F7 From Second Reich to Third Reich - The Student Room

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Access to History Online Edexcel Unit 1 – F7 From Second Reich to Third Reich:Germany, 1918–45PlanBrief answer: A very important underlying reason for electoral support but in fact itwas a combination of factors including disappointment with Weimar, weaknesses inthe Weimar constitution and the organisation and leadership of the Nazi Partymachine during this period.Economic slump very important – agricultural support from 1928, growingemployment problems led to political extremes, effects of Wall St Crash,unemploymentWeimar unable to deal with the problems – look to other partiesGrowing legitimate organisationManifesto appealAppeal of Hitler himselfConclusion – combination of factorsExaminer’s Exemplar Answer 1In the period 1928–1932 the Nazi Party increased itssupport tremendously. By 1932 it had the largestsupport in elections. The economic slump led tounemployment (1) and the Nazis promised to find jobs.There were other reasons why people supported theNazis as well (2).The Wall Street Crash in 1929 brought problems forGermany (3). The Germans had to pay back loans fromother countries and there was unemployment andhyperinflation (4). The government was unable to paypeople unemployment benefit. This meant that manyGermans were unhappy with the Weimar Republic. TheNazis promised to give people jobs. As unemploymentrose to 6 million by 1932 so the support for the Nazisgrew (5).Many different types of Germans were affected by theGreat Depression (6). Workers lost their jobs, farmerswere affected by prices and the middle-class standard ofliving went down. The Nazis promised to help theworkers by giving people jobs, help farmers byproducing more food in Germany and improvestandards of living. All of these things increased thepopularity of the Nazis over time. As the GreatDepression went on, they became more and morepopular (7).However, there were other factors which helped theNazis to gain support (8). The Weimar Republic wasweak from the start. There were many coalitiongovernments, which meant that politicians did not agree(1) Already there is anindication that the studentis potentially unsure of thefocus of the question –support or electoralsupport.(2) This suggests that theanswer will show someanalysis – the economicslump is acknowledged andother reasons are hinted atbut not specified.(3) Begins with economicissues – but assumes thatthe economic slump is theWall Street Crash.(4) This is a common errorfor a Level 3 answer –hyperinflation was not afeature of the economicslump from 1928.(5) Sufficiently securesupporting evidence forLevel 3 and connected toelectoral support.(6) An attempt to showthat different economicproblems brought support© Hodder Education 2010. This material may be downloaded and copied free ofcharge, but only for distribution within the subscribing institution.
Access to History Online Edexcel Unit 1 – F7 From Second Reich to Third Reich:Germany, 1918–45and could not make decisions. There was Article 48,which meant that the President could make laws withoutparliament. All these things meant that the WeimarRepublic could not deal with problems. They also couldnot deal with the violence between the Nazis and theCommunists (9).Another reason why the Nazis gained support wasbecause the Nazis were well organised (10). WhenHitler came out of jail they decided to stand in elections.In 1928 they gained 12 seats in the elections because ofproportional representation. They organised meetingsand Hitler travelled around the country by plane to meetas many people as possible. In 1930 Goebbels began apropaganda campaign which produced posters andinformation which gave different messages to differentpeople (11). The Nazis also used intimidation andviolence in the streets (12). By the end of 1930 theNazis had 107 seats (13).Hitler himself was increasingly popular (14). He wasable to put forward Nazi ideas when he was put on trialafter the Munich Putsch. Hitler’s public speaking skillswere very persuasive and many people supported theNazis after listening to him speak. Hitler’s speechesagainst the Versailles Treaty, promising to makeGermany great again and to ignore the agreements,won support from many people. Hitler became evenmore popular after he led a campaign against the YoungPlan, which reduced reparations in 1929. By 1932 Hitlerwas able to challenge Hindenburg in the presidentialelection (15).So the economic slump did persuade many people tovote for the Nazi Party especially those who wereunemployed. However, the Nazis were very organisedand Hitler was popular which also gained support (16).Examiner’s AssessmentThis is a typical mid to high Level 3 answer. It has someattributes of Level 2 with some simple statements butalso the multi-factored nature of the answer couldindicate a low Level 4. However, there is an attempt atanalysis, a range of factors and adequate supportingevidence, which puts the answer into Level 3. Inparticular, the response shows some understanding ofthe focus of the question but this is not well related. Thequestion refers to the economic slump rather than justthe effects of the Great Depression and the emphasis ison the rise in electoral support rather than popularity.This focus is a mixture of Nazi popularity and electoralfrom different types ofgroups.(7) Implies electoralsupport throughpopularity.(8) Reference to otherfactors.(9) Typical Level 3supporting evidence aboutthe Weimar Republic –generalised statementsabout problems but lackingdetail from the 1928–32period.(10) Introduces anotherfactor.(11) The supportingevidence here is morerelevant to the 1928–32time period.(12) A new aspect isintroduced.(13) The concludingstatement refers toelectoral gain.(14) Another factor isintroduced through astatement but emphasis ison popularity rather thanelectoral support.(15) Finishes withreference to elections.(16) The conclusion showsan understanding of thefocus of the question withreference to votes andidentifies other factors.© Hodder Education 2010. This material may be downloaded and copied free ofcharge, but only for distribution within the subscribing institution.
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