GeoGas Application of Outburst Thresholds to Non-Bull
GeoGas Application of Outburst Thresholds to Non-Bull
GeoGas Application of Outburst Thresholds to Non-Bull
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<strong>Thresholds</strong> adopted - Helensburgh<br />
TDGC (m3/t)<br />
16<br />
15<br />
14<br />
13<br />
12<br />
11<br />
10<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
Helensburgh<br />
Lama Structured<br />
Helensburgh<br />
Lama Structured at 10-12 m/day<br />
Lama UnStructured<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100<br />
% CO2<br />
Part <strong>of</strong> the Runge Group<br />
<strong>Thresholds</strong> adopted – NRE#1<br />
TDGC (m3/t)<br />
16<br />
15<br />
14<br />
13<br />
12<br />
11<br />
10<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
NRE #1<br />
Lama Structured<br />
NRE#1 <strong>Bull</strong>i seam<br />
Lama Structured at 10-12 m/day<br />
Lama UnStructured<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100<br />
% CO2<br />
Part <strong>of</strong> the Runge Group<br />
<strong>Thresholds</strong> adopted – Tahmoor<br />
TDGC (m3/t)<br />
16<br />
15<br />
14<br />
13<br />
12<br />
11<br />
10<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
Tahmoor<br />
Lama Structured<br />
Tahmoor Unrestricted<br />
Lama Structured at 10- 12 m/day<br />
Tahmoor Structured but limited advance rate<br />
Lama UnStructured<br />
Tahmoor UnStructured but limited advance rate<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100<br />
% CO2<br />
Part <strong>of</strong> the Runge Group<br />
<strong>Thresholds</strong> adopted - Appin<br />
TDGC (m3/t)<br />
16<br />
15<br />
14<br />
13<br />
12<br />
11<br />
10<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
Appin<br />
Lama Structured<br />
Appin<br />
Lama Structured at 10-12 m/day<br />
Lama UnStructured<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100<br />
% CO2<br />
Part <strong>of</strong> the Runge Group<br />
<strong>Thresholds</strong> adopted – West Cliff<br />
TDGC (m3/t)<br />
16<br />
15<br />
14<br />
13<br />
12<br />
11<br />
10<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
West Cliff<br />
Lama Structured<br />
West Cliff L1<br />
Lama Structured at 10-12 m/day<br />
West Cliff L2<br />
Lama UnStructured<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100<br />
% CO2<br />
Fac<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> safety ???<br />
Part <strong>of</strong> the Runge Group<br />
• Difficulties in clearly defining origins<br />
• Perceptions <strong>of</strong> absolute accuracy<br />
• Apparent fac<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> safety<br />
• “…<strong>to</strong>o small <strong>to</strong> cause any major damage<br />
or endanger life <strong>of</strong> personnel”<br />
• “….thresholds can be increased by<br />
multiplying by a fac<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> 1.2 where<br />
development rates are reduced <strong>to</strong> be 10-<br />
12 m/day..” based on mathematical<br />
modelling undertaken at the time<br />
Part <strong>of</strong> the Runge Group
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