[57] Later music certainly suggests that ornamented vocal styles (in French music) wereas important an influence upon the emergence of the French solo treble viol/pardessus deviole school as were the influences of other forms of instrumental music. AndCharpentier would seem to be a significant contributor to that emergence.Like any 'idiomatic' instrumental or vocal music, it is passages such as theseritournelles by Marc-Antoine Charpentier, in which everything makes both musical andtechnical sense, that are specially valuable in any study of the music written for aspecific instrument. They transmit a great deal of information about the innermostcharacteristics of the instrument concerned, clear evidence of its technicaldevelopment, and also tell us something of the ability of contemporary players of thatinstrument and of the variety of techniques required of them. French music of thisperiod for solo treble viol is scarce, and little is known about the seventeenth-centuryroots of the solo tradition which was to flourish throughout much of the followingcentury; but it is clear that many of the principal idiomatic features of this tradition maybe found in pregnant form throughout the Charpentier leçon. Passages employing thestyle-brisé (implying the use of 'holds') recur throughout the eighteenth-century printedcollections of solo music for the treble viol, notably in those by Heudelinne 33 andMarc. 34 Charpentier's double-stop trills are the earliest-known examples for the instrumentand are found in the music of Marc, 35 Boismortier, 36 and others. Double-stopsand other chords became an indispensable feature of the music, for Heudelinneemploys chords in alternation with single-stop passages throughout his two books ofpieces, where they contribute both colour and additional harmonic strength. Marc,Dolle, 37 Barthelemy de Caix 38 and others, make use of this same alternation, and alsoincorporate extended strings of double-stops in their music; while Boismortier, 39Barriere 40 and de Caix d'Hervelois 41 composed movements which consist almostentirely of chor<strong>da</strong>l writing. Lastly, the concern for bow direction remained an33 See note 10.34 Thomas Marc: Suitte de Pieces de Dessus et de Pardessus de Viole .... (Paris, 1724); modern edition (ed.Adrian P. Rose) published by Dovehouse Editions, Ottawa, Cana<strong>da</strong> (1983)35 See his Rondeau (Loure) on page 27 of the modern edition of the Suitte de Pieces .... .36 Joseph Bodin de Boismortier: Oeuvre Soixante-Unieme .... Contenant VI Sonates pour le Pardessus deViole avec la Basse (Paris, 1736); see, for example, the Deuxième Sonate, Gravement37 Charles Dollé: Pieces pour le Pardessus de Viole aver la Basse Continue' .... (Paris, 1737) Sonates, Duoset Pieces pour le Pardessus de Viole .... (Paris, 1737) Sonates a deux Pardessus de Violes sans Basse ....(Paris, 1754)38 de Caix: VI Sonates pour deux Pardessus de Viole a Cinq Cordes .... (Paris, c. 1745)39 Op. cit. See, for example, the Troisième Sonate, Rondement.40 Jean Barriere: Sonates pour le Pardessus de Viole avec la Basse Continue' .... (Paris, 1739); see SonataIV, A<strong>da</strong>gio41 Louis de Caix d'Hervelois: VIe. [sic] Livre. Pieces pour un Pardessus de Viole .... (Paris/Lyon, 1751);see lere. Suitte, La Prost.Louis de Caix d'Hervelois: Ve. Livre. Pieces pour un Pardessus de Viole .... (Paris/Lyon, 1753), La, Barkhaus p.28
important one and, like ornamentation, use of the tenuë, doigt couché, etc., bowing on thetreble/pardessus viols developed into an art with its own rules and set of symbols. 42It is earnestly hoped that wider interest will be shown in the smaller-scale works ofthis most notable grand-maître, and that this will lead to a realisation of their significancein the development of French Baroque music. The Premiere Leçon du Vendredy Saintillustrates yet another aspect of Charpentier's surviving oeuvre, and there is no doubtthat many masterpieces of equal significance still [58] await discovery and appreciation.* * * * * *APOLOGYThe committee here records its apology to David Pinto for a printing error by whicha reference to 'full song' in his article `The Fantasy manner: the seventeenth-centurycontext' (Chelys, 1981) appeared - most inappropriately - as 'dull song'.42 The Avertissements to the collections of both Heudelinne and Marc contain bowing symbols withtheir explanations. Heudelinne states that bowing directions on the viol are opposite to those of theviolin family, and both collections contain several pieces carefully marked with the appropriatesymbols.