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Action research transcends constraints of poverty in elementary ...

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for educational <strong>research</strong>ers.4. METHODS, TECHNIQUES OR MODES OF INQUIRYIn this section we describe the processes <strong>in</strong> which we have engaged <strong>in</strong>order to attempt to answer the questions posed by this <strong>research</strong>. It isimportant to note that this is a cooperative effort by four <strong>research</strong>ers,three <strong>in</strong> Ontario, Canada, although a various distances from one another,and one <strong>in</strong> the United K<strong>in</strong>gdom. While self-study <strong>research</strong> has beenconducted <strong>in</strong>dividually , this paper has been accomplished as partners <strong>in</strong> aculture <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>quiry. We have used the available technologies: Skypeconference calls, call record<strong>in</strong>g, Youtube, email, and Google Drive tocreate the paper. In claim<strong>in</strong>g that this is a co-operative effort we areacknowledg<strong>in</strong>g the importance <strong>of</strong> co-operative values (Breeze, 2011, pp.2-4) <strong>in</strong> our work together. We use the idea <strong>of</strong> collaboration to meanwork<strong>in</strong>g together. When we use the idea <strong>of</strong> co-operation we are <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>gco-operative values <strong>in</strong> our work together.The mode <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>quiry uses Whitehead’s (2009) liv<strong>in</strong>g theory methodologyand McNiff’s (2009) form <strong>of</strong> narrative for the generation <strong>of</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>gtheories. <strong>Action</strong> reflection cycles are used <strong>in</strong> form<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>research</strong><strong>in</strong>g andanswer<strong>in</strong>g questions <strong>of</strong> the k<strong>in</strong>d, ‘How do I improve what I am do<strong>in</strong>g?’The cycles <strong>in</strong>clude: the expression <strong>of</strong> concerns when values are not be<strong>in</strong>glived as fully as the practitioner-<strong>research</strong>er believes to be possible;imag<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g possible improvements; choos<strong>in</strong>g one to act on; action andgather data to make a judgment on the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> actions; evaluat<strong>in</strong>gthe effectiveness <strong>of</strong> actions; modify<strong>in</strong>g the concerns, ideas and actions <strong>in</strong>the light <strong>of</strong> the evaluations and the production <strong>of</strong> an explanation <strong>of</strong>learn<strong>in</strong>g that is submitted to a validation group to help to strengthen thevalidity <strong>of</strong> the explanation.We draw upon Whitehead’s (2008) Liv<strong>in</strong>g Educational Theoryperspective to understand the world from one’s own po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> view, as an<strong>in</strong>dividual, claim<strong>in</strong>g orig<strong>in</strong>ality and exercis<strong>in</strong>g judgment, responsiblywith universal <strong>in</strong>tent. One We? <strong>in</strong>cludes the unique set <strong>of</strong> values that areused to give mean<strong>in</strong>g and purpose to their existence. These values areexpressed, clarified and evolved as explanatory pr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>in</strong> explanations<strong>of</strong> educational <strong>in</strong>fluences <strong>in</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g. The values flow with a lifeaffirm<strong>in</strong>genergy and are expressed <strong>in</strong> the relational dynamics <strong>of</strong>educational relationships.Whitehead’s (1988) perspectives on the importance <strong>of</strong> study<strong>in</strong>g ourvalues <strong>in</strong> action <strong>in</strong> our teach<strong>in</strong>g practice us<strong>in</strong>g video stress<strong>in</strong>g theimportance <strong>of</strong> the visual records <strong>of</strong> our practice and communicat<strong>in</strong>g our

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