Example 11. Extract from Thomas Baltzar, Prelude in G and the`Preludium T.B.’[28] The next five pieces, an allemande and a sarabande in B flat and anallamande with its ‘variatio’, a courante and a sarabande in G minor, can alsobe confidently ascribed to Baltzar, not least because they are written in thesame elaborately polyphonic style as the C minor prelude and his other soloviolin music. The allemande in B flat, no. 2, with its style brisé mixture ofarpeggios and simulated polyphony in flowing semiquavers, is particularly closein style to Baltzar’s C minor allemande in The Division-Violin, as is the variationin semiquavers added to the G minor allemande no. 4 - a piece that has severalwritten-out measured trills. Three more pieces, the C major suite nos. 49-51, asit happens the only other ones in the collection without attributions orconcor<strong>da</strong>nces, may also be by Baltzar; the allemande is also rather morepolyphonic than most of the others in the collection.The appearance of original pieces certainly or probably by Baltzaralongside rather similar pieces arranged from lyra-viol pieces may help toexplain how Baltzar came to write his ‘neat lute-fashioned lessons’ for soloviolin, and how the collection came to be copied into F. 573. I wouldsuggest that it was Baltzar himself who, struck by the virtuosity of his viol-
playing colleagues in the Private Music, experimented with transferring theidiom of lyra-viol music to the violin by arranging some of their pieces forhis instrument. In most cases, he merely transcribed the melodies from thetablature at a pitch suitable for the violin, and then replaced the originalsupporting chords with ones suitable for an instrument with four stringstuned in fifths. In one case, however, he went a stage further. No. 41, anallemande in B minor by Jenkins, probably transcribed from a lost originalfor lyra viol, was given an elaborate variation; the fact that this variation isrecognisably in the same style as the variations added to his own allemandessupports the idea that Baltzar himself made at least some of thearrangements of the lyra-viol pieces. We can now see that Baltzar’s originalsolo [29] violin pieces - both the ones in F. 573 and elsewhere - are written inan idiom that he based on the transcribed lyra-viol pieces, a process curiously’similar to the way J.S. Bach based the style of his Italian Concerto on his soloharpsichord and organ transcriptions of concertos by Italian composers. It isstrange that F. 573 does not contain any examples of scor<strong>da</strong>tura writing forviolin, particularly since Roger North mentions that Baltzar used ‘often a lyratuning’.Lyra-viol pieces in the common tunings could easily have beentranscribed into an equivalent scor<strong>da</strong>tura violin tuning; the a e’ a’ c sharp" tuningused in Baltzar’s A major scor<strong>da</strong>tura suite - e f h in lyra-viol nomenclature - isthe same as the three middle intervals of harp-way sharp (d e f h f).Who copied the solo violin music in F. 573? There is no doubt that thesequence as it now exists contains a few pieces that were added at a later <strong>da</strong>teby someone else; those ascribed to the viol player Philip Hacquart, forinstance, would have to be very early works if they were arranged by Baltzarhimself, since Hacquart was born only in 1645. His bass-viol suites in F. 573and F. 574 were probably composed around 1690, since they are very similar instyle to his brother’s suites in the printed collection of Chelys of 1686. 71Although much more work still needs to be done on both F. 573 and F. 574, Ishould not be at all surprised if their copyist turned out to be one of the twoviol players of Dutch extraction who were working at the English court aroundthen: Dietrich Stoeffken’s two sons Frederick and Christian.It only remains to relate the melancholy circumstances of Baltzar’s untimelydeath. The only precise evidence concerning it is an entry in the burial registerof Westminster Abbey: ‘July 27 1663 Mr. Thomas Balsart, one of the Violinsin the King’s service’; a note adds the information that he was interred in theCloisters. 72 However, Charles Burney, perhaps quoting a documentary sourcenow lost, plausibly gives July 24 1663 as the actual <strong>da</strong>te of Baltzar’s death. 73Anthony a Wood, in his Life and Times, gives two conflicting versions of thecircumstances. Under a heading for June (as error for July?) 1663, he recordedthat ‘In this month died Mr Baltzar, the Swede, the great violinist, at Londonof the french pox and other distempers’. 74 A month later, perhaps in an71 Andriessen: op. cit., p. <strong>13</strong>572 Joseph Lemuel Chester ed.: The Marriage, Baptismal, and Burial Registers of the CollegiateChurch or Abbey of St. Peter, Westminster (London, 1876), p. 15973 Article in Rees’s Cyclopaedia (London, 1802-20), quoted in Willibald Nagel: ‘Annalen derenglischen Hofmusik’, Beilage zu den Monatsheften fair Musikgeschichte, xxvi (1894), p. 5174 Shute: op. cit., ii, p. 108
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a revision in which a number of han
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the Church. Nevertheless it is the
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Seaven Teares of 1604 in particular
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For Meyer the other side of the coi
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There are a few unfortunate errors.
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East, Ravenscroft, Kirbye, Peerson,
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accumulated wisdom of specialist de
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engraving of a seventeenth-century
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Lists and indexes of musical source
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The search for the key to the secre