Dichroic Antenna Reflector for Space Applications CCITT ...

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Fig. 10VDU presentation of quality data (performancemonitoring data)fore the traffic over the transmission linksis affected.ZAN202 can collect quality data continuouslyfrom the supervised equipment,whether supplied by Ericsson or other vendors.Ericsson equipment has integratedmodules for the interworking with ZAN 202.As regards equipment from other vendors,ZAN 202 has modules that measure theCRC (Cyclic Redundancy Code) and/orFAS (Frame Alignment Signal) at the G.703interfaces.ZAN 202 measures the quality parametersspecified by CCITT in RecommendationG.821.- Errored seconds (ES). An ES is one secondduring which one or more bit errorsare detected-Severely errored seconds (SES). AnSES is one second during which BER isgreater than 1 x 10' 3 .-Degraded minutes (DM). A DM is oneminute during which BER is greater than1 x 10 6 , excluding unavailable time measuredas UAS- Unavailable seconds (UAS). A UAS is 10consecutive seconds during which BERis greater than 1 x 10 3 .At the initial level, the above-mentionedquality data is collected by the PUs. Thedata is then fetched by the MMD at certainintervals - the accumulation intervals.These are defined by the operator and maybe between 15 minutes and four hours.MMD-adds all measurement values that havebeen collected during the measurementperiod set by the operator. For example, ifthe accumulation interval is 15 minutesand the measurement period one hour,the MMD will add the measurement valuesfrom four intervals and give "onehour"values- compares the measurement values withpreset threshold values stored in theMMD. An alarm is generated if the thresholdvalue for any G.821 parameter is exceeded.Two threshold values and two measurementperiods may be defined for each qualityparameter. One threshold value marksthe boundary between "good" and "deteriorated"quality and the other between"deteriorated" and "unacceptable" quality.Completed measurement results are presentedon a VDU or printer. Fig. 10 showsan example of a quality parameter display.Man-machine interfaceVisual display units of type VT100 are usedfor man-machine communication. Upto sixVDUs may be connected to an MMD, eitherdirectly via V24/V28 interfaces or via standardmodems. A printer may also be connected.Alarms and other information maybe presented on one or several of the I/Odevices. ZAN 202 permits three differentuser categories. A unique password can bedefined for each category.REQUEST PM DATAEQP IDENTITYPRESENTATIONPM TEMPLATEACCUMULATIONSTART TIMEAPR-10 08:00APR-10 09:00APR-10 10:00APR-10 11:00APR-10 12:00APR-10 13:00APR-10 14:00PM HISTORY DATAINTERVALLENGTH00 01:0000 01:0000 01:0000 01:0000 01:0000 01:0000 01:00APR-10 00:00 00 14:00APR-09 00:00 01 00:00EDBG,LT140,4PERCENTAGE VALUES6DM1.6600003.333.330.00360.0013PM-PARAMETERSES SES0.056 00.028 00.028 00 00.028 04.326 0.4443.753 0.5550.01240.00280.00120.00031991-APR-10 15:11UAS000000.1130.089BER1E-082E-093E-09
63ZAN 202-ver2 Internal Alarm Printer ON SYS Report: OVERF1990-FEB-09 EQP Alarm: PM Alarm: Bl Mon OFF FL Result: 27%10:28 A1 A2 A3MENU MODE TOP: ALARM-SURV: REQ-ACTIVEWork windowFig. 11The display is divided into a status window and awork windowlogue with the operator in the menu modeor for presentation of alarms etc. in thereport mode. Fig. 11 shows the variousfields of the status window and the informationthey contain.HardwareAlarm collectionTwo types of alarm collection unit are used.In small stations with limited requirementsan ACU (Alarm Collection Unit) is used,with 7x4 = 28 alarm inputs per board.Large stations need an ACM (Alarm CollectionMagazine), which can be extendedto up to 16 modules, each with 7x8 = 56alarm inputs.Fault location and qualitymeasurementThe hardware for fault location and qualitymeasurements is integrated with the equipmentit supervises. These units are calledFDU (Fault Detector Unit), SU (SupervisionUnit) and CU (Control Unit). They come indifferent versions for different types oftransmission equipment.Remote controlRemote control by means of relay contactclosure requires an RCU (Remote ControlUnit), which has 16 individually controllablerelay contacts.References:Network adaptation1 Silvergran, U. and Woldegiorgis, K.: Fault The communication network between theLocation system ZAN201. Ericsson Review61 (1984):4, pp. 162-169.MMD and PUs may be extensive, dependingon the geographical configuration of the2 Eneborg, M. and Johansen, B.: TransmissionMaintenance System ZAN 101.Ericsson Review 61 (1984):1, pp. 18-25.3 Tarle, H.: FMAS An Operations SupportSystem for Transport Networks. EricssonReview 67(1990):4, pp. 163-182.4 CCITT Recommendation G.821.5 CCITT Recommendation M.30.supervised transmission network. It mayalso use communication channels in differentmedia. Modem Repeater Magazines,MRM, may be used to ensure flexibility andoperational reliability throughout the network.A Line Adapter, LA, is required whenthe service channel in radio relay linkequipment is to be used. An Input/OutputConverter, IOC, is necessary when freetime slots in the transmission systems orleased channels are to be utilised.Upgrading ZAN 201 to ZAN 202Existing ZAN 201 installations can be upgradedto ZAN 202 standard, which meansthat new functions are added. Upgrading isaccomplished through the replacement ofthe Fault Location Magazine, FLM, inZAN 201 by the MMD. In addition, the softwarein the line terminal FDUs is replacedby software that permits quality measurements.The programs for both ZAN 201 andZAN 202 are stored in PROMs.System capacityMany factors influence the capacity of aZAN 202 system, for example the networktopology and the amount of equipment beingsupervised as regardss alarms andquality. Generally speaking, 800 equipments- 200 of which are line systems -can be given operational support. Theequipments may be of 40 different typesand placed in 30 different stations.
Page 3 and 4: ERICSSON REVIEWNumber 2 1991 Volume
Page 5 and 6: ANDERS DERNERYDHANS WILHELMSSONEric
Page 7 and 8: 25Fig. 4Different sandwich structur
Page 9 and 10: Fig. 6The lowest self-resonance of
Page 11 and 12: 29Fig. 12The frequency-selective su
Page 13 and 14: Fig. 14Calculated radiation pattern
Page 15 and 16: 33Fig. C for Box 2Examples of symme
Page 17 and 18: 35WALTER WIDLEricsson Telecom ABPri
Page 19 and 20: This functionality is represented b
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 5Example of connection of main
Page 23 and 24: 41The Service Management Layerhandl
Page 25 and 26: 43Fig. 12Example of entity-relation
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 15Exchange of information betw
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 18Transmission of an alarm fro
Page 31 and 32: Box 8EXAMPLE OF OBJECT CLASSES FOR
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 24An example of the use of Eri
Page 35 and 36: JOHAN FRANDFORSNIKLAS HAFDELLEricss
Page 37 and 38: Technical Data for Rectifiers55Inpu
Page 39 and 40: ZAN 202, a System for Operation and
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 3Several ZAN 202 may be used i
Page 43: 61ACTIVE ALARMS1991-APR-23TRANSMISS

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