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Mangrove rehabilitation through community involvement in posttsunamiMaldives, Thail<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> India: an example of South-South cooperation1 2Chaman L. Trisal <strong>and</strong> Asae Sayaka1 Wetl<strong>and</strong>s International – South Asia, New Delhi, India (Email: chaman.trisal@wi-sa.org)2 Wetl<strong>and</strong>s International – Thail<strong>and</strong>, Hat-Yai, Songhkla Province, Thail<strong>and</strong>(Email:asaes@psu.ac.th)ABSTRACTThe December 2004 tsunami tragically highlighted the role of coastal ecosystems,particularly mangroves in protecting population <strong>and</strong> assets from destructive natural hazards.Recognizing this, the Green Coast (GC) Initiative, led by Wetl<strong>and</strong>s International (WI) focusedon ecosystem-based livelihood reconstruction which led to the establishment of a southsouthcooperation model. This mode facilitates rapid sharing of expertise, knowledgebase,local capacities <strong>and</strong> conservation-development approaches that emerged in the post-tsunamicontext.In India, the implementation focused on ecosystem-based livelihood restoration in tsunamiaffected areas through assessments, policy <strong>and</strong> communication <strong>and</strong> support to communitybased livelihood restoration initiatives. The project involved 24,000 households in 164villages, <strong>and</strong> restored 58.5 ha of mangroves; 521 ha of agricultural l<strong>and</strong>s; <strong>and</strong> diversificationof livelihoods through establishment of 151 eco-enterprises. The initiative also developed arich knowledgebase on coastal ecosystems <strong>and</strong> livelihood linkages to support restoration,planning <strong>and</strong> decision-making.In the Maldives, restoration focused on Hurra, one of the 1190 coral isl<strong>and</strong>s located south ofthe North Male atoll. The local communities with the support of the initiative were enabled toclear mangrove areas of debris; conduct vegetation mapping <strong>and</strong> zonation; develop nursery<strong>and</strong> rehabilitation through plantation. A community education <strong>and</strong> awareness infrastructurewas also developed through establishment of an environment education kiosk, locallanguage publications, capacity building <strong>and</strong> training.Implementation in Thail<strong>and</strong> focused on Pattani Bay, a wetl<strong>and</strong> of international importance.Together with local communities in three villages, severely degraded sites of formermangroves along the bay were restored, adopting an approach of combined environmentalrehabilitation <strong>and</strong> socio-economic improvements, placing greater emphasis on the processthan on outputs <strong>and</strong> facilitating initiatives of the community rather than ideas of the projectteam. The project was able to support several income-generating activities of thecommunities, successfully replanted 60 ha of community forest with a community-basedmanagement plan.This paper discusses some of the challenges faced in during the south-south cooperation,such as, partnership development, conservation effectiveness monitoring <strong>and</strong> evaluation,<strong>and</strong> linkages with policy <strong>and</strong> decision making at multiple levels. The lessons learned areapplicable to other regional ecosystem conservation initiatives in the Indian Ocean.Key words: community-based management, south-south cooperation, post-tsunamireconstruction, mangrove planting31
Rehabilitation of Cyclone Nargis Affected Areas <strong>and</strong> Prevention from Future NaturalDisastersByU Win Maung Deputy Director of Forest Department, MyanmarABSTRACTThe Ayeyawady Delta covers an area of 33,670 km 2 <strong>and</strong> is composed of a large network ofcreeks, streams <strong>and</strong> rivers. Due to its low altitude (maximum 3 meter above sea level), thisregion is frequently flooded by tides <strong>and</strong> rains during the rainy seasons The tidal action in theDelta region together with various other conditions constitutes an ideal ecologicalenvironment for mangrove vegetation. The Ayeyawady Delta alone once encompassedabout 300,000 ha of mangrove forest in 1980. By 2002 this had been reduced by almost 50% to around 150, 000 ha.A five-year Integrated Mangrove Rehabilitation <strong>and</strong> Management project in the AyeyawadyDelta in cooperation with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) was launched inApril 2007. The project targeted local people’s socio-economic development <strong>and</strong>rehabilitation of mangrove forests. Major activities of the project were construction ofnurseries <strong>and</strong> extension canters, community forestry, <strong>and</strong> income generating activities forlocal people through agro-forestry <strong>and</strong> aqua-agro-forestry. The implemented activities in thefirst year were devastated by Cyclone Nargis including the selected villages for communityForestry.After Nargis, the Project launched a Quick Damage Survey with the objectives of assessingthe damages on project activities <strong>and</strong> the environmental <strong>and</strong> socio-economic impacts ofproject area. The impact assessment survey showed severe damaged to; mangroveecosystems, forest floor vegetation, individual species, soil <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>scape, as well as on thesocio-economic condition of the project area as a whole.The paper concludes that mangrove forests in the cyclone affected areas will have to berehabilitated to obtain both tangible <strong>and</strong> intangible benefits from the mangroves, protecthuman lives <strong>and</strong> livelihoods, provide basic needs of local people, <strong>and</strong> to achieve socioeconomicdevelopment of the region. Each Township, will also need short-medium <strong>and</strong> longtermplans. Restoration <strong>and</strong> international projects should include; designation of preventionzones, establishment of private plantations, community forestry, tree planting along the riverbanks with people participation, windbreaks, reviving the livelihoods of local population,awareness raising <strong>and</strong> extension, <strong>and</strong> cooperation with local NGOs.Key words: cyclone, ecosystem restoration, awareness raising, community forestry,prevention zones32
Page 3: The SymposiumThe <
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Page 11 and 12: Ranong Symposium F
Page 13 and 14: Post-symposium Field trip 25-26 Nov
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Page 17 and 18: Post-Tsunami Sustainable Coastal En
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Page 23 and 24: Local Knowledge for Mangrove Manage
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Page 27 and 28: Mangrove Animal-Plant Interactions
Page 29 and 30: The Ranong Biosphere Reserve: Histo
Page 31 and 32: The potential for development of ec
Page 33: Governance in a Spatial Context: an
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