Survey Findings 2Figure 8 Social and emotional issues such as lack of motivation and poor student behavior are seen as at leastsomewhat of a problem in many schools.How much of a problem is this in your school?Very bigproblemFairly bigproblemSomewhatof a problemStudents’ lack of interest in learning13%14%42%69%Poor student behavior in class11%9%37%57%Bullying3%6%33%42%Negative school climate4%6%23%33%Poor relationships between teachers and students3%13%16%16%attendance and graduation rates),fewer negative behaviors (decreaseddisruptive class behavior, noncompliance,aggression, delinquent acts, anddisciplinary referrals), and reducedemotional distress (fewer reports ofstudent depression, anxiety, stress, andsocial withdrawal). 64<strong>The</strong>se benefits of SEL are invaluable in aschool setting where young students arenavigating not only academic challengesbut also the interpersonal challenges ofadolescence. As Margaret Spellings, U.S.Secretary of Education (2005–09), says,“<strong>The</strong> academic pieces and SEL haveto be mutually reinforcing. High-qualityMore than three in fourteachers (77 percent) believeteaching SEL will increasestandardized test scores andoverall academic performance(77 percent).teachers understand this intuitively —but we need to integrate these far betterthan we are today.” Likewise, studiesshow that with specifically designedSEL interventions, dropout trends canbe reversed, especially if action is takenat the first signs of struggle. 65 Manypsychosocial intervention programs(“therapeutic SEL” 66 ) are used forchildren with existing behavioral issues.Many schools across the socioeconomicspectrum are also implementing“character growth” programs that havedecreased the amount of conductreferrals and bullying incidents. 67 SELprograms have been shown to beeffective at preschool, 68 elementary, 69middle, 70 and high school levels; 71 aturban, suburban, and rural schools;and with students from diverse socioeconomicand cultural backgrounds. 72In addition to specific benefits tostudents, a summary of fifteen yearsof research on school reform revealsthat SEL is a powerful strategy andlever for school improvement. 73 <strong>The</strong>study identifies five essential supportsfor effective school change — one ofwhich is a learning climate that is safe,welcoming, stimulating, and nurturingto all students. Research shows thatschools strong in the essential supportswere at least ten times more likely toshow substantial gains in both readingand mathematics than schools weakin the supports. In study after study,SEL programs have an immediateeffect on outcomes, such as academicachievement, social behavior, andpositive self-image. 74 A teacher fromChicago whose school is implementingevidence-based social and emotionalprogramming explains, “Something …that I notice [is that] all these kids havereally positive relationships with eachother. … because of what we do in theclassroom, and so they all build theserelationships with each other. And I thinkthat’s a huge outcome of SEL.”Our nationally representative survey ofteachers confirms this research. Teachersbelieve that SEL helps achieve key goals22 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Missing</strong> <strong>Piece</strong>
such as boosting academic performanceand reaching grade-level readingproficiency. <strong>The</strong>y also report that SELhelps overcome key challenges they facein their classrooms, including studentlack of interest, poor student behavior,and bullying (Figure 8).SEL Boosts AcademicPerformanceAccording to the survey, boostingstudent academic performance is thekey goal teachers aim to achieve withtheir students. Moving successfullythrough the school system, excellingat coursework, earning high markson standardized tests, and staying ontrack to graduate are all benchmarksof a student’s academic success.<strong>The</strong> research consistently shows theacademic benefits of SEL — andteachers’ voices echo this. Students’ability to regulate emotion, attention,and behavior is related to academicachievement. 75 SEL helps studentsbecome more self-aware and confidentin their learning abilities. Progress in“[SEL] would help students learn the other core subjects. It would helpstudents be attentive in class, form good habits, solve problems, andplan ahead.”— Eighth grade boysocial and emotional competencies alsohelps students with stress management,problem solving, and decision-making;these skills in turn have been foundto help them get better grades. 76 Morecognitive forms of regulation, such asinhibition control, are related to academicsuccess, especially in young children. 77Schools teaching SEL on a programmaticbasis are more likely to develop students’knowledge and skills in key contentareas, such as English, history, science,and math. 78 A teacher from Philadelphiaexplains, “If the students are betterprepared, which [SEL] helps them tobe, then they are also better prepared tolearn the core curriculum because they’regetting their social needs met and theiremotional needs met. <strong>The</strong>y’re going to dobetter at school — that’s the bottom line.”<strong>The</strong> majority of teachers believe SEL willhelp students move successfully throughthe school system and stay on trackto graduate (80 percent) and improvestudent achievement in academiccoursework (75 percent). More thanthree in four teachers (77 percent)believe teaching SEL will increasestandardized test scores and overallacademic performance (77 percent).Some district leaders also recognize thestrong connection between SEL andacademic learning, explaining that SELis the foundation for academic success.<strong>The</strong>se leaders observe more studentson task and learning, less disengagedand off task in schools where SELimplementation is a district priority.Student voices echo these opinions. Aseventh grade girl says, “In a class whereeveryone respects the teacher, it is morepeaceful and there is a more steadyA National Teacher Survey on How Social and Emotional Learning Can Empower Children and Transform Schools 23
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