Municipal Solid Waste

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The threshold level© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Threshold levels for carcinogens• The EPA takes a zero-dose, zero-responseapproach for carcinogens• There is no evidence of a threshold level for them• But lower doses are less likely to produce cancers• The field of toxicology is well established• It is the most important source of sound science forsupporting regulations from the EPA and FDA• The NTP was established in 1978• The world’s leader in assessing chemical toxicity andcarcinogenicity© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Page 4: Disposal of municipal solid waste
Page 8 and 9: U.S. MSW disposal© 2011 Pearson Ed
Page 10 and 11: Problems of landfills: leachate and
Page 12 and 13: Westminster landfill© 2011 Pearson
Page 14 and 15: Features of a modern landfill© 201
Page 16: Advantages of combustion• 89 U.S.
Page 19 and 20: The WTE process• Incoming waste i
Page 21 and 22: Costs of municipal solid-wastedispo
Page 23 and 24: Examples• Reducing the weight of
Page 25 and 26: What gets recycled?• Paper (47%):
Page 27 and 28: Other items that are recycled• Te
Page 29 and 30: MSW recycling in the U.S.© 2011 Pe
Page 31 and 32: Plastics recovery• Plastics have
Page 33 and 34: Integrated waste management• It i
Page 35 and 36: Closing the recycling loop• Set m
Page 37 and 38: An introduction to hazardouschemica
Page 39 and 40: Human exposure to chemicals• Thre
Page 41 and 42: Toxicology and chemical hazards•
Page 43: Threshold level• There is usually
Page 47 and 48: HAZMAT placards© 2011 Pearson Educ
Page 49 and 50: The threat from toxic chemicals•
Page 51 and 52: Organic compounds• Petroleum-deri
Page 53 and 54: PERC• Perchloroethylene (PERC): a
Page 55 and 56: Secure landfills• Secure landfill
Page 57 and 58: Mismanagement of hazardous waste•
Page 59 and 60: Orphan sites• Orphan sites: some
Page 61 and 62: Groundwater remediation• Groundwa
Page 63 and 64: Superfund for toxic sites• The mo
Page 65 and 66: National Priorities List• If a si
Page 67 and 68: Mobile incinerator for toxic waste
Page 69 and 70: Plant food?• Phytoremediation: us
Page 71 and 72: Worker protection: OSHA• Industri
Page 73 and 74: SARA• Superfund Amendments and Re
Page 75 and 76: Major hazardous-waste laws© 2011 P
Page 77 and 78: Federal response• President Clint
Page 79 and 80: Green chemistry• Substitution: an
Page 81: Green products• Products that are

Municipal Solid Waste

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