Municipal Solid Waste

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Dangers of chemicals• Significant dangers are associated withmanufacture, use, disposal of many chemicals• Few people want to give up their products• The best solution?• Handle and dispose of chemicals in ways thatminimize risks• Over the past 30 years, regulations on chemicalproduction, transport, use, and disposal havemushroomed• The chemical industry is now heavily regulated© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Toxicology and chemical hazards• Toxicology: the study of the harmful effects ofchemicals on human and environmental health• Toxicologists study acute toxicity effects, chroniceffects, and carcinogenic potential• Data on toxic chemicals comes from• The National Toxicology Program (NTC)• The Chemical Repository• The National Institute of Environmental HealthSciences (NIEHS)• The EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Page 4: Disposal of municipal solid waste
Page 8 and 9: U.S. MSW disposal© 2011 Pearson Ed
Page 10 and 11: Problems of landfills: leachate and
Page 12 and 13: Westminster landfill© 2011 Pearson
Page 14 and 15: Features of a modern landfill© 201
Page 16: Advantages of combustion• 89 U.S.
Page 19 and 20: The WTE process• Incoming waste i
Page 21 and 22: Costs of municipal solid-wastedispo
Page 23 and 24: Examples• Reducing the weight of
Page 25 and 26: What gets recycled?• Paper (47%):
Page 27 and 28: Other items that are recycled• Te
Page 29 and 30: MSW recycling in the U.S.© 2011 Pe
Page 31 and 32: Plastics recovery• Plastics have
Page 33 and 34: Integrated waste management• It i
Page 35 and 36: Closing the recycling loop• Set m
Page 37 and 38: An introduction to hazardouschemica
Page 39: Human exposure to chemicals• Thre
Page 43 and 44: Threshold level• There is usually
Page 45 and 46: Threshold levels for carcinogens•
Page 47 and 48: HAZMAT placards© 2011 Pearson Educ
Page 49 and 50: The threat from toxic chemicals•
Page 51 and 52: Organic compounds• Petroleum-deri
Page 53 and 54: PERC• Perchloroethylene (PERC): a
Page 55 and 56: Secure landfills• Secure landfill
Page 57 and 58: Mismanagement of hazardous waste•
Page 59 and 60: Orphan sites• Orphan sites: some
Page 61 and 62: Groundwater remediation• Groundwa
Page 63 and 64: Superfund for toxic sites• The mo
Page 65 and 66: National Priorities List• If a si
Page 67 and 68: Mobile incinerator for toxic waste
Page 69 and 70: Plant food?• Phytoremediation: us
Page 71 and 72: Worker protection: OSHA• Industri
Page 73 and 74: SARA• Superfund Amendments and Re
Page 75 and 76: Major hazardous-waste laws© 2011 P
Page 77 and 78: Federal response• President Clint
Page 79 and 80: Green chemistry• Substitution: an
Page 81: Green products• Products that are

Municipal Solid Waste

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