.Corrosion occurs on unprotected steelstructures in any location, and varies inintensity depending on local variables 3 butit is the localized and aggressive corrosion inthe marine environment that if it is not dealtwith, may cause the marine structure to fail.The localised corrosion can occur when:n Dissimilar metals are in contact orjoined together; orn A detail exists that allows penetration,retention or trapping of moisture or water;orn A steel member is constantly exposed towetting and drying conditionsMany mistakenly believe that application ofa coating system or cathodic protection willeliminate corrosion but the coating systemhasn’t prevented the corrosion of Delta Pierin and below the Splash Zone where the bondbetween the flame sprayed thermoplasticcoating and the steel sheet pile has failedand re-exposed the structure to the corrosiveenvironment.Engineers often apply time-honored methodsto protect maritime structures againstcorrosion with little or no understanding ofthe principles behind them 5 . The goal of thispaper is to encourage engineers to think moreabout the root cause of the various typesof corrosion in marine structures and applythe “prevent the formation of corrosion cellprinciple” to overcome the occurrence ofcorrosion.The majority of marine structures are madeof carbon steel members or carbon steel (i.e.steel reinforcement) embedded in concretemembers or a combination of the two. They aresubjected to harsh environmental conditionsand loads. The common approach is to designthe structure to resist the environmental loads(i.e. ocean wave, current and tidal actions etc.)but the design for durability comes into 2 ndplace, and if it is overlooked, this may lead tocatastrophic consequences.There are many different technical reasonsfor Marine Structures to fail and failure isnormally a consequence of a combinationof different factors. However failure due tocorrosion could occur if the concentratedcorrosion coincides with the highly stressedbending zone of structural members.There has been no reported catastrophicfailure due to corrosion in operational marinestructures but following highlights the failureof Bridge structures due to Accelerated LowWater Corrosion (ALWC) of piles 6 .An engineering report, investigating thecollapse of a Northern Territory bridge 6 , foundthat two steel piles of the Adelaide RiverBridge were completely corroded throughthe base. This was believed to be caused bya number of factors, including a sulphatereducing bacteria which had attacked thesteel pile and which had not previously beenknown to exist in tropical conditions.For many marine steel structures the issue ofcorrosion is one of uniform or concentratedcorrosion and the design life of marinestructures is normally 50 years and the needto design, detail and construct a durableand a functional structure, requires a detailunderstanding of:n material selection and form of design andits fabrication;

TECHNICALARTICLEn the surrounding environment and itseffect on durability of the structure; andn basis and mechanism of corrosion andhow and when it occurs.All of the above are required so that theintended design life can be achieved byproviding a design solution to corrosionproblems in the marine environment.The reason for selecting this case study is thatthe author was responsible for the design anddesign management of this marine structureand ensured that the durability of structurewas addressed at the design stage and not atthe maintenance stage which is normally toolate and not cost effective.2.0 Case Study2.1 Harriet and NelsonPoint Jetties in PortHedland, AustraliaHarriet and Nelson Point loading Jetties arelocated at Port Hedland (approximately1600 Km from Perth), in Western Australiawhere two new berths will be located ateach jetty with capacity to accommodateCape Class vessels to a maximum of 250,000DWT (Dead Weight Tonne) at each berth.The length of each jetty is 865m and thewidth is approximately 30m (Figure 1). Therequirement was to design an economicalberthing and loading platform that has adesign life of 50 years.Figure 1. Harriet Point Loading Jetty (Image courtesy ofMcConnell Dowell).2.1.1 Selection of Materialand Form of ConstructionThe question of material selection and formof construction is crucial for the long termcorrosion prevention of jetty structures asit is required to withstand the extreme loadcombinations while allowing uninterruptedloading of iron ore to continue. Therefore,a suitable material needs to be robust totransfer the applied load to the foundationsas well as retaining service life for 50 years incorrosive marine environment with minimumpreventive measure without significantmaintenance work.There is really no simple rule for choice ofmaterial in the design of marine structures,it is normally based on the Company ordesigner’s experience on similar projects and:n Cost and their availability;n Design parameters;n Service life;n Short fabrication and installation time;n Applied load; andn Seabed conditionThe Norsok Standard M-001 which iscommonly used for material selection,recommends that the choice of materialshall be such that, general, pitting and crevicecorrosions can cost effectively be prevented 7 .This is true but the fabrication methodand the corrosion rate of the material areequally important as they both influence thecorrosion.The construction material for this type ofstructure is usually a combination of carbonsteel and reinforced concrete members. Themost common Jetty construction consistsof circular carbon steel piles supporting aconcrete or steel frame deck system 8 and inWestern Australia the general approach forthe construction is a modular constructionwith limited site works. This is to prefabricateoffsite a complete section and then transportto site by heavy lift ship or semi-submersiblevessel for final installation. The reason beingthat modular construction provides “highquality” product and fewer defects as it will becarried out under a controlled environment.The construction material for marinestructures differs from country to country.For example the author has experiencedthat concrete marine structures are morecommonly used in Hong Kong and PersianGulf countries than say in United Kingdomand Australia and the reason behind this ispurely economics but the marine environmentof these countries can also be more polluted 9so corrosion prevention of steel structuresin polluted marine environments is not verycost effective.2.1.1.1 Choice of CarbonSteel as a ConstructionMaterial for main framingand substructureCarbon steel has been chosen for the mainframing of superstructures and substructuresof this marine structure. The key driver foruse of carbon steel for the main framing andsubstructure is its versatility to be fabricatedin a form of module offsite and inspectedfor any defects during fabrication includingwelds before installation. This is to identifyand eliminate the sources of corrosion hotspots as well as structural defects. 8&10 Anydefects during fabrication or service lifedue to corrosion either in the member orjoints will later have a detrimental affect onstability of the structure or operation of thefacilities. 3,4&52.1.1.2 ModularConstructionModular construction techniques commonlyused in the oil and gas industry for decades 10are now being successfully applied to some ofthe other large maritime projects undertakenin Australia 8 . After fabrication offshore, wharfmodules are normally transported by heavylift ship to the site, transferred onto theirfinal positions by the ship’s Cranes. Figure 2below shows an example of box girder beamswhere the weld details can easily be inspectedbefore assembly.The initial motivation for using modularconstruction was because of over-ridingrequirements for speed of construction andsite safety when working over water, improvedquality, and for an early return of investment.The same conclusion was also echoed inthe 4 th International Modular Construction& Pre-Assembled Fabrications Conference,recently held in Perth 11 , but they also statedthat the modular construction also providedhigh quality and few defected products withlower cost which is critical for achieving theintended design life of the structure.It has also been proven that use of offsitefabrication is very effective in terms of function,quality, time, cost and operative safety 12 .19

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012TECHNICALARTICLE2.1.1.3 Corrosion RateClassification for CarbonSteelWhen a designer is selecting a constructionmaterial, the corrosion rate figures for thematerial must be known so that the designercan determine how much sacrificial corrosionallowance is required when a preventivemeasure to corrosion is designed. Differentmaterials have varying corrosion ratesdepending on specific environments.Table 25 in BS6349 1 “Code of Practice forMaritime Structures” ( table 1 below) providescorrosion rates for unprotected structuralsteels in temperate climate in mm/side/year.Hong Kong Port Works manual 13 followsBS6349 1 with the exception that the corrosionin splash and below seabed zones are 0.5 and0.04 mm per year respectively.2.1.2 Influence of MarineEnvironment on CorrosionDavis et al states that Marine Environmentalconditions do influence the corrosion of marineFigure 2. Example of Modular Construction (Image courtesy of McConnell Dowell).Factorsstructures, and there is quite often a definiterelationship between the corrosion rate andthe protective current density required toprevent corrosion 14 . For example a cathodicprotection system designed for an offshoreplatform or drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexicomay not operate with the desired results inthe North Sea area. A cathodic protectionsystem designed for corrosion preventionon a structure in open sea water would notperform satisfactorily for the same structurein brackish water (i.e. mixtures of fresh andsalt waters found in tidal bays and estuaries)or polluted waters. Therefore in order tounderstand how the marine environment mayinfluence corrosion, it is important to havean understanding of the environment of thestructure and whether it will have an additionalaffect on the corrosivity of the structures asSeawater becomes more corrosive due to itshigher conductivity and chloride ion contentcompared to say Brackish waters 15 .There is also a degree of agreement that thecorrosion of carbon steel and its severity inthe marine environment depends on manyparameters including temperature, dissolvedoxygen content, salinity, water chemistry,pH, biofouling, fluid velocity and surfaceAverage(mm/side/year)Upper limitvalues (mm/side/year)Atmospheric zone – above splash zone andwhere direct wave or spray impingement is0.04 0.10infrequent (i.e. in the dry)Splash zone – above mean high water springlevel0.08 0.17Tidal zone – between mean high water and meanlow water spring level0.04 0.10Intertidal low water zone – between low waterspring and 0.5m below lowest astronomical tide0.08 0.17Continuous immersed zone – from 0.5m belowlowest astronomical tide to seabed level0.04 0.13Below seabed level - 0.015 max.Table 1: Corrosion rates of carbon steel in marine environment as per BS6349 table 25 116 & 17roughness, but the current velocity andtemperature variations particulary affect thecorrosion rate. For example some work hasshown that 18 the corrosion rate of carbonsteel is linear up to water velocity of 2 m/sand non linear between 2 and 6 m/s byusing an experimental method of holding acarbon steel pipe 150mm long by 12.5mmto 50mm diameter in a recirculating systemwith seawater at 23°C. There is a monotonicdecrease in the rate as water velocityincreases further while others 19 report thattheir field test data shows that the currentvelocity increases the corrosion rate of carbonsteel under tidal conditions non linearly up tomaximum current velocity of 1 m/s where1 m/s was the peak current velocity of thetest field location. However, the comparisonresults show that the overall corrosion loss inboth cases are similar so the overall designapproach will not be affected.As a general principle the corrosion rate alsoincreases with temperature but other variablessuch as oxygen concentration and biologicalactivity must also be considered 17 .2.1.3 Basis and Mechanismof Corrosion in CarbonSteel and how it relates topreventive measuresCorrosion manifests itself in many ways so anunderstanding of the basis and mechanismof corrosion and how and when it occurs willallow the designer to provide a design solutionto corrosion problems in marine environmentin order to achieve the intended design life ofthe structure.Unlike the Oil and Gas industry, a corrosionengineer is not usually part of the designteam of marine structures except for designof cathodic protection systems where acorrosion engineer is employed. Hencethe whole design process is designed andmanaged by a maritime engineer often withlittle knowledge of basis of corrosion exceptthat of code requirements. Zaki Ahmad statesthat 20 it is important the designer have anunderstanding and awareness of “corrosion”problems and more often, more attentionis paid to selection of “corrosion” resistantmaterials for specific environment, and aminimal consideration is given to design anddetailing.Therefore in order to understand therequirements for corrosion protection andto make an appropriate judgement on thecorrosion and corrosion prevention of marinestructures we need to have an appreciation of20

TECHNICALARTICLEhow the corrosion cells are created which leadto corrosion. 21A basic corrosion cell consists of:n Anode site, where corrosion occurs andfrom which current flows;n Cathode site, where no corrosion occursand to which current flows;n Electrolyte, a medium capable ofconducting electric current by ioniccurrent flow (i.e. water, or saturatedconcrete);n Metallic path, connection between theanode and cathode, which allows currentreturn and completes the circuit.and they are all required for corrosion tooccur. The driving force behind corrosion isa corrosion cell that is electrochemical innature; that is, involves chemical reactionsand the transport of electrons. The drivingforce behind the corrosion cell is a potentialor voltage difference between the anode andcathode, which leads to corrosion to occur.The corrosion cell (i.e. potential difference)can be created if:n Unprotected steel surface is in contactwith electrolyte which could be either afilm of moisture or seawater;n Dissimilar metals are in contact or joinedtogether;n A detail exists that allows penetration,retention or trapping of moisture or water;andn Steel member is constantly exposed towetting and drying conditionsThe above are some examples of the corrosioncell creators in their simplest form and if theformation of corrosion cell is prevented, thencorrosion can be prevented and the intendeddesign life of the marine structure can beachieved. We name this approach “prevent theformation of corrosion cell principle”. In orderto accomplish this, the designer must havean understanding and awareness of corrosioncell formation during the design and detailingprocess of the structure. We will explore thisin some detail to understand the mechanismand formation of the corrosion cell and how itcan be prevented.2.1.3.1 Unprotected steelsurface in contact withelectrolyteAtmospheric zone adjacent to jetty is ladenwith wind-swept fine particles of sea salt(i.e. sodium chloride) that is highly corrosiveand deposits on nuts and bolting and surfaceof the structure surfaces 22 & 23 . The sodiumchloride could be dispersed either as liquidaerosol or dry particles 24 , and it will providecatalyst for corrosion which is known to occurat relative humidity as low as 35% 25 .When the unprotected steel surface is contactwith an electrolyte such as seawater or a filmof moisture containing dissolved salts, anelectrochemical process occurs which leadsto corrosion 26 . All metals in contact with anelectrolyte have an electrochemical potentialthat is specific for the metal/electrolytecombination. Different metals have differentpotentials in a specific electrolyte. At thesurface of one metal in an electrolyte, thereare anodic and cathodic areas, which havesmall differences in potential. They form activeelectrochemical cells in which current flowsfrom the anodic areas into the electrolyte, andfrom the electrolyte into the cathodic areas.The prime example of this scenario is theprimary and secondary steel members of ajetty structure and if it is left unprotected, orbadly protected, cell corrosion will be createdon its surface which will lead to corrosion.Hence to prevent the creation of the corrosioncells, all the primary and secondary membersas shown in Figure 2 are coated with an anticorrosionsystem to prevent the creation ofthe corrosion cells.2.1.3.2 Dissimilar metalsare in contact or joinedtogetherAlthough dissimilar metals such as stainlesssteel anchor bolts aren’t encouraged for usein marine environment, there are places thatstainless steel anchor bolts are used due totheir higher yield strength. Where there arestainless steel anchor bolts in concrete, there ispossibility of corrosion of the bolts, base plateor embedded carbon steel reinforcement andit is a concern for the designers as cathodicprotection. Therefore proper detailing ofthe holding down bolts by understandingthe corrosion mechanism is the key for thepreventing corrosion in the structure.Due to the nature of this Jetty Structureand its design all these details are in theatmospheric zone of the structure and figures3 and 4 provide two examples of stainlesssteel holding bolts.2.1.3.3 A detail that allowspenetration, retention ortrapping of moisture orwaterGood design detailing is the first and mostimportant step in corrosion control andimproper detailing will create a corrosioncell in maritime structures that will leadto corrosion. The codes for steel structuresprovide general guidance on use of structuralsteel and good detailing but do not providean in depth knowledge of the subject. BS ENISO 12944-3 guidance for the prevention ofcorrosion by good design 27 detailing statesthat “the design of a structure can affect thedurability of any protective coating appliedFigure 3. Stainless steel holding down bolts of the concrete deckguard rails (Image courtesy of Mac Connell Dowell)are not isolated.are not isolated.are not isolated.Figure 4. Detail of holding down bolts for a stanchion (Image courtesy of Mac Connell Dowell)if the stainless steel boltsif the stainless steel boltsif the stainless steel bolts21

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012TECHNICALARTICLEto it. Detailing is important to ensure thatthe protective treatment can be applied toall surfaces. Narrow gaps, difficult to reachcorners, and hidden surfaces should beavoided whenever possible. Details that couldpotentially trap moisture and debris, whichwould accelerate corrosion, should also beavoided”.Clause 59 of BS 6349: Part 1 1 provides generalguidance on the use of structural steel andother metals in marine structures and theimportant points to note are as follows:Figure 6. Typical detail of berthing dolphin where reinforced concrete pile cap is supported by piles(Image courtesy of Mac Connell Dowell)n Fabrication details should be kept as simpleas possible and should be designed to avoidcorrosion and facilitate maintenance;n Tolerances for on-site connections shouldbe generous because of the difficultiesassociated with working in a marineenvironment;n As much prefabrication as possibleshould be undertaken, taking advantage ofmechanised welding and early paintingunder factory-controlled conditions; andn Maintenance strategy is developed toensure that periodic inspection is carriedout to enable corroded or otherdeteriorated members to be identified anddealt with at an early stage before itaffects the integrity of the structure.Penetration, retention or entrapment ofmoisture or water can be the result of manyscenarios. Examples are provided in figures5, 6 and 7 where water will be trapped andcorrosion will commence by forming acorrosion cell if good design detailing is notcarried out.Example 1: Figure 5 shows a typical gussetfree weld connection for a truss where thedesigner 28 has only shown the weld lengthsto resist the applied load but the joint asit is shown is prone to crevice corrosionas the connection has not been sealed bythe weld. The solution is to fillet weld theremaining part in order to seal the joint allaround.Figure 7. Bolt connection of top to base module on site (Image courtesy of Fortescue Metals Group(FMG) and Mac Connell Dowell)Example 2: Figure 6 shows a typical detail of aberthing dolphin where a reinforced concretepile cap is supported by piles. Possiblecrevice corrosion may occur at the pointof encapsulation where steel is capped byconcrete as there is no bond between themand the members are constantly exposed towetting and drying conditions. The solution iseither to coat the outer surface of steel pileright to the top and 50mm return inside thepile or adopt the reinforced concrete insitu filloption to the top 2 to 3m of pile and makethe section of the pile sacrificial.Possible crevice corrosion between steel pileand concrete cap.Example 3: Figure 7 shows a bolted connectionof a module to its base plate on site. Possiblecrevice corrosion may occur between the baseplates or bolts and base plates. The solution isto use a:n Membrane between the coated base platesso that the gap between the steel plates issealed; andn Non metallic and heat and UV resistantwashers in the bolts so that the gapsbetween the bolts and the base plates aresealed.By sealing the gaps the penetration,retention or trapping of moisture or watercan be prevented, hence the creation of acorrosion cell.2.1.3.4 Steel Membersconstantly exposedto wetting and dryingconditionsExposing the steel members to constantwetting and drying condition (i.e. splash zone)will result in formation of corrosion cells thatlead to aggressive and localised corrosionand has been the subject of intense study inrecent years 29,3,30 & 31 .Corrosion in the splash zone normallyencompasses several exposure zones ofdiffering aggressivity 3 & 30 and the corrosionperformance of marine structures in thesezones requires specific considerationwhen designing the marine structures. Theclassification of the zones is shown in figure8 and they are:Figure 5. Typical gusset free weld connection for truss (Image courtesy of Steel Designers’ Handbook, 6th Edition by B Gorenc, R. Tinyou and A. Syam, 1996 28 ).n Atmospheric Zone: The atmospheric zoneis located above the splash zones wherethe area is exposed to salt ladenatmosphere;22

TECHNICALARTICLEn Splash Zone: The splash zone is locatedbetween the tidal and marine atmosphericzones (i.e. above mean high-water);n Tidal and Low Water Zones: Tidal zone liesbetween the mean low water and meanhigh-water tidesn Submerged Zone: This is the zone that liesbetween the seabed level (includingscouring zone) and 600mm -700mm belowthe mean low water; andn Below the seabed level: Where structure isbelow the seabed-level.2.1.3.4.1Corrosion inAtmospheric ZoneThis is the area between the top of thestructure and the splash zone. The corrosionof an unprotected steel structures in this zoneis generally less than in the splash zone (Figure8) but it is still significant. The corrosionand degree of severity in the atmosphericzone depends on several variables such ashumidity, temperature, chloride content, windand sunlight 32 . For example saline particlesin the atmospheric zone accelerate metalliccorrosion process as chloride increases thesolubility of the corrosion products. It is alsoreported that marine chloride dissolved in thelayer of moisture also raises the conductivityof the electrolyte layer on the metal andtends to destroy the passive film existing onthe metallic surface 33 . Recent study has alsodemonstrated that bacteria are involved inthe longer term corrosion of mild steel in theatmospheric zone. 342.1.3.4.2 Corrosion inSplash Zone and BelowWaterlineA common localised and aggressive type ofcorrosion that occurs in splash zone and belowwaterline is defined as Accelerated Low WaterCorrosion (ALWA) and its existences wasn’twidely recognised until 1980s 30 . ALWA (Figure8) is aggressive and localised and occurs onthe surface of steel maritime structures in thetidal zones 30 .The detailed mechanism of ALWC is still notvery clear and continues to be a matter ofsome debate 3 & 30 but it is said it is to be oneform of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion(MIC) 3 & 30 also known as microbial corrosionor biological corrosion. It is the deteriorationof metals as a result of the metabolic activityof microorganisms.Figure 8. Corrosion profile of an unprotected steel structure in seawaterIt has been reported that when metal is firstimmersed in seawater, a thin biological slimefouling layer tends to develop in a matterof hours, which itself may influence thesubsequent settlement of micro and macrofouling organisms 35 . Following the micro-ormacro fouling organisms attachment, largedifferences in oxygen concentration or pHchanges can be created on metal surfaceswhich results in localised corrosion 36 .In general the intensity of corrosion of anunprotected steel structure in seawater variesmarkedly with position relative to the meanhigh and low tide level 37 as shown in figure8. It states that 37 the splash zone is the mostseverely attacked region due to continuouscontact with highly aerated sea water andthe erosive effects of spray, waves and tidalactions.Corrosion in the idal zone (i.e. between MLWand MHW) is usually slow and uniform 3 . Thearea tends to accumulate dense barnaclegrowths with filamentous green seaweeds. Themarine growth does not corrode the materialbut makes the carbon steel more noble.Corrosion in the Low water zone is relativelysevere due to differential aeration at theuppermost point of continuous steelimmersion, where electrolyte is permanentand oxygen levels peak 3 , as well as that thelow water zone is acting anodic relative to thetidal zone.The area approximately 500mm below meanlow water, where severe corrosion rates areoften experienced is subject to AcceleratedLow Water Corrosion (ALWC) and PIANC 3summaries the corrosion mechanism of ALWCby stating that ALWC occurs in the presenceof sulphates in marine environments, whichare converted by sulphate-reducing bacteria(SRB) into hydrogen sulphide (H2S) thatcauses direct anaerobic corrosion of steelsurfaces. The H2S generated in this metabolicprocess also serves as a food source for23

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012TECHNICALARTICLEsulphide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), whichin turn convert the hydrogen sulphide tosulphuric acid (H2SO4). The oxidation bySOB of hydrogen sulfide generated by SOBserves to promote a continuous electrolysisprocess at the steel surface. Through thissymbiotic action of collocated colonies ofSRB and SOB participating in a microbialsulphur cycle, the standard rusting, corrosionprocess is accelerated and made moresevere through pitting. It further states thatsymobiotic colonies of SRB and SOB findacceptable conditions at the tidal interface,where both anaerobic conditions for the SRBand oxygen availability for the SOB occur.Electrochemical corrosion also requires waterand oxygen. All these conditions are evidentlybest satisfied near low astronomical tide(LAT), being very infrequently exposed in thetidal range. There appears to be a 0.5m heightrange of susceptibility above LAT, hencethe terminology of accelerated low watercorrosion.2.1.3.4.3 Immersed andEmbedded ZonesCorrosion in the immersed zone is relativelyslow and uniform (Figure 8) and in many casesthe structure could be passivated by corrosionby-products or marine growth. Exceptioncan occur at bed level, where concentratedcorrosion caused by differential oxygen cells,by scouring that exposes clean steel or thepresence of soil-borne SRB 3 .Where the structure is below the seabedlevelvery little corrosion occurs as there is nooxygen and the rate given for the corrosionbelow seabed level is 0.05mm per year 13 .However if there is coarse granular materialwhere oxygen traces are present, corrosionwill occur but it is slow and uniform except ifthe soil is acidic or contains SRB.2.1.4 Methods forControl and Prevention ofCorrosion in Marine SteelStructuresWhen it comes to design of preventivemeasures for corrosion of carbon steel inmarine environment, there is no clear cutapproach in corrosion industry to overcomethe corrosion. How much protection isrequired is still debatable, the reasonbeing that the corrosion of steel in marineenvironments, sometimes difficult to relateto field conditions and hence not easilytransportable to other situations 38 . Hencethe designer normally relies on operatorsown guidelines (based on their operationaland maintenance experiences) or variousspecialist publications that provide guidelines for corrosion protection 39 . On majorresources projects the 1 st author has followedthe operator’s more strenuous guidelineon the corrosion protection rather than thecode requirement (Figure 9). The followingcorrosion protection coating system wasapplied from -2mCD to top of piles, and allprimary and secondary steelwork for marinestructure in Port Hedland:n Prime Coat of Intergard 269;n Top coat of Interzone 954 applied by airlessspray, two coats (wet on dry), tinted forvisual differentiation;n Total topcoat of DFT 500 microns; andn Colour N35 light grey as a final topcoatfor piles.Impressed current cathodic protection is alsoinstalled on piles to minimise maintenanceand disruption of jetty loading operationsduring its design life 40 .ALWA is a concern for designers because thecorrosion rates can be at least a factor of10 times faster than average level corrosionresulting in a potential failure in less than 10years 29 and a novel form of naturally occurringcoating that could mitigate the corrosiondamage to existing structures called “LATreat”has recently been proposed 29 . In brief, thisis a three stage protection on an existingstructure:The first stage of the three-step processinvolves surface cleaning and removal ofFigure 9. Corrosion coating system for piles of the HarrietPoint Loading Platform Jetty, showing marine growth intidal zone (Image courtesy of Mac Connell Dowell).deposits via an applied voltage to the structure.Through this step, hydrogen is evolved fromthe surface – this helps to dislodge and removethe corrosion and associated biofilm;The second phase involves a voltage reversal,where chlorine is directly generated on thesurface structure by salt water electrolysis.Once the chlorine has reached a significantconcentration (a few parts per million), it killslocal bacteria and other microbial agents bysterilisation. It is said that it is a similar processto the chlorination of swimming pools – i.e.direct electrolysis of salt solution to producechlorine; andIn stage three, the applied voltage polarityis reversed again, reverting to the initial phase.The current flow, however, is controlled to amuch lower value and is pulsed on and off.Instead of hydrogen, water is reduced directlyby electrolysis and produces alkali locally atthe structure surface.It is reported that if the pH is altered andraised (such as by the production of alkali),the solubility of calcium bicarbonate (asseawater is a dilute solution of CO 2 in theform of calcium bicarbonate) reduces and afilm of calcium carbonate is deposited. Thecoating, consisting of calcium carbonateand magnesium hydroxide is deposited by asimilar mechanism, as it is naturally layeredby the pulsed nature of the current.Due to all the uncertainty that surroundsthe following precautions should be followedas part of the design in order to achieve theintended design life :n Use of a heavier sectionn Use of high yield steel at mild steel stresslevelsn Application of Coating System; andn Application of Cathodic Protection; orn Combination of all aboveAlthough all the above can be used separatelyor in combination to prevent general corrosion 1& 41the only preventive action that will delayor minimise localised corrosion is the “Designfor durability and good detailing”.2.1.5 What is design fordurabilityBy understanding the corrosion mechanism(as also outlined above), the design fordurability and good detailing stands at thecore of corrosion control of the marine steelstructure. The aim in the design should beto prevent the formation of corrosion cells24

TECHNICALARTICLEFigure 10. Typical detail of providing good drainage to prevent commencement of corrosion cells (Image courtesyof Mac Connell Dowell)which are the catalyst for commencementof corrosion. For example if we can eliminatethe formation of the electrolyte on thestructures, then the commencement ofcorrosion will be delayed. This means thatthe structural detailing should be in such away:n To maintain adequate space betweencomponents to facilitate corrosionprotection painting system to be applied;n To avoid formation of pools of water inparts of the structure at all time;n To ensure good drainage of water on steelmembers at all time;n To fully seal hollow sections;n To avoid placing steel members so theyare inaccessible for inspection; andn To insulate two metals from each other iftwo different metals are used in thedesign.Hence eliminating the formation of corrosioncells. The design should be based on the“eliminate the corrosion cells principle”.additional plate (see Figure 10) to providea sloped drainage system to eliminate thecreation of corrosion cells in that area.Example 2Figure 11 shows detailing that providesgood drainage and adequate space betweencomponents to facilitate corrosion protectionpainting or galvanising;Example 3The detailing of the catwalk bottom nodesat an LNG/LPG jetty (i.e. bottom structuralchords intersect) was such that pondingwould have occurred. Hence “Megapoxy P1”was used (Figure 12) to eliminate the pondinghence elimination of corrosion cells.“Megapoxy P1” is a two component highstrength epoxy paste based on DGEBA epoxyresin and carbonate free filler. Easy to use,this product sets after mixing with excellentproperties for a wide range of applicationssuch as metal to metal bonding.Figure 11. Typical detail of providing good drainageto prevent commencement of corrosion cells (Imagecourtesy of Clough)3.0 ConclusionThis study has looked at a case study to showhow a design life of 50 years for steel marinestructures in a severe marine environmentin terms of corrosion can be achieved. Thestudy has shown that, corrosion affectingthe durability of marine structures is rather acomplex phenomenon and there is no singleapproach to the corrosion prevention ofmarine structures. An effective approach tocorrosion prevention is a combination of thefollowing:1. Understanding of mechanism of corrosionand corrosion issues;2. In the case of carbon steel marinestructures:n good detailing;n offsite fabrication with good qualitycontrol; andn application of an appropriate coatingsystem that forms an impregnating typebarrier against the passage of seawater tothe surface of the carbon steel structure.The common factor in all the above is the“prevent the formation of corrosion cellprinciple” which relies on the designer havingan understanding and awareness of themechanism of corrosion and corrosion cellformation. The designer must consider the“prevent the formation of corrosion cellThe following are some examples of structuraldetails based on idea of “eliminate thecorrosion cells principle”:Example 1The design was such that the top of the pile asshown in Figure 10 was sloped, hence the seawater would have been pooled and corrosioncell. The detail was modified by welding anFigure 12. Typical detail of prevention of ponding and corrosion cell (Image courtesy of Woodside)25

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012TECHNICALARTICLEprinciple” while formulating carbon steeldesign details for marine structures.The study has also concluded that:n Understanding of the mechanisms ofcorrosion and corrosion issues relatingto design detailing is the first and mostimportant step in corrosion control;n The occurrence of corrosion in marinestructures is as simple as:A +B =CWhere:A: Aggressive Marine Environment;B: Bad Design/detailing; andC: Concentrated CorrosionAcknowledgementThis work is part of my post graduate diplomaobtained in 2011 in Corrosion ControlEngineering from Manchester University.5.0 References1. BS 6349 – part 1, Maritime structures, Codeof practice for general criteria; 2000;2. AS 4997 -Guidelines for the design of MarineStructures;3. “Accelerated Low Water Corrosion (ALWA)”Report of Working Group 44 of the MaritimeNavigation Commission” PIANC, 2005;4. Ryan Tinnea and Bruce Ostbo, “Evaluating theCorrosion Protection of a Nuclear SubmarineDrydock”, Paper No. 08224, NACE Corrosion2008;5. Denny A Jones, “Principles and Preventionof Corrosion” 2nd Edition, 1996, pages 168-235);6. “Bridge structure failure due to acceleratedlow water corrosion (ALWC of piles”, NorthernTerritory Department of Transport and WorksReport, dated 13/9/1998, (extracted frompaper feature from Alocit Systems);7. “Norsok Standard Material Selection M-001”August 2004;8. “Design of FMG Jetties 1 and 2”, PortHedland,WA, 2007;9. Environment Protection Department (EPD),“Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS)”,2001;10. Design of Pluto LNG Jetty, Dampier, WA,2007;11.“4th International Modular Construction& Pre-Assembled Fabrications Conference”,Perth, 16–18 November 2010;2612. Alistair G.F.Gibb, “Offsite fabrication:prefabrication, pre –assembly andmodularization”, 1999;13. Hong Kong Port Works Manual Volume 1,2004;14. Jack.G. Davis, G. L. Doremus and F. WayneGraham, “Cathodic Protection Service ,TheInfluence of Environment Condition on TheDesign of Cathodic Protection Systems ForMarine Structure”, Offshore TechnologyConference, 19-21 April , Houston, Texas,1971;15. S C Dexter, “Marine and Natural Waters:Corrosion”, Encyclopedia of Materials, Scienceand Technology, 2001 Elsevier Ltd, Pages 5172-5174;16. R E Melchers “Effect of Temperature on theMarine Immersion Corrosion of Carbon Steels”,Corrosion – September 2002;17. David Shifler, “Factors that InfluenceCorrosion of Materials and how modelling maypredict these effects”, Tri-Service CorrosionConference, 2005, pages 1 – 15;18. F L LaQue, “Behavior of Metals and Alloys inSea Water” Corrosion Handbook, ed H H Uhlig,1948, page 391;19. R E Melchers & R Jeffrey, “Influence ofWater Velocity on marine Immersion Corrosionof Mild Steel”, Corrosion, January 2004;20. Zaki Ahmad, “Principles of CorrosionEngineering and Corrosion Control”, Chapter4 – Types of Corrosion: Materials andEnvironments, 2006;21.Göran Camitz,“Corrosion and protectionof steel piles and sheet piles in soil and water”,Excerpt and translation of Report 93, SwedishCommission on Pile Research;22.K L Money, “Corrosion Testing in theAtmosphere” Metals Handbook, 9th ed, volume13, 1987, PP 204-206;23. K Stevens and K D Efird, “CorrosionProtection for bolting in Marine Environments”,paper no. 03252, Corrosion 2003 (NACEInternational );24. RT Vashi & HK Kadiya, “ Corrosion Study ofMetals in Marine Environment in E Journal ofChemistry 2009, 6(4), 1240 -1246;25. S G Fishman and C R Crowe, “the applicationof potentiostatic polarization techniques tocorrosion under thin condensed moisturelayers”, Corrosion Science, 1977, volume 17,Page 27;26. S Syed,“Atmospheric Corrosion ofMaterials”, Emirates Journal for EngineeringResearch, 11(1), 1-24 (2006);27. BS EN ISO 12944-3 BS EN ISO 12944-3,“Paints and varnishes. Corrosion protection ofsteel structures by protective paint systems.Design considerations”, 1998;28. B Gorenc, R. Tinyou and A. Syam, “SteelDesigners’ Handbook” , 6th Edition, 1996;29. Stuart Lyon, “Low water corrosion control”Materials World Magazine”, 8 Oct 2010;30. “Management of Accelerated Low WaterCorrosion in Steel Maritime Structures”, CIRIAC634, London 2005;31. Robert Jeffrey and Robert E Melchers“Corrosion profiles of mild steel in varyingtidal seawaters” Conference Proceedings,Wellington, New Zealand 16-19 November,2008;32.Z M Muntasser, “Coatings PerformanceUnder Marine Environment”, Paper no. 02215,Corrosion 2002;33. C Giudice and B Amo, Corrosion Preventionand Control, April (1996) P43 – P47;34. Robert Jeffrey and Robert E Melchers“Evidence for microbiological influencedlonger-term corrosion in tidal and coastalatmospheric corrosion of steel elements”Conference Proceedings, Wellington, NewZealand 16-19 November, 2008;35. LY Young and R Mitchell, “the role of microorganismsin marine fouling”, InternationalBio¬deterioration Bulletin 9 (1973), page105-109;36. T Ford and R Mitchell, “The Ecology ofMicrobial Corrosion” Advances in MicrobialEcology, Volume 11, KC Marshall Eds, PlenumPress, New York and London, 1990, page 231;37. Carol Powell and Dr Harold Michels, “Reviewof Splash Zone Corrosion and Biofoulingof C70600 Sheathed Steel During 20 yearsexposure” CDA Inc 1984;38. Robert Melchers, “Advances inMathematical-Probabilistic Modelling of theatmospheric corrosion of structural steels inocean environments”, 3rd International ASRA Net Colloquium, Glasgow, UK, 10-12th July2006;39. “Paint coating breakdown factors, Section6.4”-DNV RP B401;40. BHP Billion, “Harbour Facilities MarineWorks Project Specification” Doc. No. SPEC-112-S¬00001, Pages 14 & 51, 2010;41. A corrosion Protection Guide for steelbearing piles in temperate climates, Corus,2005;

RECRUITMENTNEWSThe Hempel Group is a world recognised producer ofprotective coatings within the Decorative, Protective, Marine,Container and Yacht segments. We offers advanced productsand technologies to help customers reduce both fuelconsumption and emissions.We are currently looking for:English native speaker to write technical PR articles for technical magazinesand our company newsletter.Competences:l English native speaker or a person with excellent Englishl Capability to write good PR articlesl Technically-minded personl Experience in PR and/or newswriting is an advantagel Flexibility – irregular work depending on Hempel’s needs (in general there is a spring and autumn newsletter + sporadic PR articlesthroughout the year).What we offer:l Long-term collaborationl Working from homeIf you are interested please send your CV and a cover letter by email to Sylva Pešková (sype@hempel.com).By sending your CV and the cover letter to Hempel (Czech Republic) s.r.o. you consent to processing and archiving of all your personal data in the database of job applicants in compliance with the Decision of the EC from 15 June 2001 and Act No.101/2000 Coll. You provide this data to the company Hempel (Czech Republic) s.r.o. for the purpose of the recruitment process, for its whole duration but at maximum for 1 year after send date. You will be entitled at any time to request the companyHempel (Czech Republic) s.r.o. to delete or correct personal data.Densostrip is Launched – April 2012Specialist anti-corrosion and sealing productsmanufacturer Winn & Coales (Denso) Ltd announcethat in April 2012 they are launching a new flexiblerubber bitumen sealing strip system for jointingprecast concrete units. The system comprises botha sealing strip and primer called Densostrip andDensostrip Primer respectively.The Densostrip system is designed for sealingthe joints between precast concrete inspectionchamber rings and box culvert sections and carriesall of the relevant approvals. When used for sealingprecast concrete rings in manholes and inspectionchambers, the product fully complies with BS EN1917:2002.Densostrip works by becoming deformed in the jointunder compression to form a seal which preventsfluids leaking out from within as well as leaking infrom outside. The seal remains flexible throughoutits life, allowing for ground movement, subsidence,etc.Densostrip should be available from all of thenormal trade outlets from April onwards.For further information contact: Winn & Coales (Denso) Ltd., Chapel Road, London SE27 0TRTel: 0208 6707511. Fax: 0208 7612456 e-mail: mail@denso.net. Web: www.denso.netCOMPANYNEWS27

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012TECHNICALARTICLECOMPANYNEWSWind Turbine Foundations Get Denso ProtectionMacalloy of Dinnington, Sheffieldis recognised as a leadingspecialist in post tensioning barsystems. This experience hasled to its pre-stressed steel barsbeing exported for world-wideuse in concrete foundations foronshore wind turbines.In order to protect the prestressedbars from corrosionafter they are embeddedwithin the concrete foundation,Macalloy apply Winn & CoalesDenso Tape followed by DensoPVC Outerwrap.It is significant that bothMacalloy and Winn & Coales(Denso) Ltd were recognised fortheir world-wide export sales in2010 by the Queen’s Award forEnterprise: International Trade.Denso Tape is a non-wovensynthetic fibre fabric impregnatedand coated with an adhesivecompound based on petrolatum.For further information contact: For further information contact: Winn & Coales (Denso) Ltd., Chapel Road, London SE27 0TRTel: 0208 6707511. Fax: 0208 7612456 e-mail: mail@denso.net. Web: www.denso.netCelebrating 30 Years of Premier Coatings LtdPremier Coatings Premseal membrane provides waterproofing for YorkshireWater’s reservoir roof at Northallerton.Macalloy’s pre-stressed steel bars protected with Denso Tape are central to windturbine concrete foundations.Premier Coatings Ltd aredelighted to announce thatthey are celebrating 30 years ofbusiness in 2012.Founded in 1982, the companyspecialises in the manufactureand supply of a wide range of costeffective, corrosion preventionand waterproofing systems tothe utilities, civil engineering andconstruction industries.Based just outside Headcorn inKent, the company’s productsare manufactured to meetthe requirements of National& International Standardsand Commercial Specificationsand have gained a well earnedreputation for consistent highquality.In 1997 Premier Coatings Ltdwas acquired by anti-corrosionand sealing specialist Winn& Coales International Ltd,who realised the advantage ofbeing able to offer an alternativerange of products for their globalmarkets.The resulting increase in thedemand for these products hasprompted the establishmentof many regional offices andrecruitment of agents across theworld, dedicated to the supply ofPremier Coatings products alongwith any associated technicaladvice that may be required.A history of manufacturing andsupplying, effective, affordablecorrosion prevention, sealing andwaterproofing solutions hasresulted in a long list of satisfiedcustomers - a successful formulathat has worked exceptionallywell for the company over thepast 30 years and will continueto do so in the future.For further information contact: For further information contact: Winn & Coales (Denso) Ltd., Chapel Road, London SE27 0TRTel: 0208 6707511. Fax: 0208 7612456 e-mail: mail@denso.net. Web: www.denso.net28

CATHODIC PROTECTIONCONSULTANCY SERVICESBEASYAshurst Lodge, Ashurst,Southampton, Hants, SO40 7AATel. 02380 293223 Fax: 02380 292853e: t.froome@beasy.com www.beasy.comCORROSION CONTROL3 Ivy Court, Acton Trussell, Staffordshire ST17 0SNTel: 01785 711560 Fax: 01785 711561Email: brianwyatt@controlcorrosion.co.ukwww.controlcorrosion.co.ukCumberland Cathodic Protection LtdGO2 & GO3 The Bridgewater Complex, Canal Street,Bootle L20 8AHTel: 0151 5500015 Fax: 0151 5500016SUSTAININGMEMBERScathelcoMarine House, Dunston Road,Chesterfield S41 8NYTel: +44 (0) 1246 457900 Fax: +44 (0) 1246 457901Email: sales@cathelco.com www.cathelco.comCORROCELL LIMITED17 South Meade, Maghull, Liverpool L31 8EGTel: 0151 249 8461 Fax: 087087 92585Email: dp@corrocell.co.ukSPECIALISTS IN CATHODIC PROTECTIONInnovation House, Euston Way,Town Centre, Telford TF3 4LTTel: 01952 230900 Fax: 01952 230906www.corrosioncontrolservices.co.ukReader Enquiry: CM022PRO-TECH CP LTD76A Gardner Road, Formby, Merseyside L37 8DQTel: 07717 487632 Fax: 01704 380194Email: pmsmith@protechcp.comwww.protechcp.comCATHODIC PROTECTIONAND MONITORINGAMERICAN INNOVATIONS12211 Technologu Boulevard,Austin, Texas 78727, USATel: 5122493400 Fax: 5122793744Website: www.aiworldwide.comReader Enquiry: CM0103C Corrosion Control CompanyBox 72, Billberga, Sweden 268 03Tel: +46 418 411 900Email: ino@3ccc.seWebsite: www.3ccc.seCORRPRO COMPANIES EUROPE LTDCorrosion Engineering, Cathodic Protection,Corrosion MonitoringCathodic Protection House, 4 Mill Court,The Sawmills, Durley, Southampton SO32 2EJTel: +44 (0) 1489 861980 Fax: +44 (0) 1489 861981Email: ccel@corrpro.co.ukReader Enquiry: CM056CATHODIC PROTECTION CO LIMITED55 YEARS OF EXCELLENCE’• Transformer Rectifiers, CP Materials & Design• “ELGARD” MMO Mesh anode licensed supplier,• “CUPRION” Marine Anti Fouling“THE ONE STOP CP SHOP”Venture Way, Grantham, Lincolnshire NG31 7XSTel: +44 (0) 1476 590666 Fax: +44 (0) 1476 570605Email: cpc@cathodic.co.uk www.cathodic.co.uk29

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012CATHODIC PROTECTIONAND MONITORINGImpalloy LtdBloxwich, Walsall, West Midlands, WS3 2XNTel: 01922 714400 Fax: 01922 714411Email: sales@impalloy.com www.impalloy.comMatcor301 Airport Boullevard, Doylestown, Pennsylvania18902 USATel: 800 523 6692 Fax: 215 348 2699Email: matcorsales@matcor.com Website: www.matcor.comMCPS LIMITED102/2a Throckley Way, Middlefields Industrial Estate,South Shields, Tyne & Wear NE34 0NUTel: +44 (0) 0191 456 0466 Fax: +44 (0) 0191 454 1066Email: sales@mcpsltd.co.uk www.mcpsltd.co.uk...trust the nameLiquid anode technologyZinc, Aluminium andMagnesium Anodes• Specialists in cathodicprotection scheme designand consultancy• Propeller shaft earthingand monitoring systemsTel: +44 (0)1243 533336 Fax: +44 (0)1243 533422sales@mgduff.co.uk www.mgduff.co.ukMME GROUPMateriaal Metingen Europe B.V, Rietdekkerstraat 16,PO Box 4222, 2980 GE Ridderkerk, The NetherlandsTel: +31 (0) 180 482 828 Fax: +31 (0) 180 462 240e: info@mme-group.com www.mme-group.comSUSTAININGMEMBERSPIPELINE MAINTENANCE LTDTRANSFORMERS, RECTIFIERS,MATERIALS, C.P. SYSTEMS11 & 12 Merlin Park, Mildenhall, Suffolk IP28 7RDTel: 01638 711955 Fax: 01638 711953Email: sales@pipelinemaintenance.co.ukwww.pipelinemaintenance.co.ukR & R Corrosion Ltd.5 Broomiesburn Road,Broomiesburn Industrial Estate, Ellon, Aberdeenshire AB41 9RDTel: 01358 729644 Fax: 01358 729655Email: info@rrcorrosion.comReader Enquiry: CM102www.rrcorrosion.comRECTIFIER TECHNOLOGIES (UK) LTDSturmer Road, Haverhill, Suffolk, UK, CB9 7UUTel: +44 (0)1440 706777 Fax: +44 (0)1440 762810e: sales@rectifiertechnologies.co.ukwww.rectifiertechnologies.co.ukREMCO SYSTEMS LTDUnit 7 Great Barr Business Park, Baltimore Road,Great Barr, Birmingham B42 1DYTel: 0121 358 0007 Fax: 0121 358 8128Email: phil@remcosystems.co.uk www.remcosystems.co.ukSILVION LIMITEDThe Brambles, Grantham Road, Old Somerby,Grantham, Lincs, NG33 4AB, UKTel: 01476 590932 Mob: 07872 857310Email: sales@silvion.co.uk; rbritton@silvion.co.uk Web: www.silvion.co.ukM P Ryan LtdGravel Walk House, Clonmel,Co. Tipperary, IrelandTel: +353 52 6123487email admin@mpr.ieWebsite: www.corrosion.ieNorth East Corrosion Engineers LtdWest Pitmillan Business Centre Foveran,Ellon, AberdeenshireTel: +44 (0) 1358 788116 Fax: +44 (0) 1358 789828e: sales@neceltd.com www.neceltd.comPENSPEN & GreyStarCORROSION ENGINEERING AND CATHODICPROTECTION FIELD SERVICESContact: David Eyre 0208 334 2700email d.eyre@penspen.comor Kevin Woodland 01606 833 805email k.woodland@greystaruk.comTELEDYNE CORMON26-28 Decoy Road, Worthing West Sussex BN14 8NDTel: 01903 703603 Fax: 01903 854854www.cormon.comVolkerLaser LtdReader Enquiry: CM008223 London Road, Worcester WR5 2JGTel: 0844 800 4560 Fax: 01905 352060Email: enquiries@volkerlaser.co.uk Website: www.volkerlaser.co.uk30

SUSTAININGMEMBERSCOATING APPLICATORSALFRED BAGNALL & SON LTD6 Manor Lane, Shipley, W.Yorks BD18 3RDTel: 01274 714800 Fax: 01274 530171Email: info@bagnalls.co.ukWebsite: www.bagnalls.co.ukALLTASK LTDAlltask House, Commissioners Road,Medway City Estate, Strood, Rochester Kent ME2 4EJTel: 01634 298000 Fax: 01634 298001Website: www.alltask.co.ukAPB CONSTRUCTION (UK) LTDUnit 3 Bramley Way, Hellaby Industrial EstateHellaby, Rotherham South Yorkshire S66 8QBTel: 01709 541000 Fax: 01709 541411Email: gary.bentham@apbcon.co.ukAPB Group LIMITEDRyandra House, Ryandra Business Park,Brookhouse Way, Cheadle, Stoke on Trent ST10 1SRTel: 01538 755377 Fax: 01538 755010COASTAL PRESERVATION SERVICES LTDOld Hambledon Racecourse, Wallops WoodSheardley Lane, Droxford, Hampshire SO32 3QYTel: 01489 878845 Fax: 01489 878846Email: coastal.preservation@btinternet.comwww.coastalpreservation.comCORROCOATCORROSIONEERING• Specialists in anti-corrosion engineering andcorrosion protection• Fast, efficient and economical solutions tocorrosion-related problems• Combining engineering skills and coatingexcellence for long term solutions• Repair and refurbishment for components frompumps, pipes and valves through to tanks and vessels• On-site teams and workshop-based facilitiesTel: 0113 276 0760 Fax: 0113 276 0700Email: info@corrocoat.comwww.corrocoat.comDRH Coatings LtdSuite 5, 3 Shawcross Industrial Estate,Hilsea, Portsmouth, PO3 5JPTel: 0239 2666165Email: garydeeks@drhcoatings.co.ukDYER & BUTLER LTDReader Enquiry: CM015Mead House, Station Road, Nursling, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 0AHTel: 02380 742222 Fax: 02380 742200Email: enquiries@dyerandbutler.co.ukWebsite: www.dyerandbutler.co.ukCOATING APPLICATORSF A CLOVER & SON LTDINDUSTRIAL PAINTING CONTRACTORS SINCE 1917Tel: 020 89486321 Fax: 020 89487307Email: ian@cloverpainting.comFAIRHURST WARD ABBOTS LTD225 London Road, Greemhithe, Kent DA9 9RRTel: +44 (0)1322 387 000 Fax: +44 (0)1322 370235Email: works@fwadart.co.uk Website: fwagroup.co.ukGABRE (UK) LTD9 Holme Road, Curraghmulkin, Dromore,Tyrone BT78 3BXTel: 02882897950 Fax: 02882898303Email: info@galcosteel.ieGEMINI CORROSION SERVICES LTDBrent Avenue, Forties Road, Montrose, Angus, DD10 9PBTel: 01674 672 678 Fax: 01674 672 1111GPL Special Projects LtdPO Box 516, Salford, M5 0BJTel: 0161 745 7888 Email: ben@gplcivils.co.uk• Blasting NHSS19A Link Up - Proof CHAS ISO 9001 & ISO 14001• Scaffolding Constructionlineand encapsulation• ISO9001 and NHSS19A accreditedBlasting & ProtectiveCoatings Division• ISO14001 accreditedBlasting & Protective• Award winning safety and training Coatings Division standards• National NHSS19Acoverage Link Up - Proof CHAS ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 Constructionline0870 789 2020 www.hankinson.co.ukAlexander House, Monks Ferry, B/head, Wirral CH41 5LH0870 789 2020 www.hankinson.co.ukAlexander House, Monks Ferry, B/head, Wirral CH41 5LHHERRINGTON INDUSTRIAL SERVICES LTDGRITBLASTING, METAL SPRAYING & APPLICATIONS OF SPECIALISED COATINGSCrown Works, Crown Road, Low Southwick,Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, SR5 2BSt: 0191 516 0634 f: 0191 548 1553e: herringtonltd@gmail.com Website: www.herringtonltd.co.uk31

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012SUSTAININGMEMBERSCOATING APPLICATORSIMPACTINDUSTRIAL SUPPORT SERVICES LTDSpecialists in Abrasive Blast Cleaning, UHP Water Blasting,Coating Application, Hydro Demolition, Project ManagementBuilding S146, South Yard, HMNB Devonport, Plymouth, PL2 2BGTel: 01752 552515 Fax: 01752 554607Mobile: 07979 516427H & H PAINTING CONTRACTORS LTD4 Hamilton Gardens, Mutley,Plymouth, PL4 6PQTel/Fax: 07837 382619INDUSTRIAL COATING SERVICES5 Danesbury Crescent, Kingstanding, Birmingham, B44 0QPTel: 0121 384 2266 Fax: 0121 384 8221Email: enquiries@industrialcoatingservices.co.ukwww.industrialcoatingservices.co.ukJPV LTDOver 30 years experience of Preparation & CoatingAbrasive Blasting, Specialist Coating Applications,High Pressure Water Jettingt: 01277 201515 f: 01277 201616 e: paul.jpv@btopenworld.comKUE Group LimitedBirksland Street, Bradford BD3 9SUTel: +44 (0)1274 721188 Fax: +44 (0)1274 720088Website: www.kuegroup.comMABEY bridge LIMITEDStation Road, Chepstow, Monmouthshire NP16 5YLTel: +44 (0)1291 623801 Fax: +44 (0)1291 625453Email: mail@mabeybridge.co.ukMark Smith Inspection Services Ltd14 Seaham Close, South Shields,Tyne & Wear NE34 7ERTel: 07760175446Email: mark@marksmithinspectionservices.comCOATING APPLICATORSNUSTEEL STRUCTURESOPUS INDUSTRIAL SERVICES LIMITEDEthan House, Royce Avenue,Cowpen Lane Industrial Estate, Billingham TS23 4BXTel: 01642 371850 Fax: 01642 562971Website: www.opus-services.comORRMAC COATINGS LTDNewton Chambers Road, Thorncliffe Park Estate, ChapeltownSheffield S35 2PHTel: 0114 2461237 Fax: 0114 2570151Email: orrmac@aol.com Website: www.orrmac.co.ukPipeline Induction Heat LtdThe Pipeline CentreFarrington Road, Rossendale Road Industrial EstateBurnley, Lancs BB11 5SWTel: 01282 415323 Fax: 01282 415326Email: Sales@pih.co.uk www.pih.co.ukPIPERCREST LTDLymane, Hythe, Kent CT21 4LREmail: simon.slinn@nusteelstructures.comWebsite: www.nusteelstructures.comT/A Halls Specialised ServicesBrooklyn Farm, North Hill, Norden on the Hill, Essex SS17 8QATel: 01375 361408 Fax: 01375 361448Email: halls@btconnect.comPORT PAINTERS LTDUnit 3, Ringside Business Park, Heol-Y-Rhosog, Cardiff CF3 2EWTel: 029 2077 7070 Fax: 029 2036 3023Email: port.painters@talk21.comRandell industrial services ltd75 Studley Avenue, Holbury, Southampton SO45 2PPTel: 023 8089 2749Email: info@randellindustrial.com www.randellindustrial.comMCL COATINGS LTDPickerings Road, Halebank Industrial EstateWidnes, Cheshire WA8 8XWTel: 0151 423 6166 Fax: 0151 495 1437Email: info@mcl.eu.comWebsite: www.mcl.eu.comMPM North West LtdMarine Road, Maryport, Cumbria CA15 8AYTel: 01900 810299Email: mikej@mpmnw.co.ukWebsite: www.mpmarine.co.ukNORTHERN PROTECTIVE COATINGS LTD16 High Reach, Fairfield Industrial Estate, Bill Quay, Gateshead,Tyne & Wear NE10 0UR Tel: 0191 438 5555Fax: 0191 438 3082 Email: jack.welsh@npcoatings.co.ukWebsite: www.npcoatings.co.ukROWECORD ENGINEERING LTDReader Enquiry: CM135Neptune Works, Usk Way, Newport, South Wales NP20 2SSTel: 01633 250511 Fax: 01633 253219Email: enquiries@rowecord.com32

SUSTAININGMEMBERSCOATING APPLICATORSSHUTDOWN MAINTENANCE SERVICES LIMITEDTel: 01634 256969 Fax: 01634 256616Email: smsltd@btconnect.comWebsite: www.shutdownmaintenanceservices.co.ukSPECIALIST BLASTING SERVICE LTDSmith Quay, Hazel Road,Southampton, Hampshire SO19 7GBTel: 023 8044 4455COATING APPLICATORSTees valley coatings limitedUnit 26, Dawson Wharf, Riverside Park Road, Middlesbrough TS2 1UTTel: 01642 228141Email: sales@teesvalleycoatings.comWebsite: www.teesvalleycoatings.comwalker construction (uk) limitedPark Farm Road, Folkestone, Kent CT19 5DYTel: 01303 851111 Fax: 01303 259439Email: admin@walker-construction.co.uk• Grit Blasting/Shot Blasting• Protective Coatings• Full In-House Facility• Water Jetting Services• Dry Ice Blast Cleaning• Car Park Refurbishment• ICATS trained• Nationwide Service• Full Accreditation: ISO9001 / Linkup / UVDB/ NHSS19awedge group galvanizing ltdStafford Street, Willenhall, West Midlands WV13 1RZTel: 0845 271 6082Email: info@wedge-galv.co.ukWebsite: www.wedge-galv.co.ukW G BEAUMONT & SON LTDBeaumont House, 8 Bernard Road, Romford, RM7 0HXTel: 01708 749202 Fax: 020 85909885Email: tom.costello@wgbeaumont.co.ukReader Enquiry: CM138Tel: 01675 464446 fax: 01675 464447Email: enquiries@supablast.co.ukSTANDISH METAL TREATMENT LTDPotter Place, West Pimbo, SkelmersdaleLancs, WN8 9PWTel: 01695 455977 Fax: 01695 728835Email: stuart.croft@standishmetal.co.ukSurface technik (old hill) limitedSovereign Works, Deepdale Lane, Lower Gornal,Dudley DY3 2AFTel: 01384 457610 Fax: 01384 238563Email: peter.morris@surfacetechnik.co.ukWebsite: www.surfacetechnik.co.ukReader Enquiry: CM013WILLIAM HARE LTDBrandlesholme House, Brandlesholme Road, Bury BL8 1JJTel: 0161 609 0000 Fax: 0161 609 0468e: jeff.grundy@hare.co.uk www.williamhare.co.ukCONSULTANTS TESTINGAND INSPECTIONATKINS LTDWoodcote Grove, Ashley Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5BWTel: 01372 726140 Fax: 01372 740055Email: iain.wesley@atkinsglobal.comCANHareness Road, Altens, Aberdeen, AB12 3LETel: 01224 870100 Fax: 01224 870101Email: info@cangroup.netWebsite: www.cangroup.netCORROSION MANAGEMENT LTDEngineering Consultants21 Sedlescombe Park, Rugby, CV22 6HL United KingdomTel: 01788 816231Email: cox@corr-man.demon.co.ukDNVCromarty House, 67-72 Regent Quay, Aberdeen AB11 5ARTel: 01224 335000 Fax: 01224 593311Email: yee.chin.tang@dnv.com Website: www.dnv.comErimus technicalErimus Technical Limited, the Study @ 62 Cirrus Drive,Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire, RG2 9FLwww.erimustech.com33

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012SUSTAININGMEMBERSCONSULTANTS TESTINGAND INSPECTIONHalcrow group ltdAsset Management and EngineeringLyndon House, 62 Hagley Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B16 8PETel: 0121 456 0644 Fax: 0121 456 1569Email: segersp@halcrow.com www.halcrow.co.ukINDEPENDENT PROTECTIVE COATINGS SERVICES LTDIPCS House, 32 Daryngton Avenue, Birchington,Kent, CT7 9PSTel: 01843 845472 å Fax: 01843 847722MOTT MACDONALDMaterials & Corrosion EngineeringSpring Bank House, 33 Stamford StreetAltrincham, Cheshire WA14 1ESTel: 0161 926 4000 Fax: 0161 926 4103Email: paul.lambert@mottmac.com www.mottmac.comPaint Inspection LimitedTrafalgar House, 223 Southampton Road,Portchester, Hampshire, PO6 4PYTel: 02393 233147 Email: ian@paint-inspection.co.ukwww.paint-inspection.co.ukSCALED SOLUTIONS LTDINDEPENDENT LABORATORY SERVICESTel: 01506 439994Email: enquiries@scaledsolutions.co.ukwww.scaledsolutions.co.ukTopline limited40 Birabi Street, GRA Phase 1,Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NigeriaTel: 084 46238Email: info@toplinelimited.net Website: www.toplinelimited.netWood Group Integrity ManagementENVIRONMENT AGENCYThames Barrier Operational Area, Eastmoor Street,Charlton, London SE7 8LXTel: 0208 3054146 Fax: 0208 8547546FORTH ESTUARY TRANSPORT AUTHORITYSSE LtdCompass Point, 79-87 Kingston Road,Staines, Middlesex, TW18 1DTTel: 01708 417225 Fax: 01784 417283SPECIFIERSForth Estuary Transport AuthorityForth Road BridgeAdministration Office,South Queensferry, EH30 9SFTel: 0131 319 1699 Fax: 0131 319 1903Email: customer.care@forthroadbridge.orgGrampian House, 200 Dunkeld Road, Perth PH1 3GHTel: 01738 456000 Fax: 01738 456647SUPPLIERS COATINGSReader Enquiry: CM014Sonomatic LtdUnit 1 Energy Development Centre, Claymore Drive,Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, AB23 8GDTel: 01224 823 960 Fax: 01224 823 871Email: info@vsonomatic.comWebsite: www.sonomatic.comNATIONAL OILWELL VARCO Pte Ltd161 Pioneer Road, Singapore, 639604Tel: (65) 62643400Fax: (65) 6262 1853Brewers Protective CoatingsReform Rd, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 8DATel : 01628 784964 Fax : 01628 672578E-mail : info@brewersprotectivecoatings.co.ukwww.brewersprotectivecoatings.co.ukCARBOLINEOffshore and Onshore protection, Waste water treatment plants,Specialist pipeline treatments, Environmentally friendly productsTel: 07712 768411 Fax: 01475 529893www.carboline-europe.comSTEEL PROTECTION CONSULTANCY LTDPO Box 6386, Leighton Buzzard, Beds. LU7 6BXTel: 01525 852500 Fax: 01525 852502Email: david.deacon@steel-protection.co.ukWebsite: www.steel-protection.co.ukCHEMCO INTERNATIONAL LTD.Innovative rust & wet-tolerant, Solvent-free CoatingsEast Shawhead Industrial Estate, Coatbridge, Scotland, UKTel: 01236 606060 Fax: 01236 606070Email: sales@chemcoint.com www.chemcoint.com34

SUPPLIERS COATINGSCORROCOATCORROSIONEERING• Extensive range of high technology coatingsystems and composites• Specific range of coating systems• Focus on R&D and technical support• Low VOC levels with little or no solvent contentfor reduced atmospheric pollution• Effective single coat solutions available• Increasingly specified as the industry standardTel: 0113 276 0760 Fax: 0113 276 0700Email: info@corrocoat.comwww.corrocoat.comReader Enquiry: CM015COUNTER CORROSION LTDFormulators and Applicators of Customised ProtectiveCoating and Lining Systems for Steel and ConcreteTel: 01924 468559/380002 Fax: 01924 458019SUSTAININGMEMBERSJOTUN PAINTS (EUROPE) LTD.Stather Road, Flixborough, Scunthorpe, NorthLincolnshire DN15 8RRTel: 01724 400 125 Fax: 01724 400 100Email: decpaints@jotun.co.ukwww.jotun.co.ukLEIGHS PAINTSNow a part of theSherwin-Williams CompanyTower Works, Kestor Street, Bolton BL2 2ALTel: 01204 521771 Fax: 01204 382115www.leighspaints.comPPG PROTECTIVE & MARINE COATINGSUnit 3 Maises Way, The Village, Carter Lane,South Normanton, Derbyshire DE55 2DSTel: : +44 (0) 1773 814520Fax: +44 (0) 1773 814521Web: www.ppgpmc.comBS EN ISO 9001:2008Leaders in Corrosion Prevention &Sealing TechnologySpencer Coatings LtdFroghall Terrace, Aberdeen, AB24 3JNTel: 01224 788400Fax: 01224 648116Website: www.spencercoatings.co.ukReader Enquiry: CM016Long-term Solutions for Corrosion ControlWinn & Coales (Denso) LtdDenso House, Chapel Road, London SE27 OTR Tel: 0208 670 7511Fax: 0208 761 2456 Email: mail@denso.net Web: www.denso.netA Member of Winn & Coales InternationalEstablished in 1883 - Over 125 Years Service to IndustryHEMPEL PAINTS LTDLlantarnam Industrial ParkCWMBRANGwent NP44 3XFTel: 01633 874024 Fax: 01633 489012Email: sales@hempel.co.uk www.hempel.comINTERNATIONAL PAINT LIMITEDStoneygate Lane, Felling, Gateshead,Tyne & Wear NE10 0JYTel: 0191 469 6111 Fax: 0191 496 0676Email: simon.daly@internationalpaint.comWebsite: www.international-pc.comSPECIALTY POLYMER COATINGS INC64 Tudor AvenueWorcester ParkSurrey KT4 8TXTel: 020 8337 4953 Fax: 020 8337 4953Website: www.spc-net.comStork technical services (RGB Ltd)Norfolk House, Pitmedden Road,Dyce, Aberdeen AB21 0EWTel: 01224 722888 Fax: 01224 723406Email: Fraser.coull@rgb.com Website: www.rgbltd.comTinsley special coatingsEnterprise House, Durham Lane,Eaglescliffe TS16 0PSTel: 01642 784279 Fax: 01642 782891Email: enquiries@tinsleyspecialproducts.comtorishima service solutionsSunnyside Works, Gartsherrie Road, Coatbridge ML5 2DJTel: 01236 442391Fax: 01236 702875Website: www.torishima.eu35

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012SUSTAININGMEMBERSSUPPLIERS GENERALDOORNBOS EQUIPMENTTel: 01642 673391 Fax: 01642 673210Email: sales@doornbosequipment.co.ukWebsite: www.doornbosequipment.co.ukFERNOXMAKES WATER WORKCookson Electronics, Forsyth Rd, Woking, Surrey GU21 5RZTel: 01483 793200 Fax: 01483 793201 www.fernox.comFM conway ltdConway House, Rochester Way,Dartford, Kent DA1 3QYTel: 0208 6368822 Fax: 0208 6368827Email: sharon.howlett@fmconway.co.ukGMA GARNET (EUROPE) GMBHPO Box 9, Middlewich, Cheshire, CW10 9FDTel: 01606 836233 Fax: 01606 836610www.gmagarnet.co.ukSTORK TECHNICAL SERVICES UK LTD1 Minto Place, Altens Industrial Estate, Aberdeen, AB12 3SNTel: 01224 898282 Fax: 01224 898202Email: info@stork.comwww.storktechnicalservices.comRECIPROCALORGANISATIONSELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDThe Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington,Oxford OX5 1GDTel: 01865 843000 Fax: 01865 843010INSTITUTE OF METAL FINISHINGExeter House, 48 Holloway Head, Birmingham B1 1NQTel: 0121 6227387 Fax: 0121 6666316Email: exeterhouse@instituteofmetalfinishing.orgwww.uk-finishing.org.ukMPI GroupPeel House, Upper South View,Farnham, Surrey GU9 7JNTel: 01252 732220 Fax: 01252 732221www.protectivecoatingseurope.comIntertek Commercial Microbiology LTDTel: 01224 706062 Fax: 01224 706012Email: cmlenquiries@intertek.comWebsite: www.intertek.comQUALITY CONTROLJETCHEM SYSTEMS LIMITEDCuba Industrial Estate, Stubbins, Ramsbottom,Lancashire BL0 0NE Tel: 01706 828 888 Fax: 01706 828 000Email: sales@jetchem.com Website: www.jetchem.comMETACORExternal Corrosion Management Ltd, Suites 5 & 6,221-229 Union Street, Aberdeen AB10 6BQTel: 00 44 1224 621915 (ext119) Fax: 00 44 1224 621215www.metacor.co.kRolled Alloys LtdPark Works, Newton Heath,Manchester M40 2BATel: 0161 9544213 Fax: 0161 2054739SCANGRITEastfield Road, South Killingholme, Immingholme,Immingham, North Lincs DN40 3NFTel: 01469 574715 Fax: 01469 571644Email: sales@scangrit.co.uk Website: www.scangrit.co.ukTRAINING ANDCOATING INSPECTORSARGYLL-RUANE LTD.Meadowbank Rd, Rotherham, South Yorkshire S61 2NF UKTel: +44 (0)1709 560459 Fax: +44 (0)1709 557705E-mail: enquiries@ruanetpo.comWebsite: www.argyllruanne.com36

ICATSREGISTEREDCOMPANIESICATS Registered CompaniesICATS REGISTEREDCOMPANIES WITHQUALIFIED APPLICATORSAccess Integrated Services LtdUnit 3, Waterton Buildings, Moor Road, WatertonIndustrial Estate, Bridgend, CF31 3TRT: 01646 654054Cleveland Bridge UK LtdCleveland House, Yarm Road,Darlington, DL1 4DET: 01325 502345Coating Services LtdPartington Street, Mumps Bridge,Oldham, OL1 3RU, UKT: 0161 665 1998Forth Estuary Transport AuthorityForth Road Bridge, Administration OfficeSouth Queensferry, EH30 9SFT: 0131 319 1699GABRE (UK) LTD9 Holme Road, Dromore, OmaghCo Tyrone, BT78 3BXT: 02882 897950Alltask LimitedAlltask House, Commissioners Road, Strood,Kent, ME2 4EJT: 01634 298000Collis Engineering Railway ContractsSalcombe Road, Meadow Lane Industrial Estate,Alfreton, Derbyshire, DE55 7RGT: 01773 833255H&H Painting Contractors Ltd4 Hamilton Gardens, Mutley,Plymouth, PL4 6PQT: 07837 382619Alfred Bagnall & Sons6 Manor Lane, Shipley,West Yorkshire, BD18 3RDT: 01302 853259APB Construction (UK)Unit 3, Bramley Way, Hellaby Industrial Estate,Hellaby, Rotherham,S. Yorkshire, S66 8QBT: 01709 541000APB Group LimitedRyandra House, Ryandra Business Park,Brookhouse Way, Cheadle, Staffs, ST10 1SRT: 01538 755377Armourcote Surface Technology Plc15/17 Colvilles Place, Kelvin Industrial Estate,East Kilbride, Scotland, G75 0PZT: 01355 248223Austin Hayes LtdCarlton Works, Cemetary Road, Yeadon, Leeds,LS19 7BD, UKT: 0113 250 2255Beever LimitedLittle Coldharbour farm, Tong Lane, Lamberhurst,Kent, TN3 8AD, UKT: 01892 890045Briton Fabricators LtdWatnall Road, Hucknall, Notts, NG15 6EPT: 0115 963 2901Cape Industrial ServicesCape House, 3 Red Hall Avenue,Paragon Business Village, Wakefield, WF1 2ULT: 01224 215800Community Clean11 Old Forge Road, Ferndown Industrial Estate,Ferndown, Wimborne, Dorset,BH21 7RR, UKT: 0845 6850133CorrocoatForster Street, Leeds, LS10 1PWT: 01132760760Denholm Industrial21 Boden Street, Glasgow, G40 3PUT: 0141 445 3939Dyer & Butler Ltd (Rail)Mead House, Station Road, Nursling,Southampton, SO16 0AH, UKT: 02380 667549ENC (Yorkshire) LtdUnit 3B Rotherham Road, DinningtonSheffield, S25 3RFT: 01909 567860E & P Painting ContractorsRossfield Road, Rossmore Trading Estate,Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 3AWT: 0151 9558141F A Clover & Son LtdBardolph Road, RichmondSurrey, TW9 2LHT: 0208 948 6321Finclean SKJ LtdWaterloo Industrial Estate, Pembroke Dock,Pembrokeshire, SA72 4RRT: 01646 622407Harsco Infrastructure Services LtdUnit 3 Manby Road, South Killingholme,Immingham, North Lincolnshire, DN40 3DXT: 01469 553800Harrisons Engineering Lancashire LtdJudge Wilmey Mill, Longworth RoadBillington, Clitheroe, Lancashire, BB7 9TPT: 01254 823993HBS Protective Coatings Ltd40 Manse Road, Belfast BT8 6SAT: 028 90708280Herrington Industrial Services LtdCrown Works, Crown Road, Low Southwick,Sunderland SR5 2BST: 0191 5160634Hi-Tech Surface Treatment LtdUnit B, Deacon Trading Estate, Chickenhall Lane,Eastleigh, Hants SO50 6RPT: 023 80611789Hunter Steel Coatings Ltd4Pinfold Lane, Alltami, Mold,Flintshire CH7 6NZT: 01244 541177Hyspec Services LtdUnit 3 Meadowfield Industrial Estate,Cowdenbeath Road, Burntisland,Fife, KY3 0LHT: 01592 874661Industrial Coating Services5 Danesbury Crescent, Kingstanding,Birmingham, B44 0QPT: 0121 384 226637

CorrosionManagement | March/April 2012ICATSREGISTEREDCOMPANIESIndustrial Painting48-49 RCM Business Centres,Sandbeds Trading Estate, Dewsbury Road,Ossett, WF5 9NDT: 01924 272606International Energy Services Ltd94 Awolowo, Ikoyi, Lagos State, NigeriaT: 014615636Nusteel StructuresLympne Industrial Estate, Lympne, Hythe, Kent,CT21 4LRT: 01303 268112Offshore Marine Services LtdBrumby House, Jalan Bahasa, PO Box 80148,87011 Lubuan F.T. MalaysiaT: +356214244410Shutdown MaintenanceServices LtdKingsnorth Industrial, Hoo, Rochester,Kent, ME3 9NDT: 01634 256969Solent Protective Coatings LtdTredegar Wharf, Marine ParadeSouthampton, Hants, SO14 5JFT: 02380 221480Interserve IndustrialUnit 2, Olympic Park, Poole Hall RoadEllesmere Port, Cheshire, CH66 1STT: 0151 3737660Jack Tighe CoatingsSandall Lane, Kirk Sandall,Doncaster, DN3 1QRT: 01302 880360Jack Tighe LtdRedbourne Mere, Kirton Lindsey, Gainsborough,Lincs, DN21 4NW, UKT: 01652 640003JPV (Painters) LtdUnit 8 Prospect Way, Hutton Industrial Estate,Brentwood, Essex, CM13 1XA, UKT: 01277 201515Lanarkshire Welding Co.82 John Street, Wishaw,Lanarkshire, ML2 7TQT: 01698 264271Mabey Bridge LtdStation Road, Chepstow,Monmouthshire NP16 5YLT: 01291 623801Maclean & Speirs Blasting LtdUnit D, East Fulton Farm, Darluith Road,Linwood, Paisley PA3 3TPT: 01505 324777MCL Coatings LtdPickerings Road, Halebank Industrial Estate,Widnes, Cheshire, WA8 8XWT: 0151 423 6166N L Williams Group LtdWestside Industrial Estate, Jackson Street, St.Helens, Merseyside WA9 3ATT: 01744 26526Northern Protective16 High Reach, Fairfield Industrial Estate, BillQuay, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear, NE10 0URT: 0191 438 5555Opus Industrial ServicesEthan House, Royce Avenue,Cowpen Industrial,Estate, Billingham, TS23 4BX, UKT: 01642 371850Orrmac Coatings LtdNewton Chambers Road, Thorncliffe ParkEstate, Chapeltown, Sheffield, S35 2PHT: 0114 246 1237P&R Engineering LtdUnit 50/51 Cable Street, Wolverhampton,WV2 2HXT: 01902 870637Paintel LtdTrianon, Westover, Ivybridge,Devon, PL21 9JHT: 01752 719 701P H Shotblasting & Spraying Services43a Drumrainey Road, Castlecaulfield,Dungannon, Co Tyrone, BT70 3NYT: 028 8776 7722Port Painters LimitedUnit 3, Ringside Business, Hoel-Y-RhosogCardiff, CF3 2EWxT: 02920 777070Pyeroy LimitedKirkstone House, St Omers Road, WesternRiverside Route, Gateshead, Wear,NE11 9EZT: 0191 4932600Roy Hankinson LimitedAlexander House, Monks Ferry, BirkenheadWirral, CH41 5LHT: 0870 7892020Rhinoceros LimitedHuntingdon Works, East Finchley,London, N2 9DXT: 0208 444 6165Rowecord EngineeringNeptune Works, Usk Way, Newport,South Wales, NP20 2SST: 01633 250511South Staffs Protective Coatings LtdBloomfield Road, Tipton,West Midlands, DY4 9EET: 0121 522 2373Standish MetalPotter Place, West Pimbo, Skelmersdale, Lancs,WN8 9PW, UKT: 01695 455977Supablast (1984) LtdJubilee Estate, Gorsey Lane, Coleshill,Birmingham, B46 1JUT: 01675 464446T I Protective CoatingsUnit 6, Lodge Bank, Crown Lane, Horwich,Bolton, Lancs, BL6 5HUT: 01204 468080TEMA Engineering Ltd5-6 Curran Road, Cardiff, CF10 5DF, UKT: 020920 344556ThyssenKrupp Palmers Ltd1120 Elliot Court, Herald Avenue, CoventryBusiness Park, Coventry, CV5 6UBT: 02476 710294Vale Protective Coatings LtdBuilding 152 - Langar North Industrial Estate,Harby Road, Langar, NG13 9HYT: 01949 869784Walker Construction (UK) LtdPark Farm Road, Folkestone, Kent, CT19 5DYT: 01303 851111Wardle Painters LtdUnit 5, Wimborne Building, Atlantic Way,Barry Docks, Glamorgan, CF63 3RA, UKT: 01446 748620W G Beaumont & SonBeaumont House, 8 Bernard Road,Romford RM7 0HXT: 01708 74920238

ICATSREGISTEREDCOMPANIESWilliam Hare LtdBrandlesholme House, Brandlesholme Road,Burys, Lancs, BL8 1JJ, UKT: 0161 609 0000Barrier LtdStephenson Street, Wallsend, Tyne & Wear,NE28 6UE, UKT: 0191 262 0510Hempel UK LtdLlantarnam Park, Cwmbran,Gwent, NP44 3XFT: 01633 874024ICATS REGISTEREDCOMPANIES WITHAPPLICATORS IN TRAININGE G Lewis & Company LtdSuite 5, 3 Shawcross Industrial Estate, AckworthRoad, Portsmouth PO3 5JPT: 01792 323288Gemini Corrosion ServicesBrent Avenue, Forties Road, Montrose,Angus, DD10 9PBT: 01674 672 678PCM Nigeria Plc99 Rivoc Road Trans Amadi, Port Harcourt,Rivers State, NigeriaT: +2348055297828Severn River Crossing PlcBridge Access Road, Aust, SouthGloucestershire, BS35 4BDT: 01454 633351Specialist Blasting Services LtdSmiths Quay, Hazel Road, Woolston,SO19 7GBT: 023 80438901Sussex Blast CleaningUnit 35-37 Station Road, Hailsham,East Sussex, BN27 2ERT: 01323 849229Tees Valley CoatingsRiverside Park Road, Middlesborough,Cleveland TS2 1UTT: 01642 228141ICATS REGISTEREDCOMPANIESAbbey Gritblasting ServicesUnit 13, Clopton Commercial Park, Clopton,Woodbridge, Suffolk, IP12 3TPT: 0191 262 0510BAE Systems Surface Ships Support LtdRoom 213, Naval Base Headquarters, Building1/100, PP127, Portsmouth,PO1 3LST: 023 92857279BSM Consulting11 Kingsmead, Nailsea BS48 2XHT: 01275 854708BAM Nuttall LtdSt James House, Knoll Road,Camberley GU15 3XWT: 0782 5798440Celtic Specialist Treatments LtdRosedale, Carelicken Lane, LangstoneNewport, Gwent, NP18 2JZT: 01633 400194Coastground LtdMorton Peto Road, Gapton Hall Industrial ,Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, NR31 0LTT: 01493 650455D&D Rail LtdTime House, Time Square, BasildonEssex SS14 1DJT: 01268 520000DRH Coatings LtdSuite 5, 3 Shawcross Industrial Estate, AckworthRoad, Portsmouth PO3 5JPT: 023 9266 6165EMS Services LtdTank Farm Road, Llandarcy,SA10 6ENT: 0800 8400564Excel Contractors Ltd11a West End Road, Bitterne,Southampton SO18 6TET: 02380 444420Forward ProtectiveVernon Street, Shirebrook, MansfieldNotts, NG20 8SST: 01623 748323Galldris Construction LtdGalldris House, Pavilion Business Centre, KineticCrescent, Innova Science Park, Enfield BN3 7FJT: 01992 763000GPL Special Projects LtdPO Box 516, Salford, M5 0BJT: 0161 7457888G W Burton LtdNew Court, Wooddalling, Norwich,Norfolk, NR11 6SAT: 01263 584203IDL Fabrications LimitedCrabtree Lane, Clayton, Manchester,M11 4GUT: 0161 2306666Interkey Services Ltd2 Princewood Road, Corby, Northamptonshire,NN17 4APT: 01536 266607Leighs PaintsTower Works, Kestor Street,Bolton, lancs. BL2 2ALT: 0161 2306666Malakoff LimitedNorth Ness, Lerwick, Shetland, ZE1 0LZ, UKT: 01595 695544Matthew James ServicesUnit 4, Shibdon Business, Cowen RoadBlaydon, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE21 5TXT: 0191 414 5700NSG UK LtdFourth Avenue, Deeside Industrial Park, Deeside,Flintshire CH5 2NRT: 01244 833138Over Rail Services LtdUnit 10 Millhead Way, Purdys Industrial Estate,Rochford, Essex, SS4 1NDT: 07976372866Paint Inspection LtdTrafalgar House, 223 Southampton Road,Portchester, PO6 4PYT: 0845 4638680Possilpark Shotblasting Co LtdDalmarnock Works, 73 Dunn Street,Glasgow, G40 3PET: 0141 556 6221Radleigh Metal Coatings LtdUnit 30 Central Trading Estate, Cable Street,Wolverhampton, WV2 2HXT: 01902 870606R.L.P. PaintingHeathfield House, Old Bawtry Road, Finningley,Doncaster, DN9 3DD, UKT: 01302 772222Tinsley Special ProductsEnterprise House, Durham Lane, Eaglescliffe,Stockton-on-Tees TS16 0PST: 01642 78427939

CORROSIONINSTITUTE EVENTSDIARY DATES 2011/201212th April 2012London Branch joint meeting withNACE, Speaker: David Harvey on‘Cathodic protection of complexstructures’.Meet at Naval Club, 38 Hill Street, London W117.30 for 18.15 start.17th April 2012Al-Zn-In Sacrificial AnodesManufacture and Specification.Dr Nigel Owen (Aberdeen Foundries Ltd).Contact: Aberdeen Branch for further details.26th April 2012CED Working Day and Symposium onMicrobial CorrosionThe Corrosion Engineering Division will be running aSpring Working Day on Thursday 26th April 2012 atthe National Motorcycle Museum ConferenceCentre, Birmingham. The theme for the meetingwill be ‘Microbial Corrosion’.Please contact Nick Smart, CED chair, at nick.smart@serco.com. Further information will beposted on the Institute’s web site in due course.15th May 2012Corrosion Fatigue DevelopmentsEnvironment assisted cracking remains a majorchallenge across a wide range of industryand business sectors. Corrosion Fatigue is ofparticular significance with implications for bothdesign and the safe and economic operationof components and structures. In this seminar,leading researchers and engineers will highlightprogress in characterisation of corrosion-fatiguecrack development and in life prediction for criticalapplications.Contact: Registration is on-line at www.fesi.org.ukand then click on the link.Venue: National Physical Laboratory, Teddington,UK, TW11 0LW.22nd May 2012Joint NACE Meeting.Contact: Aberdeen Branch for further details.19th June 2012London Branch Golf DaySilvermere Golf Club, SurreyContact Derek Hoskins at: dhoskins@waitrose.comMarch/April 2012 No. 106contact Prof. Robert Akid robert.akid@manchester.ac.uk or Prof. Paul Lambert paul.lambert@mottmac.comvisittheIcorrwebsitewww.icorr.org3rd May 2012London Branch Sustaining MembersSponsored EveningBlue Badge Guided Tour of Soho.Free to all members, family and friends.Meet at 17.30 at Piccadilly Circus, in front of theCriterion Restaurant, as we did last year.TBC – November 2012Corrosion of Infrastructure ‘ PresentKnowledge and Future Solutions’.Venue: Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining1 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5DBFurther information along with a registration formis available to download at www.icorr.org in theconferences and events section. You can alsoLondon Branch publish a monthly NewsletterBRANCH CONTACT DIRECTORYABERDEEN:Frances Blackburn (Secretary)Tel: 01224 243360Email: ICorrABZ@gmail.comDUBLIN:Martha Hidalgo (Secretary)Tel: +353 01 4027945Terry Hinds (Chairman)Tel: 0145 066 71 Fax: 0145 662 13Email: info@galcosteel.ieNORTH EAST:Brendan FitzsimonsTel: 0191 493 2600LONDON:Andy Taylor (Chairman)Tel: 0771 7205406 (UK)28Details of all Branch activities, dates and venues can be found at www.icorr.orgTel: +994773251548 (Azerbaijan)Email: aetaylor12@yahoo.comGeoff White (Secretary)Tel: 01728 602289Email: geoff.white237@btinternet.comMIDLANDS BRANCH:Jim Preston (Chairman)Tel: 01543 871808Email: jim@corrosion-prevention.co.ukKevin Woodland (Secretary)Tel: 01606 833805Email: k.woodland@greystaruk.comNORTH WEST:Brenda Peters, Analysis ScientificTel: 01706 871700Email: brenda.peters@analysis-scientific.co.ukYORKSHIRE:Nigel Peterson-WhiteTel: 01422 356752Email:nigel@specialisedcoatings.co.ukYoung ICorr Chairman:Oliver LewisEmail: oliver.lewis@shu.ac.ukCSD Division:Nick StevensTel: 0161 3063621CED Division:Nick SmartTel: 01635 280385