Global tax considerationsAs lodging players look to <strong>2015</strong>,certain tax issues must be carefullyevaluated as an integral part ofa company’s overall investmentstrategy. This year, several k<strong>ey</strong>tax considerations, including thecontinued growth and sophisticationof cross-border <strong>hospitality</strong>investments, the acceleration ofthe use of Opco/Propco structuresand spin-offs, escalating taxenforcement initiatives and anincreasing number of indirect taxes,will remain top of mind for industryparticipants looking to invest in the<strong>hospitality</strong> sector <strong>global</strong>ly.During <strong>2015</strong>, significant cross-bordercapital flows will continue to draw focusfrom a tax standpoint. The deployment ofcapital by sovereign wealth funds and other<strong>global</strong> institutional investors will requirecareful consideration of tax regimes andwithholding requirements in traditionalmarkets, as well as emerging ones. As newmarkets gain momentum, with new alliancesand joint ventures formed, tax advisors canno longer focus on one tax regime whenstructuring <strong>hospitality</strong> investments andoperations.Instead, advisors must carefully considerthe tax consequences of where the capitaloriginates, where the investment vehicle islocated and where the capital is deployed.Given the heightened tax scrutiny thatinvestor groups are now subject to, th<strong>ey</strong>must also properly manage cross-bordertax implications that could adversely affectprofitability. In response, tax advisors arenow called on to develop robust tax modelsthat project capital flows and the relatedtax consequences throughout the life of theinvestment.These models, which incorporate multijurisdictionaltax analysis, are ongoingmanagement tools that allow “what if”scenarios at any point in the investmentcycle. As countries are regularly revisingand updating applicable tax laws to remaincompetitive in the <strong>global</strong> marketplace,tax advisors must continually review theinvestment structures being utilized, asstructures that may have been optimal inthe recent past may no longer be the mosttax-efficient structure.The strategic use of REIT structures tohold lodging assets across the globe willcontinue to gain investor attention in <strong>2015</strong>.As observed over the past year, the wave ofcountries adopting REIT structures keepsgrowing, with more than 30 countrieshaving now enacted some version of REITlikestructures. Global REITs will gain evenmore traction, fueling cross-border capitalflows, whether through publicly held REITstraded on exchanges or through privateREITs, sometimes referred to as baby REITs,which may own only a single property.Another prominent trend that will remainimportant in the lodging sector in <strong>2015</strong> isthe separation of operations and propertyownership, commonly known as Opco/Propco structures. Opco/Propco structuresinvolve the separation of the real estateinto one company and operating assetsinto another company. The structureallows for organizations to identify andfocus on one core business, whether it beowning lodging facilities, operating them ormaximizing the values of brands and otherGlobal <strong>hospitality</strong> <strong>insights</strong>30
intellectual properties. The creation of an Opco/Propco structureis often accomplished through a spin-off of one company to theshareholders of the previously combined enterprise, initially creating“brother-sister” companies. Over time, the overlapping ownershipsubsides, as the Opcos and Propcos attract dedicated investors intoone company or the other.Before creating the Opco/Propco structure, advisors must evaluateif the spun-off entity qualifies for tax-free treatment, or whetherthe creation of the Opco/Propco structure qualifies as a taxabletransaction for the company, and in turn, the shareholders. Athorough analysis of potential taxable gains, as well as analysis ofindirect taxes, such as transfer and property taxes, is necessaryto make an decision about whether to convert to an Opco/Propcostructure. Many Opco/Propco structures utilize REITs to serveas the Propco; the Propco will then lease the property to theOpco, which operates the lodging asset. The lease structure ofthe Opco often includes both a fixed base component as well asa contingent or participating rent component based on the grossrevenues of the Opco.In addition to Opco/Propco separations, the lodging sector willcontinue to witness spin-offs among major industry players. Havinggained considerable recognition in recent years, lodging companiesare now using spin-offs to strategically segregate their portfolios.For instance, some <strong>hospitality</strong> players have segregated their limitedserviceproperties into a separate entity from their portfolio oflarger, full-service properties. This segregation can be accomplishedvia a spin-off, similar to the Opco/Propco separation. If properlystructured, it may be possible to execute a tax-free spin-off toseparate the property classes. However, even if a tax-free spin-off isnot a viable option, lodging REITs may still consider taxable spin-offsin an effort to segregate their property types and gain efficiencies.Global tax enforcement will go on evolving and expanding in<strong>2015</strong>, causing <strong>hospitality</strong> companies to prioritize the trackingand monitoring of <strong>global</strong> tax compliance issues and related taxcontroversy matters. Many companies are turning to electronicplatforms to not only identify and monitor <strong>global</strong> tax risks, but toalso proactively manage them. For example, a leading practiceamong successful <strong>hospitality</strong> companies is to maintain a realtimedashboard that monitors <strong>global</strong> tax filings and alerts themto upcoming filing deadlines and other critical tax milestones.In addition, many lodging companies have increased their focuson transfer pricing, both <strong>global</strong>ly and domestically. Companiesmust ensure that the “transfer pricing” of their intercompanytransactions, as well as cost allocations, are at “arm’s length” andcompliant with the relevant tax regimes.Finally, in <strong>2015</strong>, indirect taxes, such as transfer taxes, propertytaxes and value-added taxes (VAT), will be increasing burdens for<strong>hospitality</strong> companies, as governments across the globe carryon with introducing and expanding indirect tax obligations toraise revenue. While indirect taxes may not have been as muchof a material burden for companies in the past, going forwardindirect taxes will present a meaningful cost for the lodging sector.Tax advisors have sometimes found that even intercompanytransactions may generate unexpected tax liabilities, and newindirect “change of control” transfer taxes — triggered when subtleownership changes are made at the parent company level — can bea burden. Thus, investors will want to review applicable indirect taximplications before initiating new structures or activities.Top thoughts for <strong>2015</strong>31