FMD Virus FMDV Genome FMDV antigenic ... - Middle East - OIE

1%FMDV-A A topotypes 1928-20082008 FMDV-O O topotypes 1993-2008A15/Bangkok/TAI/60 [AY593755]A/SAU/41/91A/SAU/23/86A/IND/17/77* [AF204108] AsiaA22/IRQ/24/64 [AJ251474]A23/KEN/46/65 [1964]A/KEN/29/2005A/EGY/4/2006A/EGY/1/2006A/EGY/2/2006A/EGY/3/2006A/EGY/5/2006A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]A/ETH/7/92A/ETH/23/94A/ETH/1/94A/YEM/2/98A/SUD/1/82A/K35/80*A/UGA/20/76A/K37/84*A/NYE/8/89A/UGA/4/75A/KEN/22/69 [K140/69]A/UGA/13/66A/BKF/2/94A/CIV/4/95A/CIV/2/96A/GHA/4/96A/GAM/44/98A/GAM/46/98A/GAM/52/98A/SEN/34/97A/MAI/2/97A/MAU/3/97A/SEN/10/96A/GHA/16/73A/NIG/10/76A/CAR/2/85A/NIG/4/79A/CAR/1/86 AfricaA/CAR/1/87A/TCH/2/73A/CAR/1/76A/NGR/2/73 A/MAI/4/2004A/TOG/9/2005A/CAR/P19/2000 (mfa/057/01)A/CAR/15/2000A/CAR/14/2000A/CAR/12/2000A/CAR/13/2000A/CAR/P22/2000 (fke/066/08)A/ERI/3/97A/ERI/2/98A/ERI/3/98A/SUD/3/77A/SUD/1/81A/SUD/2/84A/SUD/1/85A/UGA/1/2002A/BUN/2/80 A/ZAM/90A/MAL/5/81 A/BUN/4/90A/K49/84*A/KEN/12/2005A/KEN/3/2006A/TAN/4/80A/TAN/2/68 [T626/68]A/TAN/3/68 [T809/67]A/KEN/42/66 [K18/66]A/K16/74*A/SOM/1/78A/K5/80*A/KEN/1/95 [K4/95]A/KEN/1/93 [K64/93]A/KEN/1/2003 [K177/03]A/KEN/2/2003 [K181/03]A/K179/71* [KEN/1/76]A/K207/73*A/EGY/1/72A/ETH/2/79A/YEM/2/85A/YEM/7/85A21/KEN/3/64A/NIG/5/72AfricaAsiaME-SA (Middle East – South Asia)SEA (South-east Asia)CathayFMD present or suspected (topotype undesignated)WRLFMD samples collectedWRLFMD data 2005-0909496 Batches collected from:Previous years20082009 Bahrain Egypt Iran Iraq Israel Libya Jordan Kuwait Pakistan Saudi Arabia Turkey UAE Yemen

9 99 99 81 0 09 91 0 07 49 59 91 0 07 88 07 79 01 0 01 0 01 0 09 99 99 98 67 47 81 0 08 67 49 99 99 81 0 09 91 0 07 49 59 91 0 07 88 07 79 01 0 01 0 01 0 09 99 99 98 67 49775999091999996O/ IRN/60/2006O/IRN/64/2006O/UAE/1/200798O/UAE/2/2007O/IRN/59/2006O/IRN/47/2006O/IRN/58/2006O/ IRN/26/2007O/IRN/44/2006O/IRN/28/2006O/IRN/42/2006O/IRN/24/2006O/IRN/30/2006O/IRN/16/2006O/IRN/27/2006O/IRN/31/2006O/ IRN/17/2006O/TUR/731/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)O/IRN/18/2006O/IRN/21/2006O/IRN/26/2006O/ IRN/61/2006O/IRN/28/200799O/IRN/29/2007O/IRN/19/20 06O/IRN/14/2006O/IRN/34/2007O/IRN/12/2006O/ IRN/13/2006O/IRN/46/2006O/IRN/10/20 06O/IRN/8/200 6O/IRN/9/200 6O/ IRN/23/2006O/IRN/34/2006O/IRN/20/20 06O/TUR/18/200779O/TUR/30/2007O/IRN/39/2006O/TUR/14/2007O/ IRN/30/2007O/ IRN/51/2006O/IRN/38/2006O/TUR/15/2007O/TUR/23/2007O/TUR/16/200784O/SAU/1/2007O/SAU/4/2007O/JOR/7/2006O/JOR/5/200679O/ ISR/1/2007O/ISR/3/2007O/ISR/5/200797O/ ISR/9/2007O/ ISR/7/2007O/JOR/6/2006O/TUR/4/2007O/TUR/1/2007O/ TUR/3/2007O/ TUR/28/2007O/ TUR/29/200789O/TUR/285/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)O/ IRN/32/2006O/ IRN/35/2006O/IRN/33/200774O/IRN/48/2006O/ IRN/48/2006-ring trial (FMDI-Ankara)O/IRN/49/2006O/IRN/15/2006O/IRN/37/2006O/IRN/55/200676 O/TUR/27/200793 O/TUR/600/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)O/TUR/6/2007O/IRN/33/2006O/TUR/9/2007O/TUR/20/2007O/ TUR/11/2007O/TUR/1423/2006* (FMDI-Ankara)O/TUR/13/ 2007O/ IRN/52/2006O/IRN/56/2006O/IRN/45/2006O/IRN/29/2006O/IRN/43/2006O/IRN/11/2006O/ IRN/50/2006O/IRN/53/2006O/KAZ/2007 (ARRIAH)O/PAK/4/2006O/PAK/8/2006O/PAK/1 1/2006O/IRN/25/2006O/AFG/34/2007O/A FG/36/2007O/IRN/22/2006O/AFG/29/2007O/AFG/42/2007O/ IRN/27/200799O/IRN/31/2007O/IRN/32/2007O/MAY/6/2003 (DQ165058)O/MAY/7/2003O/MAY/3/20 04O/MAY/2/20049999O/MAY/4/2005O/MAY/7/2005O/NEP/4/2003 (DQ165059)O/BHU/48/2003O/BHU/49/2003 (DQ164867)O/NEP/5/2003 (DQ165060)O/NEP/6/2003 (DQ165061)O/NEP/2/20037873939397739999O/IRN/8/200 5O/IRN/21/2005O/IRN/9/2005O/IRN/23/2005O/ IRN/12/2005O/PAK/9/2005O/PAK/13/2005O/BHU/33/2004 (DQ165046)O/BHU/39/2004 (DQ164870)O/BHU/30/2004 (DQ16504 5)O/BHU/26/2004 (DQ165043)O/BHU/28/2004 (DQ165 044)O/BHU/18/2007O/BHU/11/200799O/BHU/12/2007O/ IND/151/01* (IVRI)A/EGY/09 outbreak time-lineEl-Harakyfarm cases time-plot analysis 1529 animals / 363 cases (23.74%AR) 175 cases only in Dairy Cows (12.14%I) before 14/03 188 cases in all animals (17.72%I) after 14/03, but only few new cases in DCSerotype O: PanAsia IIPhylogenetic analysis First recorded in 2003 in India (Hemadri et al., 2008) VP1 sequences All closely related to each other (max ~ 5% difference) Within ME-SA topotype Distinct from earlier PanAsia lineagePanAsia II Spread to the East?2007-08 samples from Bhutan sequencedPanAsia-2 lineage in 7 isolatesPanAsiaPanAsia II isolates (2006-09)09)PanAsia II outbreaks time-lineIran (2006-09)Israel (2007)Jan2007-0909Egypt (2007)Saudi Arabia (2007-08)Turkey (2007-09)UAE (2007-09)Pakistan (2007-08)Bhutan (2007-08)Bahrain (2008)Summer2007Late 2006Early-mid 2007Jan2008Summer2007 & 2008Early-mid 2006& 2007, 2009Jan2007Jan2007 & 2008Summer2007 & 2008Kuwait (2008)Malaysia (since 2003)Serotype O: O/IRN/09Phylogenetic analysis 2 samples received on 26 th of February 2009 PanAsia-2 strain have been sequenced from isolates O/IRN/09 related withO/IRN/07 (98.44% identity)O/PAK/07 (98.44% identity)O/PAK/06 (98.44% identity)O/IRN/56/2006O/IRN/50/2006O/IRN/53/2006O/IRN/11/2006O/IRN/29/2006O/IRN/43/2006O/IRN/45/2006PAK 2007O/AFG/29/2007O/AFG/42/2007O/IRN/22/2006O/PAK/4/2006O/PAK/8/2006O/PAK/11/2006O/IRN/25/2006O/AFG/34/2007O/AFG/36/2007O/PAK/20/2007O/PAK/5/2007O/PAK/31/2007PAK 2007; IRN 2007; BAR, KUW, SAU 2008PAK 2007-8O/PAK/48/2007MAY 2003-5IRN 2005O/IND/136/01* (PD-FMD)PAK 2007-8BHU 2007O/PAK/32/2007O/PAK/34/2007O/PAK/33/2007O/PAK/66/2007 (A)(FJ798184)O/IRN/14/2009O/IRN/7/2009O/PAK/21/2007O/PAK/56/2007 (FJ798180)O/PAK/15/2007O/PAK/7/2007O/PAK/8/2007O/PAK/63/2007 (FJ798183)O/PAK/60/2007 (FJ798181)O/PAK/61/2007 (FJ798182)SAU 2005; KUW 2006ISR 2005-6; TUR 2005O/IND/53/79 (AF292107)O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276)O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AJ251477)O/ISR/2/88 (DQ164899)CATHAYEURO-SAPanAsia-2Serotype O: O/IRN/090.002O/PAK/32/2007O/PAK/34/2007O/PAK/33/2007O/PAK/66/2007 (A)(FJ798184)O/IRN/14/2009O/IRN/7/2009O/PAK/21/2007O/PAK/56/2007 (FJ798180)O/PAK/15/2007O/PAK/7/2007O/PAK/8/2007O/PAK/63/2007 (FJ798183)O/PAK/60/2007 (FJ798181)O/PAK/61/2007 (FJ798182)O/IRN/56/2006O/IRN/50/2006O/IRN/53/2006O/IRN/11/2006O/IRN/29/2006O/IRN/43/2006O/IRN/45/2006PAK 2007O/AFG/29/2007O/AFG/42/2007O/IRN/22/2006O/PAK/4/2006O/PAK/8/2006O/PAK/11/2006O/IRN/25/2006O/AFG/34/2007O/AFG/36/2007O/PAK/20/2007O/PAK/5/2007O/PAK/31/2007PAK 2007; IRN 2007; BAR, KUW, SAU 2008PAK 2007-8O/PAK/48/2007MAY 2003-5IRN 2005O/IND/136/01* (PD-FMD)PAK 2007-8BHU 2007O/PAK/32/2007O/PAK/34/2007O/PAK/33/2007O/PAK/66/2007 (A)(FJ798184)O/IRN/14/2009O/IRN/7/2009O/PAK/21/2007O/PAK/56/2007 (FJ798180)O/PAK/15/2007O/PAK/7/2007O/PAK/8/2007O/PAK/63/2007 (FJ798183)O/PAK/60/2007 (FJ798181)O/PAK/61/2007 (FJ798182)SAU 2005; KUW 2006ISR 2005-6; TUR 2005O/IND/53/79 (AF292107)O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276)O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AJ251477)O/ISR/2/88 (DQ164899)CATHAYEURO-SAPanAsia-20.020.02

7 28 48 19 79 47 59 27 48 71 0 07 01 0 07 58 61 0 07 58 67 28 48 19 79 47 59 27 48 71 0 07 01 0 07 58 6Serotype O: O/TUR/09Phylogenetic analysis 8 samples received on 09 th of March 2009 PanAsia-2 strain have been sequenced from isolates O/TUR/09 related withO/PAK 23.1 8 (97.93% identity)O/IRN/07 (97.81% identity)O/TUR/30/2008O/Bursa/TUR/126/2008* (FMDI)O/IRN/39/2006O/TUR/14/2007O/IRN/30/2007O/KUW/9/2008O/IRN/51/2006O/IRN/38/2006O/TUR/15/2007O/TUR/23/2007O/TUR/16/2007SAU 2007O/JOR/7/2006 (FJ561318)O/Balikesir/TUR/1/2008* (FMDI)O/JOR/5/2006O/ISR/1/2007 (FJ561312)O/ISR/3/2007 (FJ561313)ISR 2007JOR 2006; TUR 2007O/Kirsehir/TUR/1032/2007* (FMDI)O/TUR/16/2008O/TUR/9/2008O/TUR/10/2008O/IRN/32/2006O/IRN/35/2006O/TUR/4/2009O/TUR/5/2009O/TUR/36/2008O/TUR/6/2009O/TUR/35/2008O/TUR/38/2008O/TUR/313/2008* (FMDI)O/TUR/2/2009O/TUR/3/2009O/TUR/257/2008* (FMDI)O/IRN/33/2007O/IRN/48/2006O/IRN/49/2006O/IRN/55/2006O/IRN/37/2006O/IRN/15/2006O/TUR/5/2008O/TUR/9/2007O/Kutahya/TUR/19/2008* (FMDI)O/TUR/27/2007O/TUR/600/2007* (FMDI)O/TUR/6/2007O/IRN/33/2006O/TUR/20/2007O/TUR/11/2007O/TUR/1423/2006* (FMDI)O/TUR/13/2007O/IRN/52/2006O/IRN/56/2006O/IRN/50/2006O/IRN/53/2006O/IRN/11/2006O/IRN/29/2006O/IRN/43/2006PanAsia-2Serotype O: O/TUR/090.002O/IRN/33/2007O/TUR/4/2009O/TUR/5/2009O/TUR/36/2008O/TUR/6/2009O/TUR/35/2008O/TUR/38/2008O/TUR/313/2008* (FMDI)O/TUR/2/2009O/TUR/3/2009O/TUR/257/2008* (FMDI)O/TUR/30/2008O/Bursa/TUR/126/2008* (FMDI)O/IRN/39/2006O/TUR/14/2007O/IRN/30/2007O/KUW/9/2008O/IRN/51/2006O/IRN/38/2006O/TUR/15/2007O/TUR/23/2007O/TUR/16/2007SAU 2007O/JOR/7/2006 (FJ561318)O/Balikesir/TUR/1/2008* (FMDI)O/JOR/5/2006O/ISR/1/2007 (FJ561312)O/ISR/3/2007 (FJ561313)ISR 2007JOR 2006; TUR 2007O/Kirsehir/TUR/1032/2007* (FMDI)O/TUR/16/2008O/TUR/9/2008O/TUR/10/2008O/IRN/32/2006O/IRN/35/2006O/TUR/4/2009O/TUR/5/2009O/TUR/36/2008O/TUR/6/2009O/TUR/35/2008O/TUR/38/2008O/TUR/313/2008* (FMDI)O/TUR/2/2009O/TUR/3/2009O/TUR/257/2008* (FMDI)O/IRN/33/2007O/IRN/48/2006O/IRN/49/2006O/IRN/55/2006O/IRN/37/2006O/IRN/15/2006O/TUR/5/2008O/TUR/9/2007O/Kutahya/TUR/19/2008* (FMDI)O/TUR/27/2007O/TUR/600/2007* (FMDI)O/TUR/6/2007O/IRN/33/2006O/TUR/20/2007O/TUR/11/2007O/TUR/1423/2006* (FMDI)O/TUR/13/2007O/IRN/52/2006O/IRN/56/2006O/IRN/50/2006O/IRN/53/2006O/IRN/11/2006O/IRN/29/2006O/IRN/43/2006PanAsia-2Risk MapsEuropeRussiaVaccine recommendations A/IRN/05 and PanAsia II still present a significant threat for further spreadChina Matching tests reveal gaps in cover (especially vs. Serotype A)• A-Iran-05 from Turkeypoor matches to the A 22 IRQ vaccine strain• A-Iran-05 from Iranpoor matches to the A/IRN/96 and A/IRN/99NorthAfricaGulf Statescontinuing... Despite of poor matching, high potency vaccine can get protection(A22/IRQ24/64, A/IRN/96 and A/IRN/99 with PD 50 24 or >32) (Brehm et al., 2008)NewintroductionsVietnamLaosVACCINE STRAINFIELD ISOLATEA 22 IRQ A TUR 06 A IRN 96 A IRN 99A/IRN/36/07 0.21 0.39 0.14 0.23A/IRN/39/07 0.13 0.69 0.14 0.30A/IRN1/08 0.15 0.74A/TUR/6/08 >0.83A/TUR/7/08 0.12 >0.97 0.07 0.14A/TUR/8/08 >1.0A/IRN/05A/EGY/06PanAsia IIA/TUR/11/08 0.12 0.91 0.12 0.16Vaccine recommendations Ag variability of serotype O viruses is less than other serotypes O1 Manisa has been recommended for many years as a suitable vaccine vs.viruses of ME-SA topotype r 1 = 0.64 (2005-08 average value for 45 viruses) Challenge of cattle by inoculation with O/IRN/34/06r 1 = 0.643.5 PD 50 (45-220% known variability, 1.6-7.7 PD 50 most likely range)FIELD ISOLATEVACCINE STRAINO1 ManisaO/IRN/34/06 0.64Discussion A-Iran-05• presents in most of the Middle East countries (wide-spread)• emergence have many parallels to that of the A 22 strains• poor vaccine matching (r1

What do we need? More information on• Outbreaks (incidence/prevalence data)• Animal movements• Wildlife reservoirs• Vaccine usage + efficacy More samples from• Domestic animals• Wildlife A better understanding of FMD epidemiology Regional roadmap aimed at disease control and eradication Active collaboration!!!Acknowledgments• Nick J. Knowles (IAH)• Don P. King (IAH)• Nigel P. Ferris (IAH)• David J. Paton (IAH)• Jef M. Hammond (IAH)• Keith Sumption (FAO)Funding: FAO and DEFRA, UK